HM

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H&M Hennes & Mauritz AB

logo
legal form Aktiebolag (stock corporation)
ISIN SE0000106270
founding 4th October 1947
Seat Stockholm , SwedenSwedenSweden 
management Helena Helmersson ( CEO )
Number of employees 161,000 (2016)
sales 209 billion crowns (20.5 billion euros ) (2015)
Branch Fashion and cosmetics
Website www.hm.com

H&M branch in Munich
Interior of an H&M shop

H & M (short for H & M ) is a Swedish textile trade companies from Stockholm . H&M sells clothing , accessories and shoes for women, men and children as well as home accessories through stores and the online shop . For Group belong since 2007 to corporate acquisitions more brands that are distributed partly through stores.

Company history

Erling Persson traveled to the USA in 1946 and came back with the idea of ​​selling cheap clothing. On October 4, 1947, he opened his first “Hennes” store in Västerås, Sweden, selling women's clothing. Hennes is Swedish and means “for them”, “theirs”.

In 1968 the hunting clothing retailer Mauritz Widforss was taken over, which had men's clothing in its range, which resulted in the addition of a men's collection to the range and the name change to Hennes & Mauritz .

In 1998 the company succeeded in acquiring the Internet domain HM.com .

In 2008, the H&M Group initially took over 60 percent of the shares in the Swedish fashion company Fabric Scandinavien AB. In 2010, H&M took over the remaining 40% and paid a total of 552 million Swedish kronor (approx. 62 million euros) for the acquisition . The former fabric brands Monki , Cheap Monday and Weekday were transferred to the H&M Group and exist there as independent brands.

activity

Hennes & Mauritz is a textile trading company that sells clothing for women, men and children in 59 countries, as well as in Hong Kong and Macau . Shoes, cosmetics and decorative items are also offered. The goods are designed by in-house designers and manufactured by around 700 producers in 20 countries.

The main distribution channel is via rented shops in the city center. In Scandinavia, the Netherlands , Germany , Austria , Great Britain , Italy , Spain , France , USA and China , H&M offers online shopping . In August 2014, the H&M online shops for Italy, Spain and the Balearic Islands were opened. In 2015 online shops were opened in nine other European countries: in Belgium , Bulgaria , Poland , Portugal , Romania , Slovakia , Russia and the Czech Republic . An online shop was launched in Switzerland in autumn 2015 . On March 31, 2016, additional H&M online shops were opened in Croatia , Estonia , Latvia , Lithuania , Slovenia , Luxembourg and Ireland ; H&M is represented with online shops in 30 markets.

The company motto is "fashion and quality at the best price". Marketing , location of shops and collections are reminiscent of designer shop concepts. The American organization “Clean Production Action” honored H&M in 2006 for efforts to replace chemicals and health-friendly production methods.

In 2013 there were around 3,100 branches in 53 countries, including 346 in Germany in 202 cities. In Switzerland there are 66 branches in 43 cities and in Austria there are 72 branches in 35 cities. A total of around 132,000 people are employed. In 2018 there were 94 branches in Switzerland.

Around a quarter of sales are made in Germany, making Germany the company's most important market. The first German branch opened in Hamburg in 1980 ; H&M began in Switzerland in 1978 and in Austria in 1994. In October 2007, the legal form of the German company was completed from the GmbH to H&M Hennes & Mauritz BV & Co. KG.

Another quarter of sales is generated in Western Europe (France, Great Britain and the Benelux countries). Almost a fifth of sales in 2007 came from the Scandinavian part of Europe. Almost a tenth of sales come from Switzerland and Austria in almost equal parts . Southern Europe (Italy, Spain and Portugal) contributes one twelfth as much to sales as the North American area with the United States and Canada . There are other H&M stores in Eastern Europe (sales share around three percent) as well as Shanghai and Hong Kong . In the Middle East, H&M is establishing itself through franchising agreements. The income from this has so far been less than one percent of annual sales. In June 2008, H&M entered the African continent with a store in Cairo , also in a franchise process . H & M's expansion continued on September 13, 2008 with the opening of the first store in Japan . In November 2008, H&M opened the second Tokyo store in the Harajuku fashion district in cooperation with guest designer Rei Kawakubo . In December 2011 the first store in Casablanca (Morocco) was opened in the Morocco Mall. In January 2013 the first branch in South America was opened in Santiago de Chile in the Costanera Center Providencia (Chile) .

