Gerd Tellenbach

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Gerd Tellenbach (born September 17, 1903 in Groß-Lichterfelde ; † June 12, 1999 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German historian .

Tellenbach dealt mainly with the history of the early and high Middle Ages . Above all, he worked on the investiture dispute and the emergence of the medieval empire . Tellenbach belonged to a small group of historians who, despite their distance from National Socialism, were able to continue their academic career and publish unhindered. He taught as a full professor at the Universities of Gießen (1938–1942), Münster (1942–1944) and Freiburg (1944–1962); from 1962 to 1972 he was director of the German Historical Institute in Rome .

The personal history research he began in Freiburg developed into one of the most important research projects in German Medieval Studies in the second half of the 20th century. Numerous professors, including those in Hamburg, Münster, Würzburg and Freiburg, emerged from the “Freiburg working group”, the so-called “Tellenbach School”. In addition, Tellenbach made a significant contribution to science and education policy in the post-war period .

Life

Origin and youth

Gerd Tellenbach was born as the son of the officer Friedrich Leo Tellenbach and his wife Margarethe and was baptized as a Protestant. With Klaus Tellenbach he had a brother and two sisters and two half-brothers from his father's first marriage. The father was a colonel in the Offenburg 170 Infantry Regiment . In August 1914 Gerd Tellenbach lost his father in the first weeks of the First World War . His oldest half-brother was also killed in the war. According to his later pupil Joachim Wollasch , these strokes of fate “sensitized” Tellenbach to the social developments of his time at an early stage. He attended schools in Mainz , Offenburg and Baden-Baden , where he graduated from high school in 1922. Tellenbach initially wanted to study law and economics in order to become politically active. However, under the influence of the Baden-Baden grammar school director Friedrich Blum, he changed his attitude and decided to study at the Philosophical Faculty. As a high school graduate and student, Tellenbach was even more aware of the war experience through the literary processing of Ernst Jünger , Ludwig Renn and Erich Maria Remarque than through the personal front-line stories of soldiers.

Studies (1922–1926)

Tellenbach studied from 1922 to 1926 first one semester in Munich and then in Freiburg, the subjects of history, German and Latin. In his autobiography he tells little about his student days . In Munich he was impressed by the art historian Heinrich Wölfflin . Tellenbach received his doctorate in 1926 in Freiburg from the constitutional and economic historian Georg von Below with a constitutional work on monasteries and bailiffs of the bishops of Passau . The topic arose from his interest in church and state.

From his doctoral supervisor , Tellenbach took over the rigor of methods in interpreting sources, but he was looking for a different approach to the Middle Ages. His interest was not in the emergence of sovereignty, but the relationship between church and secular power. This differentiated him from other Below students such as Hermann Aubin and Hermann Heimpel . Reading the works of the theologian Adolf von Harnack and the lawyer Rudolph Sohm provided important impulses for this development .

There were no employment opportunities at the University of Freiburg; the only assistant position was held by Hermann Heimpel. Tellenbach did not want to switch to higher education because he wanted to work scientifically. After the death of his doctoral supervisor in 1927, he switched to Karl Hampe at Heidelberg University and received a grant from the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft .

Assistant at the German Historical Institute in Rome (1928–1932)

Through the mediation of the historian Gerhard Ritter , Tellenbach received a position at the German Historical Institute in Rome in 1928 as a research assistant to Paul Fridolin Kehr . There he worked with Hans-Walter Klewitz and Carl Erdmann . A lifelong friendship developed especially with Erdmann. According to Tellenbach's memories, he was “deeply impressed and stimulated” by Erdmann. In Rome it worked for the Regestensammlung repertory Germanicum II the records and documents the ruling 1378-1415 Pope Urban VI. , Boniface IX. , Innocent VII and Gregory XII. He also wrote articles on the curial administrative history of the 14th century and the Great Schism .

In Italy, Tellenbach got to know the fascist regime that had ruled the country since 1922. Under the influence of the political and social upheaval, he wrote his post-doctoral thesis Libertas between 1928 and 1932 . Church and world order in the age of the investiture dispute . The dispute between the Catholic Church and the fascist regime as well as the Lateran Treaty of 1929 had influenced him strongly. Above all, Tellenbach remembered a speech by Benito Mussolini , "which says that without the Roman Empire, Christianity would have remained one of the many Near Eastern sects that withered in the deserts".

In the spring of 1933, Tellenbach received his habilitation from Karl Hampe in Heidelberg. In the foreword of the printed habilitation thesis, he commemorates the papal historian Erich Caspar , who supported his work and included it in the book series he edited, and his friend Carl Erdmann. In 1940 the work was published in English translation in the series "Studies in medieval History", which was supervised by the English medievalist Geoffrey Barraclough . The translation of a German historian's book was unusual at this time; it was the result of Tellenbach's perspective, in which questions of national history played no role. In his work, the struggle between emperor and pope was presented as a struggle for the right order in the high medieval Christian world.

Research and teaching in National Socialism

Tellenbach observed the crisis and fall of the Weimar Republic and the rise of the National Socialists during his research work in Rome. In retrospect, he only announced that he had chosen a Democrat instead of Paul von Hindenburg in the 1925 presidential election. In view of the experiences in the 1920s, this was at best a rational decision; Tellenbach was by no means a staunch democrat. He tended more towards an “elitist understanding of the state and society with clear hierarchical structures and fixed responsibilities”. Tellenbach was suspicious of mass society. In September 1930 he was in Germany and took part in the Reichstag election. After the National Socialists' electoral success, he dealt intensively with Adolf Hitler's book “ Mein Kampf ”, which, as he wrongly stated, “almost nobody read negligently”. For Tellenbach, Hitler was the prototype of a power man who, although he had considerable talents, was controlled by an intoxicating power drive. Hitler was "one of the great addicts in world history".

The NSDAP was Tellenbach because of their plebeian trains and to the identifiable before 1933 violence of its members distanced approach. Unlike many of his colleagues, Tellenbach did not become a member of the NSDAP, the SA or the SS after 1933 . In 1934 he only joined the National Socialist People's Welfare as the second largest mass organization after the NSDAP. In 1936/37 he worked as a block administrator in the Heidelberg-Mönchhoff local group and since the winter semester 1937/38 in the Gießen-Mitte group, first as a block helper, then as a block administrator.

After his habilitation in January 1933, Tellenbach taught for five years as a private lecturer, and for three semesters he was a professor in Heidelberg. There he heard a lecture by Martin Heidegger on “The University in the Third Reich”, which deeply disappointed him. Heidegger was a “passionate National Socialist”, “without wisdom” and “without a sense of political responsibility”. In Heidelberg, on the occasion of the university anniversary there, he wrote an article in the newspaper “ Der Führer ” under the title Fighting Science. From the experiences of the Heidelberg university anniversary . A first version of his report was rejected "as incompatible with the National Socialist worldview". In Heidelberg, Tellenbach managed, against the rules in force, with the help of a National Socialist professor and dean, to give a Jewish history student a doctorate. The doctoral student later wrote to Tellenbach that his parents "no longer dared to believe in these signs of true humanity [...]".

