Holper Valley
| Holper Valley | ||
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 Upper Holpertal: View to the northeast to the castle hill of |
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| location | District of Südliche Weinstrasse , Rhineland-Palatinate ( Germany ) | |
| Waters | Holpertalbach | |
| Mountains | Palatinate Forest (Haardt Mountains) | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 16 '17 " N , 8 ° 1' 7" E | |
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| Type | Kerbtal | |
| rock | Buntsandstein , Zechstein | |
| height | 260 to 435 m above sea level NHN | |
| length | 1.5 km | |
| climate | Atlantic shaped: moderately warm, humid |
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| flora | Mixed forest , sweet chestnuts | |
| use | Forestry ; Tourism ( hiking trails ) | |
| particularities | several castles all around ; Brush binder museum Ramberg | |
The Holpertal is an approximately 1.2 km long notch valley in the Palatinate Forest . It is located in the district of Ramberg in the Rhineland-Palatinate district of Südliche Weinstrasse and naturally belongs to the Dahner Felsenland .
The V-shaped cross-section typical for such valleys was created by the water of the Holpertalbach , which cut deeply into the rock of the Lower Buntsandstein . The valley floor rises from about 260 to 435 m above sea level. NHN , the valley slopes are covered with mixed forest and sweet chestnuts . While out of the valley earlier raw materials for traditional broom - and brushes were collected production, are today forestry and tourism in the foreground.
There are a number of sights in the immediate vicinity of the Holpertal. These include the ruins of the castles Meistersel , Ramburg and Neuscharfeneck , the brush binder museum in Ramberg and other excursion and hiking destinations.
geography
location
The Holper Valley is located in the Palatinate Forest Nature Park and in the Palatinate Forest-Vosges du Nord Biosphere Reserve . Together with the Nonnental , it forms the northern end of the Ramberger Valley through which the Dernbach flows. It extends north of the residential development of Ramberg about 1.2 km to the northeast and rises from about 260 to 435 m (saddle between Burg Meistersel and Drenselberg ), which leads to a relatively steep rise in the bottom of the valley of an average of 15% corresponding to 15 meters of altitude 100 m distance leads. North Northwest of the mountain pass three Book ( 402.9 m ), of the Ramberger valley from the valley of fashion Bach separates the valley between the Drenselberg in the northwest and the ruins Meistersel ends in the southeast.
Natural allocation
The Holpertal heard in the natural environment feature unit group Haardtgebirge (no. 17) and in the main unit Dahn-Annweiler Rock land (171) for subunit Annweiler-Albers Weiler-Ausraum (171.0).
Flowing waters
The lower Holpertal is traversed by the Holpertalbach, which is about 0.7 km long. It rises at an altitude of around 316 m and flows into the Dernbach at around 258 m at the exit of the valley ; its mean bed slope is therefore relatively large at around 8 ‰. The Dernbach then joins the Eusserbach to form the Eisbach , which reaches the Queich near Albersweiler , a left tributary of the Rhine .
mountains
The Holpertal has a narrow bottom and steep slopes , partly interspersed with rocks . It is surrounded by mountains that reach a height of over 600 m . The closest elevations are in the west the Hühnerberg ( 476.9 m ) with the Harzofenberg ( 556.4 m ) beyond, in the north the Drenselberg ( 523.8 m ), in the east the Roßberg ( 637 m ) and in the south the Orensberg ( 581.2 m ).
If one calculates the mean value of these summit heights (without the Hühnerberghöhe), the average height of the mountains surrounding the Holper Valley is 574.6 m . The difference between this value and the deepest point of the Holpertal at 260 m describes the maximum height difference between the valley floor and the mean peak value or the maximum depth of the valley. In the present case it is 314.6 m, a value that is relatively high for a low mountain range. The cause is the geomorphological structure of the Holpertal, which is cut deep into the rock layers of the Buntsandstein (see section Geology ).