At the beginning of 2017, H&M is represented worldwide with over 4,300 stores in 64 countries; Online trading is offered in 35 countries.

Corporate structure

The major sales countries are divided into "areas" within the company; In the areas, the shops are controlled by an "area team". In the sales countries, a "Country Team" works in a " Support Office" that forms the interface between the sales areas and the company headquarters. The German “Support Office” is located in Hamburg, as is the German “ Distribution Center”.

The management team of a store consists of the “Store Manager” and “Department Managers” who are responsible for the individual departments. In addition, there are “visual merchandisers” who are entrusted with the presentation of goods, “shop controllers” for cash accounting and time recording, etc., as well as warehouse managers for receiving goods, unpacking, etc. Sales employees are called “sales advisors”.

The share with WKN  872318 and ISIN  SE0000106270 is traded on the Stockholm Stock Exchange.

production

H&M does not have its own production facilities, but has the goods mainly produced in Asia.

In East Asia, production takes place in China, Cambodia, Indonesia, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. Further locations are in South Asia in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. A smaller proportion of production is in Europe, North Africa and Turkey. In North Africa, it is produced in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. Exact proportions of total production are not known.

According to the 2011 sustainability report, 747 manufacturers produce for H&M. 150 of these are listed as long-term partners, from whom 58% of the goods are purchased. Around 60 of these long-term partners were each active in East and South Asia, 30 in Europe, North Africa and Turkey. A total of 1652 factories worldwide produced for H&M by partners. 392 of them are mentioned as key factories, which contribute 52% of the total production and of which 186 are located in Asia.

Brands

H&M logo in Hamburg
H&M in Vienna, formerly E. Braun & Co.

HM

Under this brand, clothing and accessories for women, men and children in the lower to medium price segment have been sold in H&M stores since the 1970s (previously the brand was called Hennes or Hennes & Mauritz ). H&M sub-brands include Divided (youthful women’s and men’s fashion), LOGG (leisure wear), & denim (jeans), H & M + (large women’s sizes), MAMA (maternity wear ), Trend (upscale fashion collections), Basics (underwear), Conscious (sustainable produced items), Premium Quality (higher quality materials), H&M Edition (upscale men's collection, since 2017), H&M Studio (six-month designer collection) and by H&M (cosmetics). The business fashion brands Hennes (women) and Conwell (men) have been discontinued. The H&M Home brand was introduced for the living area in 2009 and was initially only available online. Since 2018, H&M Home products have also been available in shops.

At the end of 2017, H&M started outfitting stores in London and Stockholm with cafes called It's Pleat . For 2019, H&M announced the redesign of the stores, which were previously often overloaded with goods, into more modern and customer-friendly shopping locations with cafes and external brands in the range.

Special collections In November 2004, H&M presented a collaborative collection for the first time with an internationally known fashion designer. Since then, designer collections from H&M and well-known designer fashion brands, which are priced slightly or significantly higher than the rest of the H&M range, but still well below the level of the actual designer brand, have been available exclusively in the H&M branches and since At the end of the 2000s it was also offered in its own online shop. For this purpose, H&M has its own suppliers produce high volumes of the articles designed by the designers at low manufacturing costs. The collections, which are limited in number and offer period, have in the past triggered a great deal of media interest and led to queues in front of the H&M branches. The company had to develop admission concepts in order to cope with the number of customers.