Further professorships followed for two semesters in Gießen and for one semester in Würzburg. During his time in Giessen he was attested by the Gaupersonalamt as a representative of “liberal-objective historiography”, distance from the Nazi regime. In 1935 an appointment to Rostock at the NSD lecturers' association failed ; this was repeated in 1936 when Tellenbach was to be appointed as successor to Bernhard Schmeidler in Erlangen. In his memoirs, Tellenbach expressed the suspicion that he “couldn't become anything for a long time” because he was not a member of Nazi organizations and was therefore “sent around” as a chair representative. In 1936 he volunteered for basic military training "to get at least one plus point" in his files. After all, he was able to publish unhindered and was financially supported by his chair replacements.

In 1936, as a reaction to the millennium celebrations for Heinrich I, which had been staged with great propaganda effort, Tellenbach intended to write a scientific biography about the East Franconian king. The work Kings and Tribes in the Emergence of the German Empire , a structural-historical representation of the Carolingian Empire and its successor empires , arose from dealing with the subject . In this book he dealt with the transition from Franconian to German history. The "emergence of the German Empire" became the dominant research topic for Tellenbach in the 1930s and 1940s.

During the occupation of the Sudetenland in 1938, Tellenbach was involved as a soldier, but he was not drafted into military service in 1939. In the second attempt, after an objection by the NSD-Dozentbund had failed, in 1938 he was called to the University of Giessen as a scheduled associate professor with the title of personal professor . In view of the increasing shortage of young scientists since the mid-1930s, which was also a result of efforts to harness science for Nazi propaganda, the Reich Ministry of Science no longer wanted to do without those young scientists who were considered less party-oriented. The expert reports on the scientists came from Theodor Mayer , who was then President of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica .

Tellenbach had the full rights of a full professor, but a significantly lower remuneration . In several letters to the dean and the Reich Minister of Science, he complained about the postponement due to savings and demanded the removal of this "state of affairs that seriously offended him". In doing so, he admitted that he could “not point to particular merits” in his political activities. But he had "long felt the need to collaborate". In the summer semester of 1942, to his “surprise”, he became a full professor in Münster as successor to Anton Eitel . This appointment came about because of his outstanding scientific achievements. As successor to Anton Eitel, he held the office of director of the Association for the History and Antiquity of Westphalia, Dept. of Münster, between 1943 and 1946 . Since 1942 he was a full member of the Historical Commission for Westphalia , in 1945 he left the commission. In Giessen and Münster he supervised 13 doctorates. In 1941 and 1943, Tellenbach took part in the historians' conferences of the " war effort of the humanities " led by Theodor Mayer . A European view of history was discussed here, which should help the National Socialist reorganization plans in Europe to gain historical legitimacy.

Freiburg professorship (1944–1963)

In 1944, Tellenbach was appointed full professor of medieval history at the University of Freiburg by Reich Science Minister Bernhard Rust after Fritz Ernst had refused the offer. Tellenbach took over the former chair of his teacher Georg von Below as the successor to Hans-Walter Klewitz . A decisive factor in his appointment was the use of his network of colleagues and friends in Freiburg, Münster and elsewhere. As part of a special vote within the faculty, he received a report from Gerhard Ritter , who praised Tellenbach as “by far the most fertile, most imaginative and original researcher”. Ritter, Tellenbach's appraiser, was arrested by the Gestapo around July 20, 1944 . Tellenbach then turned to the Reich Security Main Office in Berlin with a statement from the faculty to visit his imprisoned colleague and to speak out for him. In fact, Ritter was later released, although it is unclear to what extent this was related to Tellenbach's personal commitment. The air raids by the Allies meant that "after the bombing of November 27, 1944, there was no longer any possibility of even a somewhat normal training program." In March 1945 Tellenbach married Marie-Elisabeth in Weilburg an der Lahn , born Gerken. The marriage resulted in two sons and two daughters.

After the end of the war, Tellenbach was able to continue teaching after a brief questioning by an American education officer. During this time he dealt with the recent past in his book Die deutsche Not als Schuld und Fate . For his pupil Otto Gerhard Oexle , the depiction is one of “the most important discussions of German historians in the post-war period with what has just happened”. In the professional world, however, it was ignored, since it derived National Socialism from the apostasy from the Christian faith and the submissiveness of the individual to the state. Materialistic attitudes were the cause of moral instability and political indolence . There was no reflection on the role of the historian, let alone his own, and instead general instructions were given. In addition, like most of his colleagues, Tellenbach no longer wanted to admit the original context in which the "war effort" of his scientific colleagues had come about. In August 1947, he wrote to the historian Mayer: “It would be grotesque if you were to be reproached for the so-called 'war mission'.” In the same post he sent an affidavit on the political harmlessness of the event to Mayer, the in dire straits because of his involvement in the regime's crimes.

Tellenbach played a key role in the rebuilding of Freiburg University. In 1946 he became a member of the Senate, 1947/48 Dean of the Philosophical Faculty, 1949/50 Rector. After the end of his first rectorate he was appointed honorary chairman of the general student committee. In 1950/51 Tellenbach became prorector, and in 1957/58 he was rector again for the five hundredth anniversary of Freiburg University. In his Rector's speech on “The importance of personal research for the knowledge of the early Middle Ages”, he particularly emphasized the prosopographical research and the results of his Freiburg working group.

Tellenbach was one of the historians who concentrated on researching the idea of ​​the Christian Occident after 1945. The intention was to remember the common roots of the Christian-Occidental tradition after the destruction of Europe by the wars. From this perspective, particular importance was ascribed to medieval history before the emergence of the nations, when the Carolingian Empire comprised much of Europe. In 1947 he wrote the article on the importance of the reform papacy for the unification of the West for the Roman book series Studi Gregoriani . In 1950, Gerhard Ritter published the article On the Coexistence of Occidental Peoples in the Middle Ages . In the Historia mundi , the first handbook of world history after the Second World War, Tellenbach wrote the two articles Europe in the age of the Carolingians and the Empire, the Papacy and Europe in the High Middle Ages . In the 1960s he treated the Germanic peoples and the West up to the beginning of the 13th century in the Saeculum world history.

Tellenbach broke new scientific ground when he began to develop the evidence of liturgical remembrance in the form of monastic fraternity books and necrology for the research of people, groups of people and communities. In 1952, the German Research Foundation (DFG) approved his project proposal "To carry out research on the history of the German aristocracy in the High Middle Ages". As a result, in December 1952, a group of young researchers came together around Tellenbach to form the “Freiburg Working Group” on medieval personal research. Tellenbach was extremely successful as a university lecturer. During his time in Freiburg, he supervised 61 dissertations. In the first post-war decade alone, 35 doctorates were successfully completed. The thematic focus of the dissertations lay in the fields of “Church, Papacy and Curia” and “Empire, Kingship”, as well as works on the history of education and tradition, the theory of history and religious movements. Most of the dissertations focused on the history of people and property.