climate
The Ramberger Valley is characterized by the typical Atlantic influences of the Palatinate Forest with moderately warm and humid air masses . According to the Rhineland-Palatinate Climate Atlas published in 1957, the mean annual temperature at the end of the Holper and Nonnental valley is around 8 ° C. The micro-climatic conditions of narrow mountain valleys such as increased night-time cooling effects and lower solar radiation must also be taken into account. If the information in the climate atlas is supplemented by more recent data from the German Weather Service from 1961 to 1990, an extrapolated value of around 900 mm annual precipitation can be derived for the upper Holper Valley and the Nun Valley . In comparison, measuring stations of the German Weather Service located a little further to the west register above-average annual precipitation amounts between 910 mm in Annweiler am Trifels and 1125 mm at Forsthaus Taubensuhl due to incline precipitation ("windward effects") .
geology
The red sandstone and to a lesser extent also the Zechstein shape the surface shape of the Palatinate Forest and thus also the morphological structure of the Holpertal as a rocky Kerbtal. The determining landscape are mainly formations of the lower red sandstone , wherein the reef after the Trifels designated Trifelsschichten special significance. Their sandstones contain a lot of quartz ; they are therefore strongly consolidated and weather into sandy, nutrient-poor soils. In addition, at deeper points of the Holperbach and Dernbach , formations of the Zechstein were opened up by erosion , whereby the Annweiler layers with fine and medium sandstones and the Speyerbach layers with brownish-red clay stones are represented. Because these materials are of a softer consistency, they were cleared to a greater extent below the Holpertal in the area where the Holpertalbach flows into the Dernbach and in its further course. As a result, the valley floor of the original Kerbtal expanded from there to a box valley , which is called the Dernbach valley and later the Eisbach valley .
The sandy soils of the Holpertal are very water-permeable, so that rainwater can quickly seep into the ground; it is stored as groundwater in the rock of the trifle layers and passed on. Shale clays from the Speyerbach layers act as a source horizon from which the Holpertalbach emerges as a layer source . In view of the remote location of the spring and the lack of minerals and the filter function of the red sandstone, the water contains only a few solvents, which leads to a lower water hardness with the hardness range soft .
flora
Most of the valley is forested, only along the valley floor do meadows and areas artificially kept free of trees and shrubs alternate with bushes, smaller groups of spruce and alder . In the upper area of the valley and on its slopes there are mixed forests of pine , beech , oak , larch and other tree species. The sweet chestnut , which is also often found in larger stands in the forests above Ramberg, was naturalized by the Romans in the area of today's Palatinate as early as the 1st century AD and finds good growth conditions , especially in the mild climate of the edge of the hair .
history
The name of the Holpertal is explained by the uneven valley floor, littered with boulders, the slopes of which rise rather steeply ("bumpy valley"). The area belonged to the Ramberger community forest. At the confluence of the Holpertalbach in the Dernbach, the street name Mühlstraße and a remaining pond-like widening of the Holpertalbach indicate that a water mill was once operated there at a reservoir .
After the Napoleonic period, the Palatinate was added to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816, the administration of which retained some technical terms from the French . So were forest departments still referred to as "District" and Germanized only the spelling to "district": In 1835 the municipality had an arched bridge in the district Holberthal build so well over the Holpertalbach, 1851 auctioned timber from the district Holperthal .
The valley was used as a holiday home area in the 1960s. Some small properties date from this time, some of which are still used for residential purposes. When the Palatinate Forest was designated as a landscape protection area in 1967, the Holpertal was declared an outdoor area and the residential buildings were granted protection. Since the Palatinate Forest-Vosges du Nord biosphere reserve was set up in 1998, the valley has been subject to nature conservation regulations .
Attractions
Buildings
The ruins of the medieval castles Ramburg, Meistersel - also called Modeneck or Modenbacher Schloss - and Neuscharfeneck are within a radius of 2 km . Meistersel Castle is only a short distance from the upper end of the Holpertal, the Modenbachtal below the castle is considered a "particularly scenic route". Opposite the Meistersel, on the left above the Modenbachtal, the sparse remains of the Frankenburg , which are also called Frankenfelsen , have been preserved.