  • Karl Lagerfeld (November 2004) - clothing and accessories for women and men
  • Elio Fiorucci (Spring 2005) - 100-piece collection with women's fashion and accessories. The cooperation took place with the designer Elio Fiorucci. The fashion brand Fiorucci , which he founded in 1967 and which he sold to the Japanese jeans manufacturer EDWIN in 1989, was not involved. Due to legal disputes with EDWIN, the collection was not sold in the USA, for example.
  • Stella McCartney (November 2005) - women's clothing and accessories collection
  • Viktor & Rolf (November 2006) - fifty-piece collection for women and men
  • Roberto Cavalli (2007) - twenty men's and 25 women's articles under the motto “roberto cavalli @ H&M”. A Cavalli women's dress worth 299 euros, made from eight meters of pleated gold lamé , was only available worldwide. It was one of the most expensive items of clothing the Swedish fashion chain had sold in their stores up to that point.
  • Comme des Garçons (2008) - clothing and accessories for women and men
  • Matthew Williamson (2009) - Women's clothing, swimwear and accessories.
  • Jimmy Choo (2009) - clothing, shoes and accessories for women and, to a lesser extent, men
  • Sonia Rykiel (2009) - women's and girls' clothing, accessories and underwear
  • Lanvin (2010) - clothing and accessories for women and men
  • Versace (2011) - clothing and accessories for women and men under the motto The Very Best of Versace for H&M
  • Marni (spring 2012) - clothing and accessories for women and men
  • Maison Martin Margiela (November 2012) - “Best of Margiela” collection with clothing and accessories for women and men at retail prices of up to 299 euros
  • Isabel Marant (November 2013) - clothing and accessories for women and men
  • Alexander Wang (November 2014) - clothing and accessories for women and men
  • Balmain (November 2015) - Apparel and accessories for women and men
  • Kenzo (November 2016) - clothing and accessories for women and men
  • Erdem (November 2017) - clothing and accessories for women and men
  • Moschino (November 2018) - clothing and accessories for women and men

In addition to the designer collaborations, two charity collections appear annually : the Fashion Against Aids collection for the benefit of Aids Aid and the WaterAid Collection, which, in cooperation with WaterAid , is intended to help provide access to clean drinking water worldwide. The Conscious Collection is a recurring collection in which H&M focuses on sustainability with recycled materials.

In addition, H&M cooperates with other famous personalities:

  • Madonna (Spring 2007) - fashion collection designed by Madonna
  • Kylie Minogue (Summer 2007) - H&M loves Kylie swimwear collection from the Australian pop singer. Ten percent of the proceeds from the collection went to the WaterAid organization, which helps to provide people in the poverty-stricken regions of Africa and Asia with clean drinking water.
  • Fashion Against Aids (2008–2012) - T-shirts designed by celebrities with slogan prints, including Rihanna, Chicks on Speed, Jade Jagger, Katharine Hamnett, Rufus Wainwright, Scissor Sisters, The Cardigans, Tiga, Timbaland, Ziggy Marley, Dita By Teese, Katy Perry, Cyndi Lauper, Yoko Ono, Moby, Katharine Hamnett, Tokio Hotel , Selma Blair, Penn Badgley, Keri Hilson, Sky Ferreira, Akon, Nikki Reed, Ginnifer Goodwin, Scissor Sisters, Shiloh Fernandez and others.
  • Anna Dello Russo (Italian Vogue Editor) (October 2012) - shoes and accessories for women
  • Cro (April 2013) - clothing and accessories for women and men
  • Beyoncé Knowles (Summer 2013) - swimwear and summer clothing for women

Since June 2007 the computer game The Sims 2 has its own accessory pack from H&M. This was commissioned by H&M itself and contains many items of clothing and typical components of the company.

COS

  • COS LOGO.jpg
  • Weekday Logo.jpg
  • & Other Stories logo.png
  • ARKET.png
  • Afound logo.jpg
  • Nyden logo.png

COS (short for: Collection Of Style ) is a 2007 lanciertes fashion concept H & M in the upper price and quality segment, it is the national company Hennes Ltd. based in London ( United Kingdom ). With COS, the Hennes & Mauritz group is trying to gain a foothold in the area of ​​medium-priced, high-quality women's and men's clothing as well as children's fashion (since 2010) and accessories. COS is not a subsidiary or a company, just a fashion concept from H&M. Clothing, accessories and shoes from the COS brand are offered for sale via a dedicated network of COS branches, which are clearly different from the H&M branches, as well as via their own COS online shop. The first shop based on the COS concept opened on March 16, 2007 in London. At the end of March 2007, the first COS stores followed in Germany ( Hamburg , Berlin , Düsseldorf and Munich ). In 2012 there were a total of 55 COS stores in Europe, Asia ( China and Hong Kong ) and the Middle East ( Kuwait ), 12 of them in nine German cities alone. In 2015, COS was represented fifteen times in Germany: four times in Berlin, twice in Munich and once each in Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main , Hamburg, Hanover , Cologne , Kassel , Mannheim , Münster , Nuremberg and Stuttgart . One branch opened in Bonn and Wiesbaden by the end of 2016 . In Austria , COS is represented three times in Vienna and once in Graz and Innsbruck in 2015 , in Switzerland (as of 2018) twice in Zurich and in Geneva , as well as once in Basel and Lausanne .