In the 1950s Tellenbach became a member of numerous influential scientific organizations. In 1948 he became a corresponding member and in 1956 a full member of the Central Management of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica . He was a member of the Monumenta for more than half a century, longer than anyone before him since the body was founded in 1875. In 1954 he became a founding member of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg , and in 1954 an honorary member of the Institute for Austrian Historical Research . In the same year he became deputy chairman of the commission for historical regional studies and remained so until 1962. In 1955 Tellenbach became a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . Since 1958 he was a member of the historical commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . The Universities of Leuven and Glasgow awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1960 . He declined calls to chairs in Tübingen (1947) and Bonn (1954).

During his years in Freiburg, Tellenbach was involved in German university politics. From 1957 to 1960 he was President and Vice President of the West German Rectors' Conference , from 1957 to 1966 a member of the Science Council and took on leading positions in the German Research Foundation. He also served from 1958 to 1961 as Vice President of the German University Association . In 1952, Tellenbach headed the Hinterzarten University Conference and in 1955 the Honnef Reform Conference, which was decisive for student funding, at which study financing based on the Honnef model , the forerunner of today's Bafög , was decided. His most important educational policy speeches were published in 1963 under the title The Sibylline Prize .

In October 1962 Tellenbach became director of the German Historical Institute in Rome , the most renowned foreign institute of German history, and thus retired from university.

Director of the German Historical Institute in Rome (1962–1972)

As director of the German Historical Institute in Rome, Tellenbach promoted work on nunciature reports and research on imperial history in Tuscany . The collaboration with Cinzio Violante from the University of Pisa was particularly close . Young Italian medievalists such as Vito Fumagalli and Livia Fasola were employees of the institute during this time. The questions and methods developed by Tellenbach in aristocratic research and personal history were transferred by his students to the history of the empire in Italy. Wilhelm Kurz worked on the early history of Camaldoli , on the Isola monasteries and especially San Salvatore on Monte Amiata as well as on the noble monasteries, reform monasteries and royal monasteries in early and high medieval Tuscany. Hagen Keller researched the place of justice in the northern Italian and Tuscan cities, Dieter von der Nahmer researched the Tuscan imperial administration under Friedrich I and Heinrich VI. From 1966 Hansmartin Schwarzmaier worked in the Lucches archives on medieval Lucca .

In addition, under the direction of Tellenbach, the institute's research was expanded to include the history of the 19th and 20th centuries. Work on fascism and German-Italian relations in the 19th and 20th centuries was funded. He expanded the institute to include a musicological department. Tellenbach also initiated German-Italian colloquia on music history. In 1968 he received the Great Cross of Merit with Star of the Federal Republic of Germany and became an honorary member of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. In 1972 he retired. He then continued to work at the University of Freiburg.

Activity in retirement

He spent his retired years in Freiburg. In 1976 he became a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy . Tellenbach published at a very old age. In his work from remembered contemporary history , published in 1981, he described his life as a historian and his activities in university politics. In it he emphasized that “the main fault of the Germans” was to be found in their attitude towards National Socialism before 1933, when one could “have offered resistance in a really secret ballot”. In 1987 the University of Pisa awarded him an honorary doctorate. During this time he also revised his Libertas book , published half a century ago . In 1988, instead of a new edition, a completely new work was published entitled The Western Church from the 10th to the Early 12th Century , which was also soon translated into English. In this presentation, in addition to the areas of state and church, legal, constitutional and socio-political problems as well as economic and intellectual history issues were also included. Tellenbach wrote further studies on fundamental questions about individuality in the Middle Ages. "Selected treatises and essays" were published in four volumes from 1988, and in 1995 he received the Baden-Württemberg Medal of Merit . Tellenbach died in 1999 at the age of 96 and was buried in Freiburg- Günterstal .

plant

The scientific work of Tellenbach spans more than seven decades, starting from his dissertation from 1926 to the article "Thoughts on Roma aeterna", which was only published posthumously in the commemorative publication for Rudolf Lill in 1999 . Tellenbach had three main research areas: based on the “Libertas” book from 1936, the historical interpretation of the investiture controversy , the transition from Franconian to German history, and personal research in the Middle Ages on the basis of memorial sources.

Investiture dispute

In his portrayal of the conflict, Tellenbach managed to break away from the national perspective of the 19th century. The anti-cultural positions of that time play no role in his work, the reform efforts of the 11th century are embedded in the theological ideas and the power relations of his contemporaries. Therefore, Tellenbach described the investiture controversy as a "struggle for the right order in the world". During this dispute, “the height of the Middle Ages” manifested itself as “a time of maturity, the turning point, the beginning”. The aim was to re-regulate “the relationship between clergy and laity”, to redefine the “internal constitution of the church institution through the victory of the primacy idea” and finally to reorganize “the relationship between church and world”. For Tellenbach, the concept of the freedom of the church, the libertas ecclesiae , is central. However, depending on the context, the term can have different meanings, which means that in individual cases it remains unclear what is meant by the threat to church freedom.

Discussion about the emergence of the medieval empire

Tellenbach wrote his two monographs, Kings and Tribes in the New Age of the German Empire (1939) and The Origin of the German Empire (1940), as contributions to a debate about the origins of the German Empire during the National Socialist era. According to Hagen Keller , the topic was not one of Tellenbach's main research areas, but was consciously taken up by him when it was discussed with ideological intent. Tellenbach questioned the conviction that the German Empire was founded in 919 by Heinrich I or in another epoch year by an individual. The events of this time should only be understood as a constitutionally relevant process that lasted from 911 to 918. In a later study he named the years 843 and 936 as the key data of this development. The idea of ​​the indivisibility of the empire, which emerged under Henry I, was a central aspect for the beginning of the German empire. His students Karl Schmid, Josef Fleckenstein and Eduard Hlawitschka later emphasized this idea several times.

In 1940 Tellenbach published "The Origin of the German Empire", which was aimed at a wider audience. By 1943 the work was published twice. In 1947 the American military government approved the book in the version that had been set several times in 1943, but had been destroyed by bombing. According to the afterword, Tellenbach does not want to have made any literal changes to the third edition, since the investigation is based on a "strictly scientific basis". However, a comparison shows that terms such as “national community” have been replaced by “national community”, “large people state” by “nation state”. However, it is also possible that these expressions were already in the edition planned for 1943.

The dispute over the creation of the German Empire continued after the Second World War and reached another high point in 1970, but Tellenbach no longer took part in the controversy.

Personal name research

Name entries of King Heinrich I and his family from 929 in the Reichenau fraternity book.

Tellenbach's interest in prosopography , which required the compilation of sources on the history of individual people, was already evident in the 1930s. In his personal history research, he was guided by ancient history, in which a " Prosopographia Imperii Romani " had already been developed in 1897/98 . With his research project, Tellenbach wanted to capture “the entire leading class for the Carolingian Empire” and gain the prerequisite “for research into the nobility and its entire political and social relationships from the 10th to the 12th century”. In his study of royalty and tribes in the era of the German Empire from 1939, he tried to identify the people who formed the secular leadership. Tellenbach spoke of a "Carolingian imperial aristocracy" and tried to describe its influence on the decision-making processes in the late phase of the Carolingian Empire and during the emergence of the East Frankish-German Empire. To this end, he collected a list of 111 imperial aristocrats from 42 sexes, which he tried to arrange according to their tribal affiliation. The term imperial aristocracy was criticized early by Martin Lintzel , who pointed out the problem of the delimitation of this "layer". Nevertheless, the term was able to establish itself in medieval studies .