About 3 km away from the Holpertal in the north on the 613.6 m high Steigerkopf stands the Schänzelturm , whose name ("small hill ") recalls a battle of 1794 between Prussia and French revolutionary troops . Just as far to the south on the Orensberg is the ring wall of a Carolingian refuge from the 8th century.
Natural monuments
About 2.5 km northeast of the Holpertal, in the summit area of the Kesselberg ( 661.8 m ), the second highest mountain in the Palatinate Forest, rock formations with bowl-shaped depressions can be found, which in older sources are often referred to as sacrificial bowls or glacier mills. However, these statements cannot be substantiated by historical or geological investigations and cannot be upheld. Because the Palatinate Forest was not glaciated during the Pleistocene Ice Age due to its low altitude , no glacial landscape forms such as glacier pots or scratches could have appeared. Rather , the causes of the phenomena were erosion processes , which over millions of years have modeled the peculiarly shaped depressions from the differently hard rock layers of the Buntsandstein ( Karlstal layers ; upper rock zone with spherical rock horizon ).
Museums
The municipality of Ramberg has been known beyond the borders of the Palatinate for its brush- makers and brush dealers since the 18th century ; For a long time these were almost the only jobs that were practiced in the remote location. First by laborious manual labor at home, then in industrial production , brooms , brushes , mops and similar utensils were made. In 1907 there were eight brush and brush wood factories in Ramberg. The raw material, especially wood and broom , was procured from the Holpertal, among others. The social and industrial-historical connections can be seen in the brush binder museum , which opened in 1997 and presents a large number of exhibits.
Traffic and walks
The Holpertal can be reached on the state road 506. It comes from the south from the village of Ramberg and then leads over the northern slopes of the valley in an easterly direction to the Drei Buchen mountain pass . From this street, the residential streets of Ramberg branch off in the valley.
The valley is traversed by several forest trails that are integrated into the local hiking trail network of the municipality of Ramberg. In addition to a smaller circular route marked no.23, it is mainly the Bürstenbinderweg ( no.26 ) and the Museumsweg (no.27), through which a relationship is established with the centuries-old Bamberg handicraft tradition of brushbinding (see section museums ) .
From Ramberg, the valley is the starting point for various target or circular hikes . A day tour, for example, runs over the Drei Buchen pass to the Meistersel castle ruins and then, with the red dot sign, through lonely forests to the Ramburg ruins and back to the Holper Valley. In an easterly direction, after a short ascent, you reach the Ramberger Waldhaus , a managed hut of the Palatinate Forest Association (PWV), from which you can follow a high path - marked with a white line with a black dot - the Neuscharfeneck ruin, the Landauer hut of the PWV and the lookout pulpit of the Orensfelsens on the Orensberg . Another frequently used path marked with a blue line leads in the direction of the Upper Rhine Plain to the Trifelsblick hut of the PWV; From there it is possible to descend to the Haardtrand via the St. Anna Chapel , a pilgrimage church, for example to the wine villages of Burrweiler or Gleisweiler .
literature
- German Weather Service (ed.): Climate Atlas of Rhineland-Palatinate . Verlag Deutscher Wetterdienst, Bad Kissingen 1957, ISBN 3-88148-135-4 .
- State Office for Surveying and Basic Geographic Information Rhineland-Palatinate (Ed.): Topographic map 1: 25,000 Annweiler am Trifels . 4th edition. Verlag Landesamt für Vermessung und Geobasisinformation Rheinland-Pfalz, Koblenz 1999, ISBN 3-89637-288-2 .
- Michael Geiger u. a. (Ed.): The Palatinate Forest, portrait of a landscape . Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau (Pfalz) 1987, ISBN 3-9801147-1-6 .
- Michael Geiger u. a. (Ed.): Geography of the Palatinate . Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau (Pfalz) 2010, ISBN 978-3-9812974-0-9 .
Web links
- The Holpertal and the surrounding area on: Map service of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate nature conservation administration (LANIS map) ( notes )
References and comments
- ↑ a b c State Office for Surveying and Geographic Base Information Rhineland-Palatinate: Topographic maps 1: 25,000 and 1: 50,000. Retrieved June 15, 2011 .