Monki

The youthfully unconventional women's brand Monki has been part of the H&M Group with clothing and accessories since 2008 . Monki was founded in 2005 and opened three stores in Stockholm in 2006. Monki stores now have their own in China, Denmark, Germany, Austria, Finland, France, Hong Kong, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the Netherlands. 18 countries are served via the online shop.

Cheap Monday

The jeans-heavy streetwear brand Cheap Monday, which is located in the lower price segment, has been part of the H&M Group since 2008. Cheap Monday was originally founded in Sweden in 2000. The first items under the name Cheap Monday were sold from 2004. H&M bought the brand from its owners in 2006. Stores in Copenhagen, London, Stockholm, Beijing and Shenyang are operated under the brand . H&M has been operating an online shop for Cheap Monday in 18 European countries since 2013. The brand is also represented worldwide in retail - some of which are also upscale. At the end of 2018, H&M announced that it would discontinue the Cheap Monday brand as of June 2019.

Weekday

Weekday with the sub-brand MTWTFSS (first letters of the weekdays in English) has been a progressive fashion brand in the lower middle price segment for young women and men in the H&M Group since 2008. The founders of the Cheap Monday brand initially called their only shop in a suburb of Stockholm Weekday. From this a separate brand with its own sales outlets developed. H&M took over the Weekday brand in 2006 and integrated it into the H&M Group. Weekday shops, in which in addition to their own brand also items from the Group brand Cheap Monday are offered, are in Germany, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Japan, Austria and the Netherlands. The online trade launched in 2013 serves 18 countries.

& other stories

& other Stories branch in Munich

& other Stories (Eng .: & other stories ) is a brand launched in March 2013 for women within the H&M Group. For the brand, which is aimed at fashion- and quality-conscious women, own stores were opened in Copenhagen, London, Paris, Vienna, Berlin (3 ×), Hamburg, Cologne, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Milan, Rome, Barcelona, ​​Stockholm, Brussels, Ghent, Amsterdam and Antwerp opened. The articles can also be purchased in ten European countries in their own online shop. The brand sells women's clothing, shoes, cosmetics and decorative items.

Arket

Arket branch in Munich

In 2017, H&M announced the launch of the Arket brand (Swedish for 'sheet of paper') with its own stores and an online shop. It is a marketplace with products such as clothing and accessories for men, women, children and the domestic sector in the medium price segment. The first Arket store opened its doors in London in August 2017. So far, 15 additional shops, each with a café, have been opened in six Western European countries, including Munich, Hamburg and Berlin.

Afound

In June 2018, H&M opened outlet stores under the name Afound in Stockholm and Malmö, where high-priced designer brands and H&M brands are sold at lower prices. This was followed by other shops in Gothenburg and Kristianstad as well as an online shop. Afound is so far limited to the Swedish market.

/ Nyden

At the end of 2017, H&M announced the fashion brand / Nyden (Swedish: 'ny' for 'new' and 'den' for 'it') with affordable luxury fashion for the Generation Y target group in the mid to upper price segment. The / Nyden online shop was opened in April with almost worldwide shipping; There are no stationary shops. Designer teams in Stockholm and Los Angeles work in collaborations with celebrities, including actor Hart Denton from Riverdale , US stylist Farren Dean Andrea, tattoo artist Doctor Woo from Los Angeles, American singer Justine Skye, and Dua Lipa and Jérôme Boateng (collaboration with the latter two postponed). In July 2018, / Nyden boss Oscar Olsson left the company and the brand was also sold through the H&M online shop in some countries. The brand's website and the @WearNyden Instagram page have since been taken offline.

criticism

Part of an H&M label

production

Children as cotton pickers

In 2007 a Swedish television station reported that H&M cotton from Uzbekistan, one of the world's largest cotton producers, is in the supply chain . These are often picked by children, as prescribed by the state. H&M did not try to refute this accusation and explained: “We do not believe that a boycott would have the desired effect on the situation of children and people in Uzbekistan.” As a consequence, the Swedish company is now demanding from its cotton buyers and spinning mills, not from children's hands to use more picked cotton. Since 2008, H&M has been cooperating in a joint project with UNICEF with the aim of educating authorities and parents about the negative consequences of child labor. In the autumn of 2008, the ARD policy magazine Report Mainz reported that H&M was having production in Bangladesh under miserable conditions .