The Gießen historian Theodor Mayer had similar ideas , but it is unclear whether there were agreements or even collaboration with him. At a colloquium by Theodor Mayer, Tellenbach continued his previous research on the aristocratic ruling class. He investigated the family and the landscape origins of the dukes in the period from 900 to 1200. He was able to identify genealogical continuities from the Carolingian imperial aristocracy to the Ottonian - Salian dukes to the imperial princes of the Hohenstaufen . According to his research, the ruling class of the High Middle Ages did not consist of social climbers, but was recruited from the same elite class that was politically leading in the 9th century.

In December 1952, a group of employees, the so-called “Freiburg Working Group”, was formed around Tellenbach. This working group recognized in the 1950s that entries in the fraternity and memorial books of the early Middle Ages were made in groups. Due to the memorial tradition (memorial books, necrology and death annals) important sources for the history of the nobility and for family research could be made accessible for the 8th to 10th centuries with few sources. This made it possible to identify the broader circle of relatives of people who are not mentioned in historiographical sources. Personal name research, which involved finding thousands of names from the sources, was a major project that could not be tackled by one person. Freiburg developed into a center for medieval research on people. In its early days, however, this approach also met the need of many young historians, who had largely returned from war and imprisonment, for supposedly apolitical and value-free science. According to Michael Borgolte, there were close connections between the interest in personal research based on liturgical memorial books and the denomination of the predominantly Catholic researchers.

The discovery of personal name research coincided with the abandonment of an approach to the Middle Ages that was more oriented towards institutions. The interest was no longer directed only to the kings and a few high aristocrats, but also to the regionally important aristocratic families, which had previously been neglected. The bearers of the political system came to the fore. The Freiburg working group concentrated its research on the Lake Constance area, where rich material was available due to the tradition of Reichenau and St. Gallen . In the personal history investigations, Joachim Wollasch and Karl Schmid particularly stood out. At Tellenbach's instigation, Wollasch devoted himself to the development of the Cluniac necrology. In 1970, in a joint effort by Tellenbach and his students Hlawitschka and Schmid, Remiremont's Liber memorialis was edited for the first time.

Science and education policy activities

German Historical Institute in Paris

In the publication Die deutsche Not als Schuld und Schicksal , immediately after the war, Tellenbach made culturally pessimistic statements not only responsible for political and economic developments for the Nazi era, but also for the renunciation of religious and moral values. The vast number of cultural offers has led to a flattening of the cultural and educational offer and to intellectual and moral disorientation.

Tellenbach therefore hoped for important impulses for the post-war period from the universities in particular. In 1946 he published the essay on self-orientation of the German university . His activity in the years that followed was driven by the belief that people should learn from history. It is the historian's task to "take responsibility for the behavior towards the past and for working on the future". Tellenbach represented a new humanist educational ideal, which provided for the training of the whole person and rejected specialized vocational training. The autonomy of the universities should be maintained; neither “special interests” nor “irrelevant motives” should influence science. However, this does not mean that universities can evade all social demands.

Tellenbach decided to become active in university politics and held a large number of offices. As rector, he introduced the Studium generale and the Colloquium politicum at his university . The University Advisory Board and the Association of Friends of the University were established in Freiburg in 1949. Professors should regularly offer lectures free of charge in the region from the Upper Rhine to Lake Constance and thus strengthen the bond with the population. He also called for more internationalism in studies and science.

At the beginning of the 1950s, plans for the establishment of a German Historical Institute in Paris were discussed again. Tellenbach supported Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer's policy of connecting with the West . With Paul Egon Hübinger and Eugen Ewig , he was one of the participants in the Franco-German historians' meeting in Speyer , which took place between 1948 and 1949 on the initiative of the French military government. There contacts were made with French colleagues who were beneficial for the later establishment of the institute. Through his membership in the Senate and his work as rector of the University of Freiburg, Tellenbach had early connections with the French military occupation. He played a key role in founding the Paris institute. With Max Braubach and Eugen Ewig, he founded the “Scientific Commission for Research into the History of Franco-German Relations” on April 2, 1957 in Mainz with the aim of “promoting scientific work in the field of middle and modern history in France and making contacts to establish or deepen between German and French historians ”. Alongside Eugen Ewig and Paul Egon Hübinger, he became one of the founding fathers of the Paris Institute, which began its work in 1958. Until 1974 he was a member of its scientific advisory board.

effect

Scientific aftermath

West German nobility research was significantly influenced by the "Tellenbach School" after the Second World War. Tellenbach's initiative is considered to be one of the most important impulses for the Monumenta Germaniae Historica in recent decades. The attempt to open up the role of the early medieval nobility with the help of the prosopographical approach also received great attention in Italy and France.

The personal history research was significant for investigations into public officials, opposition groups and individual noble families as well as kinship groups in the Franconian Empire . The starting point was the assumption that personal names can provide information about kinship and ancestry, because names and members of the name were inherited according to certain rules. This gave new impetus to the discussion of continuity issues. Karl Ferdinand Werner tried to show the continuity from the Merovingian to the Carolingian aristocracy. Analyzes of the entries in the memorial book led to considerations about the relationship between person and community in the early Middle Ages.

The “Freiburg working group” shaped numerous young scientists, including Ludwig Buisson , Josef Fleckenstein , Eduard Hlawitschka , Karl Schmid , Rolf Sprandel and Joachim Wollasch, six professors of medieval history until 1980. None of Tellenbach's medieval colleagues could show such a high number of students.

However, only Fleckenstein and Schmid continued research on the nobility. From researching the entries in the memorial book, Schmid was able to gain fundamental knowledge about the family structure of the nobility. The names of clergy and lay people recorded for prayer commemoration were regarded as important sources for the structure of the medieval ruling class. Further research provided insights into grave burials, foundations, notions of death, guild-like oath communities, and urban forms of organization in the late Middle Ages.

The Libertas book on the investiture controversy is still regarded as a standard work today and was published in 1996 as an unchanged reprint. The book has remained one of the most highly regarded products in German medieval studies in America to this day.

In Münster, a special research area “Medieval Research” was set up on monastic communities in the early 1970s , which dealt in particular with Fulda and Cluny . In addition, the project “Societas et fraternitas” was created in Münster for the edition and analysis of the entire memorial tradition. The disparate name entries in the memorial books led to a greater involvement of photographic techniques, and electronic data processing found its way more quickly than in all other areas of medieval studies. The personal names determined were recorded in a database with around 382,000 entries, which is located in Duisburg and is available for further research.