- ↑ The value for the average ascent or descent of the valley is obtained by calculating a quotient from the difference between the highest and lowest point of the valley area - the height range (here 150 m) - and the length of the valley (here 1.2 km). The decimal value obtained (here 0.15) can be expressed as a percentage (here 15%).
- ^ LANIS: Topographic Map. Retrieved June 19, 2011 .
- ^ German Weather Service (ed.): Climate Atlas of Rhineland-Palatinate . Sheet 6 f .; on sheet 11 “Mean real air temperature; Year “the 8 ° isotherm can be clearly seen, which encloses the Ramberger valley and thus also the Holper valley at an altitude of about 300 to 400 m .
- ↑ German Weather Service: Weather and climate from a single source, measured values for the period 1961–1990, published on September 21, 2010. Retrieved on June 15, 2011 .
- ↑ Michael Geiger / Manfred Kurz: Weather and Climate in the Palatinate. In: Michael Geiger u. a. (Ed.): Geography of the Palatinate . Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau (Pfalz) 2010, p. 143.
- ↑ Jost Haneke, Michael Weidenfeller: The geological building units of the Palatinate . In: Michael Geiger u. a. (Ed.): Geography of the Palatinate . Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau (Pfalz) 2010, p. 76–77 (table and map).
- ^ State Office for Geology and Mining Rhineland-Palatinate: Geological overview map of Rhineland-Palatinate. Retrieved June 15, 2011 .
- ↑ Thomas Kärcher, Hubert Heitele: The groundwater and its use . In: Michael Geiger et al. (Hrsg.): Geographie der Pfalz . Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau (Pfalz) 2010, p. 114-127 .
- ↑ Hubert Heitele, Dietmar Kotke, Herrmann Fischer: The groundwater and its use . In: Michael Geiger et al. (Ed.): The Palatinate Forest, portrait of a landscape . Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau (Pfalz) 1987, p. 253-262 .
- ↑ Edmund Mainberger: The forest. In: Michael Geiger u. a. (Ed.): The Palatinate Forest, portrait of a landscape . Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau (Pfalz) 1987, pp. 101–126.
- ^ Siegfried Vater: On the etymology of the field names in the Ramberger Tal, current state of research . Oral communication, Billigheim-Ingenheim 2011.
- ^ Royal Bavarian Rhine Circle : Official and Intelligence Journal of the Royal Bavarian Rhine Circle. Speyer 1835, p. 658 .
- ↑ The courier. Daily newspaper for the city and the district of Landau. Landau (Pfalz) 1851, p. 354 .
- ↑ Ministry for the Environment, Forests and Consumer Protection of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate: State ordinance on the "Palatinate Forest Nature Park" as a German part of the Palatinate Forest-Northern Vosges Biosphere Reserve of January 22, 2007. Accessed on June 17, 2011 .
- ↑ The General Map No. 15, Mairs Geographischer Verlag, Ostfildern 2004.
- ↑ Reminder plaque on site.
- ↑ Hans Erich Kubach, Lala Aufsberg: The Palatinate. German country, German art. 2nd Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1966, p. 26.
- ^ Office for Archaeological Monument Preservation Speyer.
- ^ Heinz Wittner: Great Palatinate Leader . German hiking publisher Dr. Mair & Schnabel, Stuttgart 1981, p. 274 .
- ↑ Roland Paul : Of old professions in the Palatinate Forest . In: Michael Geiger et al. (Ed.): The Palatinate Forest, portrait of a landscape . Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau (Pfalz) 1987, p. 239-252 .
- ↑ Roland Paul: Of old professions in the Palatinate Forest . In: Michael Geiger et al. (Ed.): The Palatinate Forest, portrait of a landscape . Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau (Pfalz) 1987, p. 250 .
- ↑ Local history and museum association of the brush making trade Ramberg: Brush making museum Ramberg. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 10, 2011 ; Retrieved June 24, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Parish Ramberg: Half-day hikes in the parish of Ramberg. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
- ↑ Palatinate hiking portal: Circular hike 31: Three castles hike. Retrieved November 1, 2011 .