Payment of legal minimum wage in Bangladesh

On the occasion of an uprising by textile workers in Bangladesh in December 2010, the NGO Campaign for Clean Clothes criticized H&M for tolerating low wages in the producing countries. The fashion chain, together with Tchibo and Gap, is calling on the government of Bangladesh to raise the minimum wage and regularly adjust it to the changed cost of living. However, H&M refused to pay more than the legal minimum wage of its own accord on the grounds that it was difficult to control as the factories "worked for many different companies under one roof". The NGO thinks this is an excuse.

“Dismissing” producers in producing countries

Further criticism was expressed in a report on the ZDFzoom series , which was first broadcast on October 29, 2014. It became known that H&M only lets its subsidiaries in the production countries , for example in Bangladesh , “control” the local producers. However, under corporate law, the clothing is always manufactured for H&M in Sweden. H&M therefore makes no money at the production site and therefore does not pay any taxes in the production countries. The report also criticized the working conditions in textile factories in Bangladesh and Ethiopia .

Employment relationships textile workers

In November 2014, the Norwegian Aftenposten broadcast the documentary Sweatshop - Deadly Fashion . This documentary focused primarily on the working conditions of Cambodian textile workers and the difference to their lives compared to three young Norwegian fashion bloggers. Due to the Scandinavian background of the documentation, H&M in particular was repeatedly called negative, but was not available for an interview. However, in a statement at the end of episode 5, the company referred to the company program launched in 2013 to improve the living conditions of its own workers and made it clear that this documentation was "in no relation to the corporate philosophy of H&M" and that the comments of the three protagonists “Painted a wrong picture of the relationships between suppliers and the company”.

Member of the ACT (Action, Collaboration, Transformation) initiative

In contrast, H&M is involved in the ACT (Action, Collaboration, Transformation) initiative to improve production conditions for seamstresses. This was announced in 2018 in a merger of a total of 20 fashion companies.

working conditions

H&M is criticized for poor working conditions in the sales branches. H&M established a practice of working on demand: many employees are employed with so-called flex contracts. Employment contracts stipulate, for example, 10, 15, or 20 minimum hours per week, but do not specify when the employee works. Through the work on demand to employees must at all times have ready to take on a layer. Together with the fact that the employees cannot accept any further jobs because of the high demands on their flexibility, they are exposed to the risk of not earning enough for a living, employees reported. Whether and to what extent he can work beyond the minimum hours depends in practice on the needs of the branch manager. As a result, the income fluctuates strongly from month to month, which is why employees are forced to take on a shift at short notice, otherwise they will not get the fixed salary. According to a survey of the H&M works councils, 41 percent of the employees in the branches they supervised worked on call in 2017. The work of the works council and employee participation is made more difficult and based on confrontation instead of cooperating for mutual benefit.

Privacy violations

At the end of 2019, the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and Bayerische Rundfunk announced that executives at the H&M customer service center in Nuremberg , which looks after the online sales business for the German and Austrian market, systematically documented notes on employee interviews and saved them in an internal folder system. Some of the notes contained extremely sensitive information on the state of health , relationship problems and other private surroundings of the employees. The Hamburg data protection authority then started investigations at H & M's German headquarters in Hamburg and Nuremberg. The data protection incident became known in October 2019 after the file folders, to which only executives had access, were briefly accidentally accessible to an "extended inner circle of people". Already in October 2019, u. a. the FAZ , Die Welt and the two large Austrian daily newspapers Die Presse and Der Standard . The Bavarian Radio also reported manipulated records when employees affected will inspect the collected information about them. In January 2020, the Hamburg data protection authority initiated fine proceedings against H&M because of the incident, according to reports from the Bavarian Broadcasting Corporation. After checking 66 gigabytes of data, they found “sufficient evidence of an administrative offense”. Johannes Caspar , the state commissioner for data protection in Hamburg, stated that one had not seen such a "serious" violation for a long time; the extent of the research is "without a comparable example in recent years".

recycling

In Denmark , H&M burned an average of 12 tons of clothing a year, in Sweden around 19 tons (2016). According to the company, this is part of its “global routine,” such as clothing that has been damaged by water and mold in transit, or clothing that contains excessive amounts of unapproved chemicals .