Schmid and his student Gerd Althoff were able to identify interlinked aristocratic groups within the framework of the research project "Group formation and group consciousness in the Middle Ages" in the memorial book entries of the monasteries Reichenau , St. Gallen , Fulda and the women's monastery Remiremont , which oaths political, ritual and mutual obligations manifesting structure of the Ottonian Empire were of great importance. Amicitiae , friendship alliances , became the central instrument of rule in the 10th century, convivia , common ritual meals, were the starting point for political alliances and conspiracies.

Tellenbach's other students set thematically different priorities. Rolf Sprandel examined the Hanseatic and economic history as well as the late medieval historiography. Hagen Keller researched the Italian communes, Eduard Hlawitschka dealt with genealogical studies of the nobility.

Appreciation and commemoration

On his 65th birthday in 1968, Josef Fleckenstein gave a lecture on "Gerd Tellenbach as a national and universal historian", which was published on his 70th birthday in 1973. Fleckenstein emphasized the “structure and importance of the nobility and the historical role of the medieval church” as the main research areas of his teacher. The essential advances in knowledge in medieval studies, "which established Gerd Tellenbach's scientific reputation in international science", were "a methodical refinement of genealogy" and the "expansion of personal research". In addition to the commemorative publication Adel und Kirche , which Fleckenstein and Schmid published on their 65th birthday, Reinhard Mielitz procured another commemorative publication that took into account Tellenbach's interests in didactic issues.

On the occasion of his 70th birthday, Karl Schmid described the origins, organization and working methods of the “Freiburg Working Group”. A commemorative publication was published on the 80th birthday that dealt with the Reich and the Church before the investiture controversy. In addition, the 131st volume of the magazine for the history of the Upper Rhine was dedicated to Tellenbach . As a gift for his 85th birthday, Karl Schmid published the volume Vita Walfredi und Kloster Monteverdi , initially published in 1988 as a preprint in Freiburg im Breisgau . On his 90th birthday, his student Hagen Keller sketched Tellenbach's work in the history of the 20th century in his early medieval studies . On his 95th birthday, Wollasch praised the medievalist in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung as one of the “outstanding historians of our century”. He was characterized by "the strictest methodological awareness" and he was concerned with "the anthropological view of history".

In 1999, an academic memorial service was held at the University of Freiburg in memory of Tellenbach. A few weeks after his 100th birthday, his academic work and scientific oeuvre were recognized in a series of lectures at the University of Freiburg in October 2003. The work was examined by Hagen Keller, Otto Gerhard Oexle , Joachim Wollasch and Hansmartin Schwarzmaier from the perspective of the imperial, regional and universal European perspectives. Dieter Mertens , Hubert Mordek and Thomas Zotz edited four of Tellenbach's contributions from the estate.

Fonts

  • Hermann Diener: List of publications by Gerd Tellenbach. In: Josef Fleckenstein , Karl Schmid (Ed.): Nobility and Church. Gerd Tellenbach for his 65th birthday presented by friends and students. Herder, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1968, pp. 581-587.
  • Selected treatises and essays. 5 volumes. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1988–1996, ISBN 3-7772-8820-9 .
  • The Western Church from the 10th to the early 12th centuries. (= The Church in its History. Volume 2, Delivery F, 1). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1988, ISBN 3-525-52324-6 , (digitized version) .
  • From remembered contemporary history. Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1981, ISBN 3-923263-00-7 .
  • The Sibylline Prize. Writings and speeches on university policy 1946–1963. Edited by Reinhard Mielitz. Albert, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1963.
  • as editor: studies and preliminary work on the history of the Greater Franconian and early German nobility (= research on the history of the Upper Rhine region. Vol. 4, ISSN  0532-2197 ). Albert, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1957.
  • The emergence of the German Empire. On the development of the Frankish and German states in the 9th and 10th centuries. Callwey, Munich 1940 (3rd edition. Rinn, Munich 1943).
  • Royalty and tribes in the time the German Empire came into being. (= Sources and studies on the constitutional history of the German Empire in the Middle Ages and Modern Times. Vol. 7, H. 4, ISSN  0863-0836 ). Böhlau, Weimar 1939.
  • Libertas. Church and world order in the age of the investiture controversy (= research on church and intellectual history. Vol. 7). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1936 (also: Heidelberg, phil., Habil.-Schr., 1932), (reprint: Kohlhammer, Stuttgart et al. 1996, ISBN 3-17-014072-8 ).