Suspension of rental payments during the COVID-19 pandemic

At the end of March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic , H&M announced that it would claim deferrals for the contractually agreed rent payments for some of its closed retail stores in Germany and Great Britain. This triggered great criticism and calls for a boycott in the media and society.

Award

Picture gallery

  • H&M branch in Vienna

  • H&M branch in Santiago di Chile

  • H&M branch in Hong Kong

  • H&M branch in Harajuku

  • H&M branch in Shibuya

  • H&M branch in Novosibirsk

  • H&M branch in Košice

  • COS branch in Hong Kong

  • COS branch in Washington, DC

  • ARKET branch in London

  • Cheap Monday branch in Stockholm

  • Cheap Monday brand logo

Web links

Commons : H&M  - collection of images, videos and audio files

criticism

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ H&M Annual Report 2016 . Retrieved February 12, 2018.
  2. ↑ Hennes & Mauritz: Annual Report 2015. (PDF) Retrieved on November 6, 2016 (English).
  3. ↑ Full of other stories , tagesspiegel.de, January 13, 2013
  4. ^ Bénédict Solms: Internet Hall of Fame. (No longer available online.) In: VB.com. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012 ; accessed on April 29, 2012 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vb.com
  5. ↑ H&M takes over Cheap Monday mother ( memento of the original from March 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , textilwirtschaft.de, March 6, 2008  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.textilwirtschaft.de
  6. ↑ H&M takes over Fabric Scandinavia entirely ( memento of the original from March 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , textilwirtschaft.de, November 24, 2010  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.textilwirtschaft.de
  7. ↑ H&M ACQUIRES REMAINING SHARES IN FABRIC SCANDINAVIEN AB , cision.com, November 24, 2010
  8. ↑ Facts about H&M. Retrieved July 25, 2012 .
  9. ↑ H&M Shop Online Open. Retrieved March 26, 2014 .
  10. ↑ H&M goes online in Spain ( Memento of the original from April 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; in: Textwirtschaft of August 25, 2014. Accessed April 3, 2016.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.textilwirtschaft.de
  11. ↑ H&M launches online stores in 8 new European countries Ecommerce News from November 21, 2014
  12. ↑ Switzerland: H&M wants to attack Zalando with its own online shop. Online retailer news from September 22, 2015. Accessed on September 24, 2015
  13. ↑ H&M starts attack on Zalando 20min.ch on September 21, 2015. Retrieved on April 3, 2016.
  14. ↑ H&M: Seven new online shops ( Memento of the original from April 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; in: Textwirtschaft from March 31, 2016. Retrieved on April 3, 2016.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.textilwirtschaft.de
  15. ↑ ABOUT H&M. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on November 26, 2011 ; Retrieved December 2, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / about.hm.com
  16. ↑ New openings in Germany - current figures , Neueroeffnung.info, accessed on December 16, 2013
  17. ↑ Annual Report 2014. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on April 14, 2015 ; Retrieved August 20, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / about.hm.com
  18. Jump in sales: H&M is out of fashion in Switzerland. In: handelszeitung.ch . April 8, 2019, accessed April 9, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Imprint. Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
  20. ^ Annual report 2007 from H&M. (PDF) Archived from the original on November 12, 2008 ; Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
  21. ↑ H&M worldwide. Archived from the original on April 7, 2010 ; Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
  22. ↑ H&M ♥ Tokyo. Archived from the original on February 23, 2009 ; Retrieved November 25, 2009 .
  23. ↑ Finn Mayer-Kuckuk: Market entry: Fashion group H&M opens stores in Japan. In: Handelsblatt. Dieter von Holtzbrinck Medien, September 9, 2008, accessed on April 29, 2012 .
  24. ↑ Christoph Neidhart: Hennes & Mauritz - The Japanese snake. (No longer available online.) In: Süddeutsche.de. Süddeutscher Verlag, September 13, 2008, archived from the original on April 14, 2010 ; Retrieved April 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sueddeutsche.de
  25. ↑ MARKETS & EXPANSION .- Official website. Retrieved February 18, 2017
  26. ↑ a b Supplay Chain Data. (PDF; 420 kB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 23, 2014 ; Retrieved April 26, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / about.hm.com
  27. ↑ Will there be H&M cafés everywhere soon? The first one has already opened instyle.de, December 2nd, 2017
  28. ↑ More modern & more customer-friendly: H&M wants to redesign stores glamour.de, January 21, 2019
  29. ↑ Jimmy Choo for H&M the rules ( memento of the original from April 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.streetrunway.de
  30. ↑ Spiegel Online: H & M's Lagerfeld campaign Last chance on the black market , November 14, 2004
  31. ↑ FAZ: Stella McCartney at H&M - A designer imitates herself , November 14, 2005
  32. ↑ RP Online: Designer fashion by Viktor and Rolf Affordable luxury is now available at H&M , November 9, 2006
  33. ↑ Matthew Williamson for H&M ( Memento of the original from October 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lesmads.de
  34. ↑ Sonia Rykiel for H&M ( Memento of the original from April 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.styleranking.de
  35. ↑ Lanvin for H&M ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.styleranking.de
  36. ↑ Versace for H&M
  37. ↑ When women become zombies in the Marni department store in: DIE WELT from March 8, 2012
  38. ↑ H&M and Margiela deliver fashion for everyone , welt.de, November 15, 2012
  39. ↑ Price list H&M with Maison Martin Margiela ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , gq-magazin.de, accessed: March 2, 2014 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gq-magazin.de
  40. ↑ Inside H&M - Alexander Wang x H&M ( Memento of the original from April 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , hm.com, April 13, 2014  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hm.com
  41. ↑ Alexander Wang designs collection for H&M , handelsblatt.com, April 14, 2014
  42. ↑ INSIDE H&M: BALMAIN X H&M ( Memento of the original from September 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , hm.com, May 18, 2015 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hm.com
  43. ↑ Balmain x H&M , vogue.de, May 18, 2015
  44. ↑ FashionUnited: First pictures: Erdem x H&M . ( fashionunited.de [accessed October 22, 2017]).
  45. ↑ Moschino and H&M announce collaboration ( memento of the original from June 21, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. gq-magazin.de, April 16, 2018 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gq-magazin.de
  46. ↑ H&M Fashion Against Aids
  47. ↑ H&M WaterAid ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.streetrunway.de
  48. ↑ H&M Conscious Collection  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / about.hm.com  
  49. ↑ http://www.hm.com/de/unternehmerischeverponsung/hmuntersttzt/projekteundkooperationen/hmundwateraid__projectsarticle9.nhtml
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  52. ↑ H&M announces the end of the Cheap Monday brand fashionnetwork.com, November 27, 2018
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  54. ↑ Advertise & Sell: H&M launches Arket. Retrieved April 7, 2017 .
  55. ↑ Afound to open its first stores in Stockholm and Malmö hm.com, May 31, 2018
  56. ↑ H&M reorganizes lifestyle brand / Nyden fashionunited.de, October 16, 2018
  57. ↑ Economic system & its sectors: (No longer available online.) Country information portal of the international training and development gGmbH, archived from the original on May 11, 2008 ; Retrieved November 25, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.inwent.org
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  63. ↑ Sweatshop - Deadly Fashion. (No longer available online.) Aftenposten, November 26, 2014, archived from the original on January 30, 2015 ; Retrieved February 3, 2015 (Norwegian, with, English, subtitles).
  64. ↑ Sweatshop ep.5: -What kind of live is this? (No longer available online.) Aftenposten, November 26, 2014, archived from the original on January 30, 2015 ; Retrieved February 3, 2015 (Norwegian, with, English, subtitles).
  65. ↑ From H&M to Zalando: Fashion companies are fighting starvation wages in Asia stern.de, October 24, 2018
  66. ↑ ACTION, COLLABORATION, TRANSFORMATION (ACT) . Retrieved December 14, 2018
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  70. ↑ At the fashion chain H&M, “work on demand” is becoming more and more common . In: CORRECTIV . March 22, 2017 ( correctiv.org [accessed January 13, 2018]).
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  75. ^ "FAZ": H&M recorded private data from employees in the customer center in Nuremberg . In: DIE WELT of October 26, 2019. Retrieved October 26, 2019
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  81. ↑ Konstantinos Mitsis: Deichmann and H&M do not pay rent: Customers attack corporations and call for a boycott. Retrieved March 29, 2020 .
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