literature

  • Academic celebration in memory of former rector Professor Dr. Dr. hc mult. Gerd Tellenbach, held on November 19, 1999. In: Freiburger Universitätsblätter. Vol. 147, (2000), ISSN  0016-0717 , pp. 85-111.
  • Michael Borgolte : Memoria. Interim assessment of a medieval project. In: Journal of History . Vol. 46, (1998), pp. 197-210.
  • Michael Borgolte: Gerd Tellenbach (* 1903) Libertas. Church and world order in the age of the investiture dispute. In: Volker Reinhardt (Ed.): Main works of historiography. License issue. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2003, pp. 626–629.
  • Arnold Esch : Obituary Gerd Tellenbach. In: Sources and research from Italian archives and libraries . Vol. 79, (1999), ISSN  0079-9068 , pp. XXXV-XXXVIII. ( Digitized version )
  • Josef Fleckenstein: Gerd Tellenbach as a national and universal historian. In: Sources and research from Italian archives and libraries. Vol. 53, (1973), pp. 1-15 ( digitized version ).
  • Josef Fleckenstein: Strictly, not tightly. Medievalist Gerd Tellenbach turns ninety years old. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . September 17, 1993, No. 216, p. 35.
  • Horst Fuhrmann : Gerd Tellenbach September 17, 1903 - June 12, 1999. In: Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Yearbook 2000. Munich 2001, pp. 309-315 ( digitized version ).
  • Andre Gutmann: Networks in action - Gerd Tellenbach's path to an appointment at the University of Freiburg i. Br. 1939 and 1943/44. In: Erik Beck, Eva-Maria Butz (Ed.): From group and community to actor and network? Network research in national history. Festschrift for Alfons Zettler on his 60th birthday. (= Freiburg contributions to the history of the Middle Ages. Vol. 3). Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2019, ISBN 978-3-7995-8552-1 , pp. 119–144.
  • Eduard Hlawitschka: About the beginnings of occupation with the Libri Memoriales in Gerd Tellenbach's “Freiburg working group”. Memories of a party. In: Writings of the Sudeten German Academy of Sciences and Arts. Vol. 35 (2015), pp. 177-191 ( online ).
  • Jörg-Peter Jatho, Gerd Simon : Giessen historian in the Third Reich. Focus Verlag, Giessen 2008, ISBN 978-3-88349-522-4 , p. 60 f.
  • Hagen Keller : The work of Gerd Tellenbach in the history of our century. In: Early Medieval Studies . Vol. 28, (1994), pp. 374-397.
  • Hagen Keller: The steadfast one. On the death of Medievalist Gerd Tellenbach. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. June 19, 1999, No. 139, p. 46.
  • Wilhelm Köhler: Middle Ages and Contemporary History. A letter from Gerd Tellenbach from July 18, 1936. In: Patrik Mähling (Ed.): Orientation for life. Church education and politics in the late Middle Ages, Reformation and modern times. Festschrift for Manfred Schulze on his 65th birthday (= work on historical and systematic theology. Vol. 13). Lit, Berlin et al. 2010, ISBN 978-3-643-10092-4 , pp. 309-326.
  • Dieter Mertens, Hubert Mordek, Thomas Zotz (eds.): Gerd Tellenbach. (1903-1999). A medievalist of the 20th century. Lectures on the occasion of his 100th birthday in Freiburg i. Br. On October 24, 2003. Rombach, Freiburg (Breisgau) et al. 2005, ISBN 3-7930-5009-2 .
  • Anne Christine Nagel : Gerd Tellenbach. Science and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): The German Historical Institute Paris and its founding fathers. A personal history approach (= Paris historical studies. Vol. 86). Oldenbourg, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-58519-3 , pp. 79-99 ( online ).
  • Anne Christine Nagel: Medieval History. In: Eckhard Wirbelauer (ed.): The Freiburg Philosophical Faculty 1920–1960. Members - Structures - Networking (= Freiburg contributions to the history of science and universities. NF Vol. 1). Alber, Freiburg (Breisgau) 2006, ISBN 3-495-49604-1 , pp. 387-410.
  • Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945-1970 (= forms of memory. Vol. 24). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-525-35583-1 , pp. 145–155, (at the same time: Gießen, Universität, habilitation paper, 2003), ( review ).
  • Otto Gerhard Oexle :  Tellenbach, Gerd. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 26, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-428-11207-5 , pp. 15-17 ( digitized version ).
  • Rudolf Schieffer : Obituary Gerd Tellenbach. In: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages . Vol. 56, (2000), pp. 409-411. ( Digitized version )
  • Karl Schmid: The “Freiburg Working Group”. Gerd Tellenbach on his 70th birthday. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine . Vol. 122, (1974), pp. 331-347.
  • Hansmartin Schwarzmaier : A Scholarly Life of the 20th Century. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine. Vol. 148, (2000), pp. 393-396.
  • Joachim Wollasch : The historian as an anthropologist. For Gerd Tellenbach's ninety-fifth birthday. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . September 17, 1998, No. 216, p. 46.
  • Joachim Wollasch: Gerd Tellenbach. In: Fred Ludwig Sepaintner (Hrsg.): Baden-Württembergische Biographien. Volume 4. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-17-019951-4 , pp. 366-368.
  • Thomas Zotz : German Medievalists and Europe. The Freiburg historians Theodor Mayer and Gerd Tellenbach in the “war mission” and in the post-war period. In: Bernd Martin (Ed.): The Second World War and its consequences. Events, effects, reflections (= Rombach Sciences. Series: Historiae. Vol. 19). Rombach, Freiburg (Breisgau) et al. 2006, ISBN 3-7930-9458-8 , pp. 31-50.
  • Thomas Zotz: Tellenbach, Gerd. In: Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia . Volume 9: Schlumberger - Thiersch. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Saur, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-598-25039-2 , pp. 884-885.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Joachim Wollasch: Gerd Tellenbach. In: Baden-Württembergische Biographien, edited by Fred Ludwig Sepaintner, Stuttgart 2007, pp. 366–368, here: p. 366.
  2. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: From remembered contemporary history. Freiburg i. Br. 1981, pp. 19-22.
  3. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: The episcopal monasteries and their governors. Berlin 1928, reprint Vaduz 1965.
  4. ↑ Rudolf Schieffer: Obituary Gerd Tellenbach. In: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages , Vol. 56 (2000), pp. 409–411, here: p. 410.
  5. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: From remembered contemporary history. Freiburg i. Br. 1981, p. 25.
  6. ^ Gerd Tellenbach: Church, State and Christian Society at the Time of the Investiture Contest , translated by Ralph F. Bennett. Oxford 1940, reprinted 1948, 1959 and Toronto 1991.
  7. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: Gerd Tellenbach. Science and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): The German Historical Institute Paris and its founding fathers. A personal history approach. Munich 2007, pp. 79-99, here: p. 84 ( online ).
  8. ^ According to Anne Christine Nagel: Gerd Tellenbach. Science and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): The German Historical Institute Paris and its founding fathers. A personal history approach. Munich 2007, pp. 79-99, here: p. 84 ( online ).
  9. ↑ Quoted from: Anne Christine Nagel: Gerd Tellenbach. Science and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): The German Historical Institute Paris and its founding fathers. A personal history approach. Munich 2007, pp. 79-99, here: p. 85 ( online ).
  10. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: Gerd Tellenbach. Science and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): The German Historical Institute Paris and its founding fathers. A personal history approach. Munich 2007, pp. 79-99, here: p. 85 ( online ).
  11. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: Gerd Tellenbach. Science and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): The German Historical Institute Paris and its founding fathers. A personal history approach. Munich 2007, pp. 79-99, here: p. 85 ( online ).
  12. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: From remembered contemporary history. Freiburg i.Br. 1981, p. 41.
  13. ^ Thomas Zotz: German Medievalists and Europe. The Freiburg historians Theodor Mayer and Gerd Tellenbach in the “war mission” and in the post-war period. In: Bernd Martin (Ed.): The Second World War and its consequences. Events, effects, reflections. Freiburg 2006, pp. 31–50, here: p. 42.
  14. ↑ The original of the letter is printed in: Gerd Tellenbach: The three listeners of a Heidelberg lecture "Introduction to the Latin Palaeography of the Middle Ages" in the summer semester of 1933. In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins , Vol. 146 (1998), p. 552 –557, here: p. 557.
  15. ↑ Katja Fausser: History in National Socialism. A contribution to the history of the historical institutes of the University of Münster 1933–1945. Münster 2000, p. 68.
  16. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: From remembered contemporary history. Freiburg i.Br. 1981, p. 42.
  17. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: From remembered contemporary history. Freiburg i.Br. 1981, p. 45.
  18. ↑ This emphasizes: Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 147.
  19. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 147.
  20. ^ Joachim Wollasch: Gerd Tellenbach. In: Baden-Württembergische Biographien, edited by Fred Ludwig Sepaintner, Stuttgart 2007, pp. 366–368, here: p. 367.
  21. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: Gerd Tellenbach. Science and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): The German Historical Institute Paris and its founding fathers. A personal history approach. Munich 2007, pp. 79-99, here: p. 87 ( online ).
  22. ↑ The quotations from: Anne Christine Nagel: Gerd Tellenbach. Science and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): The German Historical Institute Paris and its founding fathers. A personal history approach. Munich 2007, pp. 79-99, here: p. 85 ( online ).
  23. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: From remembered contemporary history. Freiburg i. Br. 1981, p. 59. On Tellenbach in Münster cf. Katja Fausser: History in National Socialism. A contribution to the history of the historical institutes of the University of Münster 1933–1945 . Münster 2000, pp. 67-71.
  24. ^ Karl Schmid: The Freiburg working group '. Gerd Tellenbach on his 70th birthday. In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins , Vol. 122 (1974), pp. 331–347, here: p. 333.
  25. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: Gerd Tellenbach. Science and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): The German Historical Institute Paris and its founding fathers. A personal history approach. Munich 2007, pp. 79-99, here: pp. 89-91 ( online ).
  26. ↑ Andre Gutmann: Networks in action - Gerd Tellenbach's path to an appointment at the University of Freiburg i. Br. 1939 and 1943/44. In: Erik Beck, Eva-Maria Butz (Ed.): From group and community to actor and network? Network research in national history. Festschrift for Alfons Zettler on his 60th birthday. Ostfildern 2019, pp. 119–144, here: pp. 131–144.
  27. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: Medieval History. In: Eckhard Wirbelauer (ed.): The Freiburg Philosophical Faculty 1920–1960. Members - structures - networks. Freiburg i. Br. 2006, pp. 387-410, here: p. 396.
  28. ↑ Eckhard Wirbelauer: On the situation of ancient history between 1945 and 1948. Materials from the Freiburg University Archives II . In: Freiburger Universitätsblätter 154 (December 2001) pp. 119–162, here: p. 121.
  29. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: From remembered contemporary history. Freiburg i. Br. 1981, p. 98.
  30. ^ Otto Gerhard Oexle: Gerd Tellenbach's Paths to a History of Europe. In: Dieter Mertens et al. (Ed.): Gerd Tellenbach (1903–1999). A medievalist of the 20th century. Lectures on the occasion of his 100th birthday in Freiburg i. Br. On October 24, 2003. Freiburg i. Br. Et al. 2005, pp. 53–64, here: p. 60.
  31. ↑ "Instead of reflecting on the intellectual responsibility of the historian, instruction is given in large coins." Anne Christine Nagel says: Gerd Tellenbach. Science and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): The German Historical Institute Paris and its founding fathers. A personal history approach. Munich 2007, pp. 79-99, here: p. 93 ( online ).
  32. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: Gerd Tellenbach. Science and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): The German Historical Institute Paris and its founding fathers. A personal history approach. Munich 2007, pp. 79–99, here: p. 90 ( online ).
  33. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: On the importance of person research for the knowledge of the early Middle Ages. (Freiburg Rector's speech on May 4, 1957) (= Freiburg University Speeches . NF Bd. 25, ZDB -ID 501318-5 ). Schulz, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1957.
  34. ↑ Gerd Althoff: The Middle Ages picture of the Germans before and after 1945. A sketch. In: Paul-Joachim Heinig (Ed.): Empire, regions and Europe in the Middle Ages and modern times. Festschrift for Peter Moraw. Berlin 2000, pp. 731-749, here: pp. 740-741.
  35. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: The importance of the reform papacy for the unification of the West. In: Studi gregoriani per la storia di Gregorio VII e della riforma gregoriana. Vol. 2, (1947), ZDB -ID 501318-5 , pp. 125-149 (reprinted in: Selected treatises and essays. Volume 3. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-7772-8823-3 , pp. 999– 1023).
  36. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: On the coexistence of occidental peoples in the Middle Ages. In: Richard Nürnberger (Hrsg.): Festschrift for Gerhard Ritter on his 60th birthday. Mohr, Tübingen 1950, pp. 1-60 (reprinted in: Selected treatises and essays. Volume 2. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-7772-8822-5 , pp. 710-769).
  37. ^ Gerd Tellenbach: Europe in the age of the Carolingians. In: Historia Mundi. A handbook of world history in ten volumes , Vol. 5, Bern 1956, pp. 393-450, 506-509; Empire, papacy and Europe in the high Middle Ages. In: Historia Mundi. A handbook of world history in ten volumes , Vol. 6, Bern 1958, pp. 9-103, 597-603.
  38. ^ Karl Schmid: The Freiburg working group '. Gerd Tellenbach on his 70th birthday. In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins , Vol. 122 (1974), pp. 331–347, here: p. 333.
  39. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 154.
  40. ^ Karl Schmid: The Freiburg working group '. Gerd Tellenbach on his 70th birthday. In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins , Vol. 122 (1974), pp. 331–347, here: p. 334.
  41. ↑ Rudolf Schieffer: Obituary Gerd Tellenbach. In: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages , Vol. 56 (2000), pp. 409–411, here: p. 410.
  42. ^ Horst Fuhrmann: Gerd Tellenbach 9/17/1903 - 6/12/1999. In: Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Jahrbuch 2000. München 2001, pp. 309-315, here: p. 315 ( online ).
  43. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: The Sibylline Prize. Writings and speeches on university policy 1946–1963. Published by Reinhard Mielitz, Freiburg 1963.
  44. ^ Arnold Esch: Research in Tuscany. In: Reinhard Elze, Arnold Esch (ed.): The German Historical Institute in Rome 1888–1988. Tübingen 1990, pp. 191-209, here: p. 204.
  45. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: From remembered contemporary history. Freiburg 1981, p. 27f.
  46. ^ The Church in Western Europe from the Tenth to the Early Twelfth Century . Translated by Timothy Reuter, Cambridge 1993.
  47. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: The character of Emperor Heinrich IV. At the same time an attempt on the recognizability of human individuality in the high Middle Ages. In: Gerd Althoff et al. (Hrsg.): Person and community in the Middle Ages. Karl Schmid on his sixty-fifth birthday. Sigmaringen 1988, pp. 345-367.
  48. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: Thoughts on the 'Roma aeterna'. In: Wolfgang Altgeld, Michael Pillower, Joachim Scholtysek (Hrsg.): People, ideas, events in the middle of Europe. Festschrift for Rudolf Lill for his 65th birthday , Konstanz 1999, pp. 9–23.
  49. ^ Gerd Tellenbach: Libertas. Church and world order in the age of the investiture controversy. Stuttgart 1936, p. 193.
  50. ↑ The quotations summarized according to: Otto Gerhard Oexle: Gerd Tellenbach's Paths to a History of Europe. In: Dieter Mertens et al. (Ed.): Gerd Tellenbach (1903–1999). A medievalist of the 20th century. Lectures on the occasion of his 100th birthday in Freiburg i. Br. On October 24, 2003. Freiburg i. Br. Et al. 2005, pp. 53–64, here: p. 54.
  51. ^ Ludger Körntgen: Ottonen and Salier. Darmstadt 2002, p. 89.
  52. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: Gerd Tellenbach's work on medieval imperial history in the historical discourse of the time of its creation. In: Dieter Mertens et al. (Ed.): Gerd Tellenbach (1903–1999). A medievalist of the 20th century. Lectures on the occasion of his 100th birthday in Freiburg i. Br. On October 24, 2003. Freiburg i. Br. Et al. 2005, pp. 25-38.
  53. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: When did the German Empire come into being? In: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages , Vol. 6 (1943), pp. 1–41.
  54. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: The indivisibility of the empire. In: Historische Zeitschrift, Vol. 163 (1941), pp. 20–42.
  55. ^ Karl Schmid: The problem of the "indivisibility of the empire". In the S. (Ed.): Empire and Church before the Investiture Controversy. Lectures at the scientific colloquium on the occasion of Gerd Tellenbach's eightieth birthday. Sigmaringen 1985, pp. 1-15.
  56. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: Gerd Tellenbach. Science and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): The German Historical Institute Paris and its founding fathers. A personal history approach. Munich 2007, pp. 79-99, here: p. 88 ( online ).
  57. ↑ Quotations from: Michael Borgolte: Social history of the Middle Ages. A research balance sheet after German reunification. Munich 1996, pp. 194-195.
  58. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: Kings and tribes in the time of the German Empire. Weimar 1939, pp. 41-42.
  59. ↑ Michael Borgolte: Social history of the Middle Ages. A research balance sheet after German reunification. Munich 1996, p. 192.
  60. ^ Werner Hechberger: Nobility, ministerialism and knighthood in the Middle Ages. Munich 2004, pp. 69-70.
  61. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: Medieval History. In: Eckhard Wirbelauer (ed.): The Freiburg Philosophical Faculty 1920–1960. Members - structures - networks. Freiburg i.Br. 2006, pp. 387-411, here: p. 405.
  62. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: From the Carolingian imperial nobility to the German imperial princes. In: Theodor Mayer (Hrsg.): Nobility and farmers in the German state of the Middle Ages. Leipzig 1943, ND Darmstadt 1967, pp. 22-73.
  63. ^ Hans-Werner Goetz: Modern Medieval Studies. Status and perspectives of medieval research. Darmstadt 1999, pp. 158-159.
  64. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 152.
  65. ↑ Michael Borgolte: Memoria. Interim assessment of a medieval project. In: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswwissenschaft , Vol. 46 (1998), pp. 197-210, here: p. 200.
  66. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 149.
  67. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach, Eduard Hlawitschka, Karl Schmid (Berab.): Liber Memorialis von Remiremont, 1st part: Textband (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Libri memoriales, T 1.1), Zurich 1970.
  68. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 145.
  69. ↑ Gerd Tellenbach: From remembered contemporary history. Freiburg i.Br. 1981, p. 110.
  70. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: Gerd Tellenbach. Science and Politics in the 20th Century. In: Ulrich Pfeil (Ed.): The German Historical Institute Paris and its founding fathers. A personal history approach. Munich 2007, pp. 79-99, here: p. 95 ( online ).
  71. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 236.
  72. ^ Undated report by Prof. Dr. Eugen Ewig [end of 1958] printed. In: Ulrich Pfeil: Prehistory and foundation of the German Historical Institute Paris. Presentation and documentation. Instrumenta, Volume 17. Ostfildern 2007, p. 447.
  73. ↑ Rudolf Schieffer: Obituary Gerd Tellenbach. In: German Archive for Research into the Middle Ages , Vol. 56 (2000), pp. 409–411.
  74. ↑ See Paola Guglielmotti: Esperienze di ricerca e problemi di metodo negli studi di Karl Schmid sulla nobiltà medievale. In: Annali dell'istituto storico italo-germanico di Trento , Vol. 13 (1987), pp. 209-269.
  75. ^ Werner Hechberger: Nobility, ministerialism and knighthood in the Middle Ages. Munich 2004, p. 75.
  76. ^ Karl Schmid: About the relationship between person and community in the early Middle Ages. In: Frühmittelalterliche Studien , Vol. 1 (1967), pp. 225–249.
  77. ^ Anne Christine Nagel: In the shadow of the Third Reich. Medieval research in the Federal Republic of Germany 1945–1970. Göttingen 2005, p. 154.
  78. ^ Hans-Werner Goetz: Modern Medieval Studies. Status and perspectives of medieval research. Darmstadt 1999, p. 161.
  79. ↑ See on this work Michael Borgolte: Gerd Tellenbach (* 1903) Libertas. Church and world order in the age of the investiture dispute. In: Volker Reinhardt (Ed.): Main works of historiography. Stuttgart 1997, pp. 626-629.
  80. ↑ See Edward Peters: More Trouble With Henry: The Historiography of Medieval Germany in the Angloliterate World, 1888-1995. In: Central European History 28 (1995), pp. 47-72, here pp. 54-57; Rudolf Schieffer: Interpretations of the investiture dispute. In: Florian Hartmann (Ed.): Letter and Communication in Transition. Media, Authors, and Contexts in the Debates of the Investiture Controversy. Cologne et al. 2016, pp. 23–42, here: p. 32.
  81. ^ Karl Schmid, Joachim Wollasch: Societas et Fraternitas. Justification of an annotated source work to research the people and groups of people of the Middle Ages. In: Frühmittelalterliche Studien , Vol. 9 (1975), pp. 1-48.
  82. ^ Hans-Werner Goetz: Modern Medieval Studies. Status and perspectives of medieval research. Darmstadt 1999, p. 160 note 428.
  83. ^ Josef Fleckenstein: Gerd Tellenbach as a national and universal historian. In: Sources and research from Italian archives and libraries , Vol. 53 (1973), pp. 1–15, here: p. 3.
  84. ^ Josef Fleckenstein: Gerd Tellenbach as a national and universal historian. In: Sources and research from Italian archives and libraries , Vol. 53 (1973), pp. 1–15, here: pp. 3–4.
  85. ↑ Reinhard Mielitz (ed.): The teaching of history. Methods of teaching history in schools and universities. Goettingen 1969.
  86. ^ Karl Schmid: The Freiburg working group '. Gerd Tellenbach on his 70th birthday. In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Vol. 122 (1974), pp. 331–347.
  87. ^ Karl Schmid: Empire and Church before the investiture dispute. Lectures at the scientific colloquium on the occasion of Gerd Tellenbach's 80th birthday. Sigmaringen 1985.
  88. ^ Karl Schmid (ed.): Vita Walfredi and Monteverdi Monastery. Tuscan monasticism between Lombard and Frankish rule. Presentation of the Freiburg Tuscany Seminar to Gerd Tellenbach on his 85th birthday on September 17, 1988. Tübingen 1991.
  89. ↑ Hagen Keller: The work of Gerd Tellenbach in the history of our century. In: Frühmittelalterliche Studien , Vol. 28 (1994), pp. 374-397.
  90. ↑ Joachim Wollasch: The historian as an anthropologist. For Gerd Tellenbach's ninety-fifth birthday. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , September 17, 1998, No. 216, p. 46.
  91. ↑ Middle Ages and the Present. Four contributions, edited from the estate by Dieter Mertens, Hubert Mordek and Thomas Zotz, Freiburg 2003.
predecessor Office successor
Constantin von Dietze Rector of the University of Freiburg
1948–1949 		Friedrich Oehlkers
predecessor Office successor
Ernst von Caemmerer Rector of the University of Freiburg
1957–1958 		Anton Vögtle
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on October 13, 2012 in this version .
personal data
SURNAME Tellenbach, Gerd
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tellenbach, Gerd Leo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian
DATE OF BIRTH 17th September 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Groß-Lichterfelde
DATE OF DEATH June 12, 1999
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau