Jauch (Hanseatic family)

Coat of arms of the Jauch

Seal of the Jauch
with motto

The Jauch are a Hanseatic family that can be traced back to the late Middle Ages . At the end of the 17th century, the family appeared in the Free Imperial and Hanseatic City of Hamburg . The members of the sex operated as early modern merchants and long-distance trade merchants. They became hereditary citizens of Hamburg and were lords of Wellingsbüttel , now part of Hamburg . The Overbeck family of mayors and senators from Lübeck descends from the Jauch .

overview

Pre-Hanseatic period

The Jauch come from Thuringia , where the widow Lena Joherrin was mentioned in documents in today's Bad Sulza in 1495. Georg Jauch (1606–1675) was the mayor of Sulza.

Johann Christian Jauch the Elder (1638–1718) left Sulza and entered the court service of the Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow , two sons in the service of the Kings of Poland and Electors of Saxony . In Saxony and Poland the Jauch provided military personnel . The branches incorrectly attributed to the nobility in literature since Lieutenant Colonel of the Crown Guard Franz Georg Jauch (1682–1753) and Major General Joachim Daniel Jauch (1688–1754) died out in the 18th century.

The entered into herzoglich Mecklenburg-güstrowschen service members of sex alternated 1696 after the extinction of the dynasty from the residence town Güstrow into a free city same Luneburg . In 1701 they became citizens of Lüneburg. The family produced clergymen and lawyers there, including canons and a superintendent , as well as a senator for Hanover ; other family members were active as traders - registered in 1699 at the “age-old praiseworthy Kramer office”, the merchants of Hamburg - and subsequently as cross-border merchants.

Hanseatic people

Citizen of Hamburg

Johann Christian Jauch senior
(1765–1855)

The trading business was relocated from the economically stagnating Lüneburg to Hamburg in the middle of the 18th century. Hamburg emerged from the Thirty Years' War as the wealthiest and most populous city in Germany in the middle of the 17th century and was a bourgeois republic in which there was neither the nobility , who had been banned from the city since 1276 , nor a patriciate , the hereditary city nobility of the other imperial cities . Unlike the mediaten , the authoritarian state guided bourgeoisie of the monarchies situated cities in whose ranks " courtier prospered", Hamburg marked his free civic, cultural oriented to England life. Although the city was not a republic, it was not a democracy - rulership was in the hands of the Hanseatic League . These formed the narrow, in Hamburg and Bremen purely bourgeois upper class of the sovereign republics of Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck .

The family has belonged to the Hanseatic League since the end of the 18th century . Johann Christian Jauch senior (1765–1855), the last common ancestor of today's Jauch, acquired citizenship of the Free Imperial and Hanseatic City of Hamburg at the end of the 18th century and subsequently the hereditary upper citizenship in the male line . August Jauch (1848–1930) was one of the last notables sent to the Hamburg citizenship without a general election until 1915 , before the Hanseatic rulership of Hamburg ended with the November Revolution of 1918/1919 .

Hereditary seat in Hamburg, landlords in the Kingdom of Denmark

The family owned the houses Stadtdeich 3, Stadtdeich 9 and the opposite house Stadtdeich on the Elbe side 159 at the Hamburger Holzhafen. Around the Outer Alster were the houses An der Alster 24, An der Alster 28 and Schwanenwik 18. There was also a country house in Reinbek next to the Wentorf-Reinbeker Golf Club, which was subsequently founded there, and a summer house in Hamburg-Hamm .

In the surrounding area of Hamburg, the time for the Danish state as a whole belonging Duchy of Holstein , later Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein , which came into the possession of the Jauch manors Wellingsbuettel , Schönhagen and Krummbek , the estates distance vision and Marienhof on the sturgeon and Schwonendahl . They also own the von Othegraven winery and the Wawerner Herrenberg on the Saar and owned the Armenia Lorena, La Ceiba, La Lucha and Nueva Reforma plantations in Guatemala until they were expropriated in 1953 . In addition to their own property, the Duvenstedter Brook in the north of Hamburg served as hunting grounds .

Notables in the Hamburg self-government

Hamburg was characterized - in contrast to the bureaucracy and its civil servants , to which the subjects in the landlocked states were subject - the voluntary self-government by its most respected citizens, the Hamburg notables . Here the Jauch can be found primarily in poor relief as poor carers , as members of the large and small poor collegium and provisional for the workhouse and poor house . They were among the founding fathers of the aid association for Borgfelde , Hamm and Horn , which took care of the poor who received no municipal support.

In the Hanseatic founding tradition , the Jauch also ran their own daily feeding for the poor in the city and built and maintained poor houses in Hamburg and Wellingsbüttel, among other places . From 1820 to 1833 Johann Christian Jauch was dike jury and elder dike jury member of Hammerbrook . He directed the protective measures at the Hammerbrooker dike breach during the February flood of 1825 .

Carl Jauch
(1828–1888)

Cavalry officers in the Hamburg citizen military

In Hamburg Citizen Militia made as opposed to the Prussian army not belonging to the officer corps individuals as a member of the socially-bearing stratum, but of social rank and wealth specific type of weapon and rank and "the most respected citizens of the city like took over at the time so annoying service a Officiersstelle ". The conscript members of the family served as first lieutenants of the Hanseatic cavalry commanded by Rittmeister Adolph Godeffroy , and later Ernst Merck .

Ancestors from the time of the Hanseatic League

The Jauch count several mayors of Hamburg from Hanseatic times among their ancestors, including Johann Wetken (1470–1538), who ran the Reformation in Hamburg and was the city's first Protestant mayor.

progeny

Eleonora Maria Jauch (1732–1797) is the ancestral mother of the Lübeck mayor and senator family Overbeck , one of those “ genius and talent families ” who “gave Lübeck its intellectual character through three to four generations”, including one of those next to Thomas Husband's most famous sons of the city, grandsons of Eleonora Maria Jauch, the painter Friedrich Overbeck .

The descendants also include the blessed Hanna Chrzanowska , the author of Quo Vadis and Nobel Prize Winner for Literature Henryk Sienkiewicz , the first German champion in golf Alice Knoop , the Lords Bolton , owners of the former Duchy of Bolton, branches of Polish magnate families , the Serene Prince Czartoryski and the Count Potocki , as well as the Prince Podhorski and the Prince Woroniecki . Other descendants, a line of Count Rostworowski, are at the same time descendants of Empress Maria Theresa and are removed from the British line of succession .

Constance Jauch (1722–1802) is the ancestor of the Polish noble family Lelewel . Her son Karol Mauricy Lelewel (1750-1830) was one of the leaders of the reform movement for Poland's constitution of May 3, 1791 . The revolutionary Joachim Lelewel , grandson of Constance Jauch, dethroned Tsar Nicholas I as the last elected king of Poland in 1831 and is considered the teacher of Karl Marx , "in whom ... the influence of his master is not difficult to see." The grandson Jan Pawel Lelewel took Participated in the Hambach Festival in 1832 and was one of the leaders of the Frankfurt Wachensturm in 1833 , which was intended to trigger a general revolution in Germany.

Colonel August Deetz , son of Ludovica Jauch (1772–1805), offered the Prussian King the German Imperial Crown in 1849 as a member of the Imperial Deputation . Karl von Fischer-Treuenfeld , descendant of Eleonora Maria Jauch (1732–1797), was one of the heads of the 1923 failed Hitler coup . Charlotte Jauch's (1811–1872) grandson Otto von Feldmann played a key role in the election of Paul von Hindenburg, who was related to his descendants, as Reich President in 1925 .

history

Obsessed men and mayor of Sulza in Thuringia

In 1512, Georg, Matthias and Nikolaus Jauch are recorded in the inheritance book of the official castle of Niederroßla as possessed men in "Sultza Villa", the villages of Dorfsulza and Bergsulza , which were then understood as a unit , today merged with other historical places to form Bad Sulza in Thuringia. Matthias Jauch was enfeoffed with "Segelitzen Gut". Georg Jauch (1606–1675) became mayor of Sulza. Christian Jauch the Elder (1638–1718), with whom the consistently documented family line begins, comes from this or his presumed brother Hans († 1670).

In the service of Mecklenburg-Güstrow

Christian Jauch the Elder (1638–1718) left Sulza, which stagnated in 1640 not least because of the Thuringian Flood and the looting by Swedish troops. In 1662 he entered the service of the absolutist Duke Gustav Adolf von Mecklenburg-Güstrow , under whom court culture in the Güstrow residence flourished. Christian Jauch married in 1665 in Güstrow Cathedral , the maid and confidant of the Duchess Magdalena Sibylla von Mecklenburg-Güstrow , Ingeborg Nicolai († 1702), the Duchess already on the parental lock Gottorf had served. Until 1669 Christian Jauch was also a member of the Duchess's court. Then he became “First Lacquay and Taffeldecker” of Hereditary Prince Karl of Mecklenburg-Güstrow .

Christian Jauch's sons attended the princely cathedral school in Güstrow , which, following a fundamental reform by Duke Gustav Adolf, was the best school in Mecklenburg . The eldest son Johann Christopher (1669–1725) began studying theology as “praestantissimus juvenum” - the most excellent of the young men - sponsored by Duke Gustav Adolph. From October 1694 to 1695 he held the vacant position of Duke Mecklenburg-Güstrow Court and Palace Preacher in Güstrow, the last before the Mecklenburg-Güstrow family died out in 1695.

In 1688 the hereditary prince died. On the same day, his wife Maria Amalia gave birth to a child who also died in childbirth, so that the Mecklenburg-Güstrow house was without heir to the throne. Christian Jauch then moved from the ducal court to the city, acquired citizenship and worked as a ducal Mecklenburg-Güstrowsch court shoemaker and trader. With the death of Duke Gustav Adolf in 1695, the line of Mecklenburg-Güstrow extinguished completely and the Güstrow residence lost its luster and importance. The duke's widow Magdalena Sibylle maintained a small farm until her death in 1719. After Ingeborg Jauch, who was in her service, died in 1702, Christian Jauch left Güstrow after almost 40 years, initially in the service of the court and later as purveyor to the court , and followed his son Johann Christopher to Lüneburg with all of his unmarried children . After he was graciously dimittiret by Duke Gustav Adolf in 1695 "after holding a farewell sermon in the castle church", he followed a call as archdeacon at St. Lamberti in Lüneburg.

In royal British and electoral Brunswick-Lüneburg services

Christian Jauch the Younger († 1720) acquired Lüneburg citizenship in 1701 . In 1710 he bought the former house of the mayor Statius II of Töbing , house number 97 in the inner city. Christian Jauch the Elder, his father, became a citizen of Lüneburg in 1703 .

Johann Christopher Jauch (1669-1725) was royal British and electoral Brunswick-Lüneburg city ​​superintendent , chief pastor at St. Johannis in Lüneburg and inspector of the Johanneum there , previously chief pastor at St. Nicolai in Lüneburg. He turned down a call to the main church Sankt Jacobi in Hamburg . His nephew Johann Christian Jauch (1702-1778) was the first canon and vice dean with the position of a pin provost of the nearby diet enabled cathedral chapter Bardowick . He married Clara Maria Rhüden (1710–1775), great-great-granddaughter of the Reformation theologian Salomon Gesner (1559–1605). Her uncle was the Lüneburg superintendent and great-grandson of Philipp Melanchthon Heinrich Jonathan Werenberg (1651-1713). Ludolph Friedrich Jauch (1698–1764) worked for 34 years at the Michaeliskirche , first as archdeacon , from 1744 as chief pastor and as inspector of the Michaelisschule . Ludolph Friedrich's brother, the lawyer Tobias Christoph Jauch (1703–1776), was the city secretary at the Lüneburg magistrate . Friedrich August Jauch (1741–1796), son of the imperial notary Adolph Jauch (1705–1758), was councilor and senator of Hanover-Calenberg . Carl Jauch (1735-1818) was royal britain Cob and electoral brunswick-lüneburgischer court, Mr to Horneburg , belehnter Burgmann up there and canon to Bardowick.

Carl Jauch (1680–1755) was a merchant and postal agent for the Free Imperial City of Lübeck zu Lüneburg. He was married to a great niece of the Lübeck superintendent and fighter against pietism August Pfeiffer , but even according to church reports he was “always fond of innovations”. He accommodated the pietist, doctor, anatomist and alchemist Johann Konrad Dippel after his expulsion from Denmark in 1727 , who in popular culture and in parts of specialist literature is treated as a historical model for Mary Shelley's " Frankenstein " (→ Johann Konrad Dippel as a model for Frankenstein ).

While Lüneburg was able to retain the splendor of its heyday in the 17th century, the city experienced increasing economic decline in the 18th century. "Everything in Lüneburg was in decline, the prosperity decreased more and more." The construction activity came to a standstill, whereby the historical cityscape was preserved. One of the exceptions is the family's baroque house, today Grosse Bäckerstraße 12, which was extensively redesigned in 1740 by the son of Christian Jauch the Younger, the merchant Carl Daniel Jauch (1714–1795). In 1752, Carl Daniel Jauch relocated his trading business from Lüneburg, which was becoming commercially uninteresting Hamburg.

In the service of August the Strong

Joachim Daniel Jauch
(1688–1754)

Besides at the court of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Johann Christopher Jauch had preached “with great applause” in the court church of Frederiksborg Castle in front of Prince Karl of Denmark and in Saxony-Zeitz in front of the princes. In 1698 the Electress of Saxony and titular queen of Poland Christiane Eberhardine appointed him to Pretzsch Castle . After her husband August the Strong converted to the Catholic faith in 1697 for his election as Polish king, it was up to Johann Christopher Jauch to preach to the queen in the royal room and she, against all initial attempts at conversion - even her Protestant parents advised a change of denomination - in the true faith to strengthen. Subsequently, the Queen was honored by her Protestant subjects as “the prayer pillar of Saxony”.

Johann Christopher's younger brother Joachim Daniel Jauch (1688–1754), on the other hand, organized legendary and almost permanent balls, fairs, animal rushes, masquerades, illuminations and rifle festivals at the court in Warsaw of Augustus the Strong. They were well-thought-out state actions that devoured huge sums of money and, like his new palaces and art collections, served the royal self-expression based on the model of Louis XIV of France. During the pleasure camp of Zeithain 1730, the “spectacle of the century”, responsible for the five-hour fireworks on the ships and on land at the end of the pleasure camp, Joachim Daniel got his joke name “Fifat” by instead of the required “VIVAT from never seen Size ”made a similar“ FIFAT ”light up over the forty-eight princes present. (→ A "FIFAT" of a size never seen before ).

Joachim Daniel Jauch was married to Eva Maria Münnich, whose origins differ in literature. Some of the authors assume that she was a daughter of the later Imperial Russian Field Marshal General, Turkish Conqueror and Prime Minister Burkhard Christoph von Münnich (1683-1767), who worked at the Saxon Building Authority as superior and predecessor of Jauch from 1716 to 1721 . The son August Jauch (* 1731), who died early, was Augustus the Strong's godchild.

Joachim Daniel Jauch was Electoral Saxon Major General, Royal Polish Colonel, Commander of the Royal Polish Artillery, Commander of the Vistula Flotilla, Director of the Saxon Building Authority in Warsaw and the organizer of the baroque expansion of the city. He was followed by several family members as officers in Polish military services, including his nephew and adjutant , who later became captain Ernst Ulrich Jauch († after 1764), and his brother Franz Georg Jauch (1682–1753), who was then captain of the Guard Infantry Regiment in 1724 of the king and company commander in the fortress Thorn was involved in the Thorner blood court . Franz Georg Jauch, "who was one of the king's favorites", became, like his nephew Heinrich Georg Jauch (* 1709), one of the two lieutenant colonels of the Royal Polish Crown Guard - both as guard officers with the rank of colonel of the line regiments .

Citizen of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg

Franz Jürgen Jauch and his brother Christian Jauch the Younger († 1720) learned the story in Hamburg from 1699. In 1752 Carl Daniel Jauch (1714–1795) relocated his trade from the economically declining Lüneburg to the up-and-coming Hamburg.

Carl Daniel Jauch's nephew Johann Georg Jauch (1727–1799), a manufacturer in Lauenburg / Elbe , kidnapped and married Anna Mutzenbecher, daughter of the Hamburg Senate Syndicate and Lord of Horst , Johann Baptista Mutzenbecher (1691 ), who was then a royal British lieutenant and Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1691 –1759), great niece of the Hamburg Senator Matthias Mutzenbecher (1653–1735). Johann Christian Jauch senior (1765–1855), son of Johann Georg Jauch, expanded the timber trade of his great-uncle Carl Daniel under the company JC Jauch & Sons to become the dominant timber wholesaler in Hamburg. With the acquisition of the city's right of citizenship, the family became part of the Timocratic leadership of the most important trading metropolis of the German Empire , the Hanseatic League .

and display information about the image

The timber port of the Port of Hamburg around 1850 JC Jauch & Söhne
sawmill on Stadtdeich (center) JC Jauch & Söhne warehouse with rafted logs stored in the Elbe (left and center) Raftsmen who bring wood to the western Jauch warehouse on the Elbe ( Middle left)

During the French period in Hamburg in 1813, the company survived the confiscation of all of its wood supplies for fortification work, in particular the construction of the 15,000- foot- long wooden Elbe bridge over the Grasbrook , by the French marshal and governor of Hamburg Louis-Nicolas Davout - “The immense wood supply, that one Building required, was very close: the wooden harbor on the city dyke, which enclosed beams and planks worth several millions ”. The Continental System Napoleon had already to a large number of bankruptcies led Hamburg-based trading company. Special taxes and compulsory billeting did the rest. The confiscation of all wood now led to the bankruptcies of timber traders and was one of the reasons for the decades-long dominance of Jauch's timber trade.

Hans Jauch
(1883–1965)

Hans-Gerd Jauch

Johann Christian Jauch's sons founded the Wellingsbüttel, Schönhagen and Fernsicht lines, which are still flourishing today. His eldest son Johann Christian Jauch junior (1802-1880) acquired the Wellingsbüttel chancellery as a country estate , previously the seat of the last Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, Friedrich Karl . Johann Christian Jauch junior, known for his hunts, leased one of the most beautiful hunting grounds in Germany, the Duvenstedter Brook , today Hamburg's largest nature reserve, and built a deer enclosure and a bear pen for the von Hamburg next to the "Jauch'sches Haus" called Stadtdeich 9 in Hamburg bears brought along on his trips to Russia.

Johann Christian Jauch junior drew in 1845 a. a. with Mayor Abendroth , the architect de Chateauneuf and the banker Salomon Heine the shares for the construction of the house of the Patriotic Society from 1765 . Together with Johan Cesar Godeffroy , Ernst Merck , Johann Heinrich Schröder and Robert Miles Sloman, he was one of the initiators of the International Agricultural Exhibition in 1863 on the Heiligengeistfeld in Hamburg and signed the guarantee fund. Johann Christian Jauch was a member of the Hamburg Constituent Assembly from 1848 to 1850 . In 1856 he was elected with Gustav Godeffroy and Robert Miles Sloman to the substitute board of the Hamburg Association for Freedom of Trade. In 1859 he was one of the candidates proposed by the Senate for the office of Militair Commissair.

His son Carl Jauch (1828–1888), also a gentleman of Wellingsbüttel and a citizen of Hamburg, married Louise von Plessen , daughter of the grand ducal Mecklenburg Oberland drosten Ulrich von Plessen, great-great-granddaughter of the merchant of the Dutch East India Company Seneca Inggersen . Like his uncle Moritz Jauch (1804–1876), Carl Jauch held one of the officer's rank in the Hanseatic cavalry, which was reserved for the Hamburg bourgeoisie because of the costs involved . Carl Jauch owned a well-known collection of paintings by contemporary artists. The Jauch-Wellingsbüttel line came from Paul Jauch (1857–1915), businessman in the Jauch Gebr. Im- und Export company, participant in the first German cruise in 1891 on the Augusta Victoria . His son Alfred Jauch (1895-1966) had in the then usual pool hall in the upper-class parents' house pleasure in the billiard place and was repeated Nordmark champion in three cushion , Alfred's son Rudolf Jauch (1932-2008) several North German champion in three cushion. Paul Jauch's further son, Walter Jauch (1888–1976), Rittmeister of the Reserve in the 2nd Hanoverian Dragoon Regiment No. 16 , founded the leading insurance and reinsurance broker on the European mainland, Jauch & Hübener . His cousin was Hans Jauch (1883-1965), colonel and free corps leader, married to Elsa von Othegraven . His eldest son Robert Jauch (1913-2000) was a first lieutenant in Artillery Regiment 16 in the 16th Panzer Division among the participants in the Battle of Stalingrad and was one of only 6000 soldiers who survived the battle and prisoner of war. The youngest son was the journalist Ernst-Alfred Jauch (1920–1991). The grandchildren are the insolvency administrator Hans-Gerd Jauch (* 1953), the Franciscan Father Robert Jauch OFM (* 1954) and the television presenter and television producer Günther Jauch (* 1956). Günther Jauch is the owner of the Othegraven winery and the Wawerner Herrenberg on the Saar , which come from the possession of Jauch's ancestor Emmerich Grach (1753–1826) (→  Grach (winery owner) ). With his foundation for the re-establishment of the Fortunaportal in Potsdam , which was completed in 2002, Günther Jauch gave the impetus for the new construction of the Potsdam City Palace as the seat of the Brandenburg State Parliament , which opened in 2014.

Luise Jauch (1885–1933) was head nurse at the Berghof forest sanatorium in Davos, Thomas Mann's magic mountain , among other things during the treatment of Mann's wife Katia there in 1912. She is the model of Mann's fictional character, the "superintendent of this palace of horrors" Adriatica von Mylendonk , which is portrayed just as unflatteringly by Mann as Professor Jessen as Councilor Behrens.

Rudolf Jauch (1891–1915) was the second officer on watch on the U 40 submarine , which was the first German submarine to be sunk by a British submarine trap in 1915 . Carl Jauch (1892–1922) was Syndicus of the Hamburg-America Line , in the First World War a cavalryman with the " White Uhlans ".

Auguste Jauch
(1822–1902)

The philanthropist Auguste Jauch (1822–1902), née Stubbe, made major contributions to improving the social system in Hamburg and created the Jauchsche Damenstift in Kiel. In 1868 she was one of the founding members of the Vaterländischer Frauen-Hülfs-Verein zu Hamburg , one of the first predecessor organizations of the German Red Cross . Her husband Heinrich Moritz Jauch (1804–1876) was, like her brother-in-law Carl Daniel Jauch (1806–1866), elected caretaker of the poor council for the city dike. Her son Hermann Jauch (1856–1916), married to Agnes von Witzleben , Lord of Schönhagen and Schwonendahl , built Schönhagen Palace and was a co-founder of the Jauch men's foundation on Hamburg's city dike. August Jauch (1848–1930), Herr auf Fernsicht and Marienhof, cavalry officer in the Uhlan Regiment "Graf Haeseler" (2nd Brandenburgisches) No. 11 as well as notable member of the Hamburg citizenship, and Robert Jauch (1856–1909), Herr auf Krummbek , moved - not dependent on purchase - from their goods to Hamburg and also devoted themselves to caring for the poor.

Large landowner in Guatemala

Otto Jauch (1874–1949) was one of the German "coffee barons" and latifundia owners in Guatemala . He managed the Jauch coffee plantations and coffee factory at San Rafael Pie de La Cuesta in the department of San Marcos - Armenia Lorena, La Ceiba, La Lucha and Nueva Reforma. President Cabrera had expropriated the Indian population, promoted the sale of the most fertile land to foreign investors and "helped German 'coffee barons' ... to great wealth." The coffee was exported by Jauch Gebr. In Hamburg.

The Armenia Lorena estate with the Victorian Jauch villa and the other properties were confiscated to Germany in the Second World War after Guatemala declared war in 1941, expropriated without compensation in 1953 and declared a Finca Nacional. "The Allied war against fascism enabled Guatemala to confiscate the vast lands of the German coffee barons that had dominated Guatemala's economy since 1914."

During the Third Reich

Heinrich Jauch, Hamburg's first public prosecutor

Heinrich Jauch (1894-1945) was prosecutor in the 1934 before the Special Court conducted Hamburg " Red Marine process" - also called "Adler process" - against 53 terrorism defendants, including the Soviet secret agent Jan Valtin . The process ended with nine death sentences, seven life sentences and another 350 years in prison and smashed the Red Navy Hamburg. The show trial is considered the National Socialist forerunner of the Moscow trials in which Josef Stalin got rid of the generation of politicians from the October Revolution of 1917 from 1936 to 1938 . Heinrich Jauch is said to have obtained most of the death sentences in the Hanseatic city before he was recalled to Berlin in 1937 .

“The prosecutor, a tall, thin, pale-faced man named Jauch dominated the negotiations. His hatred of us was undisguised. His eyes flashed and his colorless lips withdrew their teeth, baring their teeth, when he demanded death - and nothing but death. "

- Jan Valtin in his autobiographical bestseller "Out of the night" ("Diary of Hell")

"The execution of Dettmer was carried out under the direction of the public prosecutor Jauch by the executioner Gröpler from Magdeburg this morning at 6:10 am using a hand ax in the north exit of courtyard 8 of the institution HH I. "

- Stumbling blocks : prison files of Johnny Dettmer, leader of the Red Navy Hamburg

In 1937 Heinrich Jauch represented the indictment before the Hamburg Special Court in the show trial of the Jewish shipowner Arnold Bernstein , who was defended by Gerd Bucerius and who pioneered car transport in " floating garages ", for violating foreign exchange regulations. With over 1,000 seafarers, the shipping company was one of the largest Jewish companies in Germany. Bernstein is considered to be one of the first large Jewish industrialists to fall victim to Aryanization . Heinrich Jauch also led the investigation into Alfred Toepfer , who was arrested in 1937 on suspicion of violating foreign exchange laws and had to give up control of his company.

Jauch & Hübener and the resistance

Walter Jauch (1888–1976), founder of Jauch & Hübener in Hamburg, was cousin by marriage of general and resistance fighter Hans Oster (1887–1945). Jauch & Hübener had already been assigned a representative of the Secret State Police at the beginning of the Nazi era because there were doubts in Nazi circles about their political reliability. Jauch & Hübener had contact with the resistance through Walter Jauch's cousin Oster. In the summer of 1939 the military opposition group around Hans Oster was supported. Otto Hübener , partner of Walter Jauch, established connections with British authorities in order to avert the impending war. Even during the war, the company worked for the resistance group around Hans Oster and his employee in the Abwehramt , Hans von Dohnanyi . When, after the assassination attempt on July 20, 1944, the Gestapo became aware of the connection between the Foreign / Defense Office and the conspirators around Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg , Hans von Dohnanyi was hanged in Sachsenhausen concentration camp in April 1945 . Two days later, Oster was hanged together with Wilhelm Canaris and Dietrich Bonhoeffer in the Flossenbürg concentration camp . Hübener was arrested in Hamburg and shot in Berlin at the end of April 1945.

Jauch's daughters and their offspring

Catharina Elisabeth Jauch, married von Naumann

Catharina Elisabeth Jauch (1671–1736) married the electoral Saxon colonel and baroque architect Johann Christoph von Naumann , who was a member of the imperial delegation at the Peace of Karlowitz in 1699 and who, as quartermaster general of Augustus the Strong, ordered the victorious battle of Kalisch in 1706 . From 1721 to 1733 he built the Strong Hubertusburg Palace for August .

Catharina Elisabeth was the grandmother of the High Prince Salzburg engineer lieutenant and vedute painter Franz Heinrich von Naumann (1749–1795).

Juliana Agnesa Jauch, married von Schmiedel

Juliana Agnesa Jauch (1673 to after 1712) married the Electoral Saxon District Chamber Councilor and governor Freiherr Johann Rudolf von Schmiedel. Her son was Baron Franz Rudolf von Schmiedel, Saxon-Weimar Supreme Court master , court marshal and director of the landscape treasury of Duke Ernst August I of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, who lavishly ruined the country .

Constance Jauch, married von Lölhöffel

Constance Jauch
(1722–1802)

Constance Jauch (1722–1802), daughter of Joachim Daniel Jauch (1684–1754), married Heinrich Lölhöffel von Löwensprung (1705–1763), son of the Royal Prussian Ambassador to Warsaw and Royal Polish Councilor and personal physician August III. From 1755 onwards, she had Ephraim Schröger built the Palais Lelewel on one of Warsaw's main axes, Ulica Miodowa, based on the model of Parisian Hôtels , named after her Polonized name "Lelewel".

Her son Karol Maurycy Lelewel (1750-1830) was a royal Polish captain, became a Polish indigenous man , became a member of the Sejm and was raised cupbearer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1789 , a title corresponding to the rank of count . Karol Maurycy Lelewel was u. a. 1778 to 1794 lawyer and treasurer of Komisja Edukacji Narodowej , the world's first education ministry.

Constance Jauch's grandson Joachim Lelewel (1786–1861) was a freedom fighter and one of Poland's most important historians. He was a colleague of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels , a friend of the revolutionary Lafayette and an influential source of ideas for the anarchist thought leader Bakunin . He was one of the leaders of the Polish November Uprising of 1830 and a member of the Polish national government. Joachim Lelewel pushed through the dethroning of Tsar Nicholas I , the last king of Poland , at the Revolutionary Sejm on January 25, 1831 as the leader of the radical Patriotic Society . May 29, the day Joachim Lelewel died, is the day of remembrance of his work in the Jewish calendar because of his commitment to the emancipation of the Jews .

His brother Jan Paweł Lelewel (1796-1847) was also a freedom fighter and in 1831, as a lieutenant colonel, one of the defenders of Praga against the Russians. Joachim - preparatory - and Jan Pawel Lelewel were involved in the Frankfurt Wachensturm in 1833 , with which a general revolution in Germany was to be triggered. After his escape to Switzerland from 1837 to 1847, Jan Pawel Lelewel was responsible for the expansion of the road network in the canton of Bern as chief engineer .

Constance Jauch's daughter Teresa Lelewelowna (1752–1814) married Adam Józef Cieciszowski (1743–1783), from the Polish aristocracy, hunting master of Livonia, a title corresponding to the baron, Notarius Magnus the Crown, advisor to the Polish king and the chancellor and brother of the archbishop Kasper Cieciszowski , Roman Catholic Metropolitan of the Russian Empire . Constance Jauch's granddaughter Aleksandra Franciszka Cieciszowska was married to the Polish minister Jan Paweł Łuszczewski (1764-1812). The Polish poet and writer Jadwiga Łuszczewska (1834–1908) was the granddaughter of this connection. Great-great grandson of Constance Jauch was the Polish writer, author of " Quo Vadis " and Nobel laureate Henryk Sienkiewicz (1848-1916), as well as in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp life lost Ignacy Chrzanowski (1866-1940), founder of the Polish historical literature , Father of Hanna Chrzanowska (1902–1973) , who was beatified in 2018 .

The great-great-granddaughter Marianna Babianna Łuszczewska (1833–1879) married Prince Lucjan Woroniecki (1806–1875). Her granddaughter, Countess Maria Helena Stadnicka, married Prince Adam Michał Józef Czartoryski (1906–1998).

Bronislaw Lelewel (1863-1951), grandson of Prot Lelewel, organized as a radical Polish student in Saint Petersburg in 1887 an influential group of workers from the Obukhov works, rejected terrorism and gave the group a social democratic orientation. The circle, which was later headed by the Russian Mikhail Brusnev, became one of the germ cells of social democracy .

Eleonora Maria Jauch, married Overbeck

Christian Adolph Overbeck (1755-1821)

Eleonora Maria Jauch (1732–1797), daughter of Canon Johann Christian Jauch (1702–1788), married the Lübeck lawyer and consultant of the Schonenfahr College Georg Christian Overbeck, son of superintendent Caspar Nicolaus Overbeck (1670–1753), brother of the rector of the Katharineum to Lübeck Johann Daniel Overbeck . Her oldest son was Christian Adolph Overbeck (1755-1821). Along with Georg Heinrich Sieveking and Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus in Hamburg, he was one of the “ central exponents of the North German Enlightenment ” and was “one of the most essential phenomena in Lübeck's intellectual history of the century”. He was "at the same time as councilor, diplomat and mayor of the hometown, the embodiment of the honorable and respectable political aristocracy of Lübeck." The youngest son Johann Georg Overbeck (1759-1819) was pastor and senior of the Evangelical Church in the Salzkammergut.

Her grandson was the painter and leader of the Nazarenes Friedrich Overbeck (1789–1869), knight of the Prussian order Pour le Mérite for science and arts, the Pope Pius IX. Honored Lancellotti with a visit to Overbeck's Roman villa in 1857. In 1855, Overbeck received King Ludwig I of Bavaria at the Milvische Brücke when he visited Rome. Overbeck worked in Rome for sixty years "and the art-loving German believed he had not seen Rome if he could not tell about Overbeck at home." The family's reputation, which extends beyond Lübeck, shows a trip together in 1806 of the then seventeen-year-old Overbeck with the senator and envoy to Perpetual Reichstag Johann Friedrich Hach : "Although the budding artist was much younger than Hach, the son of the long-established family was able to open the doors of the first middle-class families to him at the travel stations and still in Regensburg."

Granddaughter Charlotte Overbeck (1790–1872) was married to the Lübeck physician Matthias Ludwig Leithoff . Grandson Christian Gerhard Overbeck (1784-1846) was of the Free and Hanseatic City of Bremen elected Oberappellationsrat on top of Appeal of the four free cities , a member of the Friends of " Jung-Lübeck " and married to Magdalene, sister of the painter Theodor Rehbenitz . His son was the Lübeck Senator Christian Theodor Overbeck (1818–1880), married to Charlotte, daughter of the Lübeck Senator Joachim Friedrich Krüger , who bequeathed the artistic estate of Friedrich Overbeck and Theodor Rehbenitz to the museums of the city of Lübeck. Her granddaughter Elisabeth (Betty) Overbeck (1786–1871) married the pioneer of female schooling Johann Heinrich Meier (1778–1860), who opened a private secondary school for girls in Lübeck in 1806 . Great-grandson is the illustrator Adolf Meier (1808–1896), known for his views of the city of Lübeck . The great-granddaughter Henriette Charlotte Harms (1842–1928) married the Lübeck Senator Johannes Fehling . Their daughter Emilie Charlotte Adele Fehling (1865–1890) married Bernhard von Hindenburg , brother of Field Marshal General and President Paul von Hindenburg .

Eleonora Maria Jauch's great-grandson was the landscape painter and portrait photographer Arnold Overbeck (1831–1899). The grandchildren Johannes Overbeck (1788–1832) came from her great-grandson Johannes Overbeck (1826–1895), classical archaeologist, married to Caroline, daughter of the paleontologist Georg August Goldfuss , the great-granddaughter Wilhelmine Friederike Charlotte Overbeck (1829–1908), married to the engineer Franz Reuleaux , and the great-granddaughter Cäcilie Lotte Eleonore Overbeck (1856-after 1920), married to the anthropologist and personal physician of the hypochondriac Alfred Krupp , Emil Ludwig Schmidt . Great-great-granddaughter was the " fin de siècle - lesbian " Agnes Elisabeth Overbeck (1870-1919), composer and pianist, who married the opera singer Sigrid Onégin under the pseudonym "Baron Eugen Borisowitsch Lhwoff-Onégin" . The historian and head of the Lübeck State Archives Paul Ewald Hasse (1847–1907) was great-great-grandson .

Further descendants are portrayed in Thomas Mann's social novel Buddenbrooks - great-granddaughter Charlotte Leithoff (1819–1903) married the consul Johann Heinrich Harms (1810–1893) (in the novel: August Möllendorpf ), brother of Senator Georg Friedrich Harms (1811–1892) ( Senator Möllendorpf ), who married the great-great-granddaughter Emma Wilhelmine Buck (1832-1896) ( Mrs. Möllendorpf nee Langhals ) and was the father of Lorenz Harms (1840-1915) ( Consul Kistenmaker ).

Ludovica Jauch, married Deetz

Ludovica Jauch (1772-1805) married his first wife, the merchant Johann Carl Deetz, in second marriage the progenitor of the royal court orchestra in Berlin making musical family Griebel , the Royal Prussian chamber musician Johann Heinrich Griebel (1769-1852), teacher of the composer Albert Lortzing . Her son was Colonel Albert Deetz (1798-1859), head of the central office of the Reich Ministry of War and city commander of the Free City of Frankfurt from 1848 to 1854, member of the Frankfurt National Assembly and the Imperial Deputation . His relationship with Otto von Bismarck during his time as Prussian envoy to the Bundestag in Frankfurt was strained because Deetz refused to work with Bismarck.

Stiefenkel von Ludovica Jauch was the New York architect, builder of the Dakota Building , George Henry Griebel (1846–1933).

Wilhelmine Jauch, married Avé-Lallemant

Wilhelmine Jauch (1809-1893) married the music critic and writer Theodor Avé-Lallemant, who was instrumental in the musical history of northern Germany in the 19th century . Her fortune allowed her husband to turn to promoting music and its composers. Since then, he and his wife have maintained one of the “few musical houses” in Hamburg, alongside the composers Georg Dietrich Otten and Karl Graedener . From 1838 Avé-Lallemant was a member, subsequently first chairman of the committee for the Philharmonic Concerts and was at the same time one of the seal keepers of the Hanseatic community, because the Philharmonic concerts were an essential element of Hamburg's elite culture. In 1841 Avé-Lallemant organized the Third North German Music Festival in Hamburg , which was then the largest music festival in Germany. In addition to concerts in Hamburg's Michel and other places, “they came up with an almost sensational idea. Amid the Inner Alster Feenpavillon 'was one on stilts, built "with an enlightened by thousands and thousands candles nightly concert,

Wilhelmine Jauch's son Robert (1850-1896) was the godchild of Robert Schumann . The son Johannes (1855–1911) was godson of Johannes Brahms, who was related to the Jauch-Wellingsbüttel line . Tchaikovsky dedicated his Fifth Symphony in E minor to Avé-Lallemant .

Charlotte Jauch, married Lührsen

August Jauch
(1848–1930)

Charlotte Jauch (1811–1872) married the lawyer Gustav Lührsen , author of the Hamburg mortgage regulation and advocate of a uniform German land registry. Her son was the noble personnel - he did not use the title in accordance with Hanseatic custom - the former Syndicus of the Jauch family and later the Imperial German Envoy and Minister Johannes Lührsen (1838–1903). His mother's origins and wealth were the decisive factors in sending Lührsen, without any practical experience or knowledge of the country, to his first assignment in the foreign service as a consul in Smyrna , Turkey, in 1869 - after a vote in the Senate , Mayor Kirchenpauer , following a proposal by Senate Syndicus Merck , let the initially doubtful Federal Chancellery know , Lührsen comes from “a very respectable and wealthy family”. Her daughter Anna Lührsen (1854–1890) married her cousin, the squire and Hamburg politician August Jauch .

Charlotte Jauch's granddaughters were: Irene Marie Lührsen (1883–1968), painter, married to the painter Felix Freiherrn von Fuchs-Nordhoff, son of the actress Franziska Ellmenreich , who was a co-founder and honorary member of the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg; Ines Lührsen (1883–1978), twin sister of the previous one and also a painter, married Baron Vistallo von Taxis di Bordogna e Valnigra , son of the last colonel-hereditary postmaster in Trento and on the Adige.

The granddaughter Carmen Carlota Lührsen (1877-1958) was married to the Royal British Consul Henry Montagu Villiers adH of the Earls of Clarendon , including the grandson of British Prime Minister John Russell, 1st Earl Russell , great-grandson of John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford , Cousin of the philosopher and Nobel Prize winner for literature Bertrand Russell and nephew of the Viceroy of India Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton . Charlotte Jauch's descendants from this connection are the Lords Bolton , descendants of the extinct Dukes of Bolton, starting with Algar Orde-Powlett, 7th Baron Bolton of Bolton castle .

Other grandchildren of Charlotte Jauch were from the marriage of her daughter Jenny (1841-1917) to the Prussian Major General Adolf von Feldmann: Hans von Feldmann , Lieutenant General and State Secretary, whose daughter Wilhelma was the godchild of Kaiser Wilhelm II , and Otto von Feldmann , Lieutenant Colonel i . G., during the First World War as head of the operations department of the Ottoman headquarters, confidante of Enver Pasha and indirectly involved in the genocide of the Armenians . Later he steered the campaign as “political representative” Paul von Hindenburg in his election as Reich President and headed the “Secretariat von Hindenburg” after his election.

Luise Jauch, married Halske

Luise Jauch (1815–1881) married Adolf Halske (1814–1888), cousin of Siemens co-founder Johann Georg Halske . Her daughter Anna (1854–1909) married the lieutenant colonel and district commander Gustav Lichtenberg (1844–1906), great-great-nephew of Georg Christoph Lichtenberg .

Bertha Jauch, married Knoop

Bertha Jauch (1860-1935) was married to the Manchester businessman William Oscar Knoop (1854-1938), co-founder of golf in Germany, who co-founded today's Wentorf-Reinbeker Golf Club in 1901 and was one of the founders of the Hamburg Golf Club in 1906 :

Bertha Jauch's daughter Alice Knoop was a leading German golfer at the beginning of the 20th century. At the first German championships of the association in 1907 she was runner-up and in 1908 the first German player to win the Open German Golf Championship .

Family table

Georg Jauch Mayor of Sulza 1606–1675

Christian Jauch the Elder First Lacquay and paneler of the Hereditary Prince Karl von Mecklenburg 1688 purveyor to the court at Güstrow 1696 dealer at Lüneburg 1638–1718

Johann Christopher Jauch Superintendent of Lüneburg 1669–1725

Catharina Elisabeth Jauch 1671–1736 ∞ Johann Christoph von Naumann

Christian Jauch the Younger 1699 recorded in the guild register of the Krameramt in Hamburg 1701 dealers in Lüneburg † 1720

Carl Jauch businessman and postal agent from Lübeck zu Lüneburg 1680–1755

Franz Georg Jauch Lieutenant Colonel of the Royal Polish Crown Guard in 1724 at the Thorner Blood Court 1682–1753

Joachim Daniel Jauch major general and baroque architect in Warsaw 1688–1754

Ludolph Friedrich Jauch senior pastor to St. Michaelis in Lüneburg 1698–1764

Tobias Christoph Jauch City Secretarius of Lüneburg 1703–1776

Johann Christian Jauch First Canon and Vice Dean of Bardowick 1702–1778

Carl Daniel Jauch 1740 builder of the parent company in Lüneburg 1752 founder of Jauch's shop in Hamburg 1714–1795

Adolph Jauch Imperial notary in Hanover 1705–1758

Constance Jauch 1722–1802 ∞ Heinrich von Lölhöffel

Johann Georg Jauch retired officer D. and Kaufmann zu Lauenburg 1727–1799

Eleonora Maria Jauch 1732–1797 ∞ Georg Christian Overbeck Attorney at Lübeck

Friedrich August Jauch Senator of Hanover-Calenberg 1741–1796

Heinrich Georg Jauch Lieutenant Colonel of the Royal Polish Crown Guard * 1709

Carl Jauch court administrator for Horneburg Canon zu Bardowick 1735-1818

Johann Christian Jauch senior citizen of Hamburg in the company JC Jauch & Sons Elder dyke jury 1765–1855

Ludovica Jauch 1772–1805 ∞ 1. Johann Carl Deetz 2. Joh. Heinr. Griebel

Christian Adolph Overbeck Mayor of Lübeck 1755–1821

Johann Christian Jauch junior citizen of Hamburg Lord of Wellingsbüttel 1802–1880

Moritz Jauch citizen of Hamburg Olt. d. Hanseatic. Cavalry 1804–1876 ∞ Auguste Jauch

Wilhelmine Jauch 1809–1893 ∞ Theodor Avé-Lallemant

Charlotte Jauch 1811–1872 ∞ Gustav Lührsen

Luise Jauch 1815–1881 ∞ Adolf Halske citizen of Hamburg

Hermann Jauch Herr auf Fernsicht 1817–1859

Carl Jauch citizen of Hamburg, gentleman of Wellingsbüttel Olt. d. Hanseatic. Cavalry 1828–1888

Hermann Jauch Herr auf Schönhagen and Schwonendal 1858–1916

August Jauch Herr auf Fernsicht representative of the notables in the Hamburg citizenship Rittmeister a. D. 1848-1930

Robert Jauch Herr on Krummbek 1859–1909

Paul Jauch businessman in Jauch Gebr. Import & Export 1857–1915

Bertha Jauch 1860–1935 ∞ William Oscar Knoop

Heinrich Jauch First public prosecutor in Hamburg 1894–1945

Hans Jauch Colonel and Freikorpsführer factory owner 1883–1965

Luise Jauch head nurse on the "Magic Mountain" ( Adriatica von Mylendonk ) 1885–1933

Walter Jauch founder of Jauch & Hübener Rittmeister d. Res. 1888-1976

Robert Jauch Kaufmann Oberleutnant d. Res. Participants in the Battle of Stalingrad 1913–2000

Hermann Jauch Hauptmann Deputy Regimental adjutant on the Art.-Regt staff. 69 1914-1943

Günther Jauch First Lieutenant, Department Adjutant on the staff of Art.-Rgts 227 1919–1942

Ernst-Alfred Jauch Journalist Head of the Berlin State Office of the KNA Leutnant d. Res. 1920-1991

Hans-Gerd Hermann Jauch insolvency administrator * 1953

Robert Jauch Priest Franciscan (OFM) * 1954

Günther Jauch TV presenter, journalist and producer owner of the Othegraven winery * 1956

coat of arms

(1749) In gold, a man dressed in black with black hair and a black hat, his forearms angled upwards, collar, cuffs, buttons and belt in gold, with his right hand holding a hand in black that protrudes from a black cloud in the front upper corner ; on the helmet with black and gold covers in gold the eye of providence between a black open flight.

The motto (1683), taken from Psalm 73, verse 24, reads: "LORD, YOU GUIDE ME TO YOUR COUNCIL".

literature

• German gender book . Volume 200, 13. Hamburger, ISBN 3-7980-0200-2 , pp. 337-416; Volume 209, 15. Hamburger, ISBN 3-7980-0209-6 , pp. 31-52, each with further references.
• Conrad Nikolaus Lührsen: Family table of the Jauch family. Aachen 1949.
• Siegfried Koß: Jauch, Robert OFM. In: Friedhelm Golücke : author's lexicon for student and university history, a bio-bibliographical directory. (= Treatises on student and higher education. Volume 13). Cologne 2004.
• Prot Lelewel: Pamietniki i Diariusz Domu Naszego. (Memories and diary of my parent company). edited by Irena Lelewel-Friemannowa. Breslau / Warsaw / Krakow 1966.
• Isabel Sellheim : The family of the painter Friedrich Overbeck (1789–1869) in genealogical overviews. Neustadt an der Aisch 1989, ISBN 3-7686-5091-X .

Web links

Commons : Jauch family  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Jauch  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Remarks

1. ↑ Johann Carl Daniel Curio : “We have no nobility, no patricians, no slaves, not even subjects ourselves. All real Hamburgers know and have only one stand, the stand of a citizen. "
2. ↑ 1913: Inhabitants 1,037,275, 83,187 citizens entitled to vote, Group I 28,479 voters for 48 MPs, Group II 48,762 voters for 24 MPs, 5,946 voters in rural areas elect 8 MPs, 8,731 landowners elect 40 MPs, 954 notables also elect 40 MPs their ranks.
3. ↑ In Lübeck, as a result of the revolution of 1848, the inhabitants of the city were equated with the citizens, the Lübeck right of merchant companies (guilds) to exclusive representation in council and citizenship was abolished. About Bremen → History of the City of Bremen .
4. ↑ In detail → Hanseat and honorary office .
5. ^ Hamburg: (1) Auguste Jauch Foundation , Bürgerweide; (2) Home for Old Men , Stadtdeich; Wellingsbüttel: Half of the costs for the construction of the poor house in the village of Wellingsbüttel, Kiel: Damenstift out of gratitude , Jakobikirche; in recent times Drewitz (Potsdam) : Endowment for the construction and assumption of the ongoing property and personnel costs for Die Arche - Christian children's and youth work pnn.de
6. ↑ At the same time, the farms were an essential key to the social advancement of the sexes - Heinz Noflatscher in: Günther Schulz (Ed.): Sozialer Aufstieg. Functional elites in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. Munich 2002, ISBN 3-486-56612-1 , p. 309.
7. ↑ On January 12, 1661 Gustav Adolph had actually decreed: “Which of our officers and servants at Vnser Schloskirchen actually locked up (Because we in Vnser Schloskirchen, to prevent all confusion, want to have a format at the Ecclesiam, so that people who are next up should be parish there, and waiting for God's service). ”Exceptions were granted. Steffen Stuth: Courtyards and residences. Investigations into the courts of the dukes of Mecklenburg in the 16th and 17th centuries. Bremen 2001, ISBN 3-86108-778-2 , p. 241, note 359.
8. ↑ Ingborg Jauch mentioned in 1745 by Johann Stieber: Merck-worthy and edifying biography of ... Princess Magdalena Sibylla, widowed ruling Princess of Mecklenburg. Rostock 1745; Stieber's designation as the “ruling princess” does not correspond to the legal situation in Mecklenburg - it is just a contemporary courtoises abbreviation for (duchess and) wife of the ruling duke. In this respect, see Petra Dollinger, Frauen am Ballenstedter Hof: Contributions to the History of Politics and Society at a Princely Court of the 19th Century, Volume 2, 1999, p. 33.
9. ↑ Short biography in: H. Reuter: The St. Michaeliskirche in Lüneburg. Hanover and Leipzig 1918, p. 58.
10. ↑ Ludolph Friedrich Jauch built up an extensive library that was auctioned off for several days after his death: Bibliotheca b. Ludolph, Frider, I also: pastoris quondam ad D. Michaelis… publicae auctionis lege distrahetur Luneburgi, the 23rd et sqq. m. Septembris a. 1765 ... Lueneburg 1765.
11. ↑ "Archive for German Postal History" 1975, p. 125 on the Lübeck postal system and the "Lübschen Boten", which the Lübeck postal service provided in other cities.
12. ↑ See Christian V (Denmark and Norway) #Marriage and Offspring
13. ↑ Vivat was pronounced [ ˈfiːfat ]. Someone who was not in command of the Latin language, presumably one of Jauch's subordinates, took this literally and erroneously wrote [ ˈfiːfat ] also Fifat .
14. ↑ Cf. pl: Gwardia Piesza Koronna - the crown guard on foot in the Polish Wikipedia.
15. ↑ The reason for the kidnapping may have been that aristocrats and officers as sons-in-law could hardly hope for approval from the Hanseatic League . See Percy Ernst Schramm: Profit and Loss. Hamburg 1969, p. 108 from a letter from Adolphine Schramm, mother of Hamburg's mayor Max Schramm , to her mother after she learned that two nobles had courted their unmarried sisters: "Poor mother, how would you feel, if you had two noble sons-in-law; because I think - next to Jews, actors and lieutenants - you think that is the worst visitation. "
16. ↑ War grave SM U 40 - divers discover German submarine with 29 dead soldiers
17. ↑ The wreck is a protected war grave under the Protection of Military Remains Act .
18. ^ Daughter of the gentleman on Hude Friedrich Ernst von Witzleben.
19. ↑ Armenia Lorena on Youtube at 6:09 minutes.
20. ↑ To this day, the world's largest circulation book by a former communist - Michael Rohrwasser: Der Stalinismus und die Renegaten. The literature of the excommunists. Stuttgart 1991, p. 188.
21. ↑ pl: Ulica Miodowa w Warszawie .
22. ↑ pl: Karol Mauricy Lelewel .
23. ↑ Among other things, November 1832 his well-known appeal “Au peuple d'Israel” to the Polish and European Jews.
24. ↑ As early as the end of March, twenty Polish officers had stood at the German border on his orders to take command of the uprising in Württemberg, which was initially planned at the same time - Baden-Württemberg State Archives , version dated December 26, 2010.
25. ↑ pl: Pisarz wielki koronny
26. ↑ en: Great Scribe of Lithuania .
27. ↑ en: Adam Michał Czartoryski .
28. ↑ en: Mikhail Brusnev .
29. ↑ Dr. Johannes Lührsen on thepeerage.com , accessed on September 11, 2016.
30. ↑ Carmen Carlota Elvira Lührsen on thepeerage.com , accessed on September 11, 2016; Descendants of Villiers-Lührsen in the overview of descendants of William the Conqueror , version of December 29, 2010; Melville Henry Marquis of Ruvigny and Raineval: The Plantagenet Roll of the Blood Royal: Being a Complete Table of All the Descendants Now Living of Edward III, King of England. 1994, ISBN, p. 381.
31. ↑ grandson of the bishop of the Church of England for the Diocese of Durham en: Henry Villiers , great-nephew of the British Foreign Minister George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon , great-nephew of the British war minister and writer en: Sir George Cornewall Lewis, 2nd Baronet , great-nephew of Admiral s : Lord Edward Russell , great-nephew of General en: Lord Alexander Russell , great-nephew of the major-general : Lord George Russell , great-nephew of en: Louisa Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn , his uncle-in-law was the governor-general of Canada en: Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby .
32. ↑ en: John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford .
33. ↑ en: Charles Powlett, 5th Duke of Bolton .
34. ^ Both clubs 1907 founding members of the German Golf Association .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Adam Boniecki : Herbarz Polski, Volume 8, Warsaw 1905, p. 340.
2. ↑ Polska Encyclopedja Szlacheka, Volume 6, Warsaw 1937, p. 194.
3. ^ Seweryn Uruski : Rodzina Herbarz Sylachty Polskiej , Volume 6, Warsaw 1909, p. 29.
4. ↑ Emilian von Źernicki-Szeliga : The Polish Aristocracy and the Aristocratic Families from Other Countries who joined the same, General Directory. Hamburg 1900, Volume 1, p. 373.
5. ↑ Gerhard Köbler : Historical Lexicon of the German Lands: the German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 2007, p. 397, on the special position of the city of Lüneburg in the principality, similar to an imperial city. Digitized in the Google book search
6. ^ Percy Ernst Schramm : Hamburg. A special case in the history of Germany. Hamburg 1964, p. 15 f.
7. ^ Percy Ernst Schramm: Hamburg and the question of nobility (until 1806). In: Journal of the Association for Hamburg History. Volume 55, 1969, p. 82.
8. ↑ Hamburg as it was and is: Or the origin, development, existence, description of place, government, customs, customs and peculiarities of Hamburg and its area. 1827, p. 181.
9. ^ Gregor Rohmann : Joachim Moller founds a family. Remembrance rooms in Hamburg in the 16th and 17th centuries. In: Mark Hengerer (Ed.): Power and Memoria: Burial Culture of European Upper Classes in the Early Modern Age. Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-412-16804-1 , p. 130.
10. ^ Andreas Schulz: Guardianship and Protection: Elites and Citizens in Bremen 1750-1880. 2002, p. 14 ff. (“Research object Hanseatic city”) Digitized in the Google book search
11. ^ Annette Christine Vogt: A Hamburg contribution to the development of world trade in the 19th century. 2004, ISBN 3-515-08186-0 , p. 113, fn. 9 - at the beginning of the 19th century, the proportion of long-distance traders, the Hanseatic people, was just over one per thousand in Hamburg's population. Digitized in the Google book search
12. ↑ On the patrician upper class of Lübeck since the second half of the 15th century and on the nobility awards of 1641 see: Zirkelgesellschaft
13. ^ Matthias Wegner: Hanseatic League. Berlin 1999, p. 34: “In Hamburg a very precise distinction was made between the major and minor citizenship, and only those who, thanks to their economic circumstances, were able to acquire the major citizenship had unrestricted freedom of trade and business, were allowed to enter the Senate, citizenship and other offices are elected - and that were only a few. The wealthy merchants set the tone in the Hanseatic cities. "
14. ^ Matthias Wegner: Hanseatic League. Berlin 1999, p. 35: "They secured the power of their class and their class at their own discretion, distinguished themselves in rank and habitus from the small merchants, the 'shopkeepers', and viewed themselves with some right as rulers of their city."
15. ↑ Peter Borowsky: Does the “citizenship” represent the citizenship? Constitutional, civil and electoral law in Hamburg from 1814 to 1914. In: Rainer Hering (Hrsg.), Peter Borowsky: Schlaglichter historical research. Studies on German history in the 19th and 20th centuries. Hamburg University Press, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937816-17-8 , p. 93: Historical research assumes a "fundamentally oligarchical character of the Hamburg constitution ..., the constitutional order was therefore interpreted as an aristocratic and not a democratic one", one of the reasons why Hamburg "as a city republic could become a member of a league of sovereign princes in 1815".
16. ^ Andreas Schulz: Guardianship and Protection: Elites and Citizens in Bremen 1750-1880. 2002, p. 15: The aristocracy and the pauperized masses in particular were excluded from city rule , but also the bourgeois middle classes .
17. ^ Julia von Blumenthal: Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg: The last after-work parliament. In: S. Mielke u. a .: State parliamentarism in Germany. Wiesbaden 2006, p. 195.
18. ↑ Renate Hauschild-Thiessen: About the Hamburg national character In: German gender book, Volume 127, 1979, p. 24.
19. ↑ Hamburg as it was and is: Or origin, development, existence, description of the place, government, customs, customs and peculiarities of Hamburg and its area , 1827, p. 136: “All honorary posts at the poor = institution, that of the headmaster , Carers, etc., are administered completely free of charge; - although many of them are associated with immense toil. "
20. ^ HWC Huebbe, Vom Hammerbrook. 1. Breakthrough of the city dike in 1825. In: Messages from the Association for Hamburg History. Volume 5, Hamburg 1883, p. 7 f.
21. ^ Significance and social structure of the citizen military
22. ↑ Andreas Fahl: The Hamburg Citizens' Military 1814–1868. Berlin / Hamburg 1987, p. 45.
23. ↑ ^{a b c} Ahasver von Brandt : Spirit and politics in the history of Lübeck: 8 chapters of the foundations of historical greatness , Lübeck 1954, p. 40.
24. ↑ Persons eligible to succeed to the British Throne
25. ↑ Juliusz Stroynowski: Poland and German. Volume 1 of What Unites Us. 1973, p. 114.
26. ^ Grażyna Szewczyk, Renata Dampe-Jarosz: Read Eichendorff today. 2009, p. 158.
27. ↑ List of inheritance, their owners, rights and obligations, cf. German legal dictionary (DRW) , version dated December 28, 2010.
28. ↑ Inheritance book of the official Roßla from 1512 in: Georg Judersleben: Inhabitants of Sulzas before the Reformation. Bad Sulza 1936, pp. 42-47.
29. ↑ George Judersleben: Residents Sulzas before the Reformation. Bad Sulza 1936, p. 42 f.
30. ↑ Steffen Stuth: Courtyards and residences. Investigations into the courts of the dukes of Mecklenburg in the 16th and 17th centuries. Bremen 2001, ISBN 3-86108-778-2 , p. 257.
31. ↑ The "dabey indispensable servants" counted to the court - Veit Ludwig von Seckendorf: Teutscher Fürsten-Staat. Jena 1720 (first edition 1655), p. 587 f.
32. ↑ Qvandoqvidem Jam, Gestiente Plaudenteqve Tota Provincia, Serenissimi Principis Ac Domini, Dn. Gustavi Adolphi, Ducis Meclenburgici… Qvinqvagesimus Septimus… Natalis Adest; Praestantissimus Juvenum, Johannes Christophorus Jauch, Gustroviensis… Serenitati Ejus, Oratione Latina… Submississime Eo Nomine Gratulaturus Est: Omnes Ergo… Ad Hanc Panegyrin, In Majori Nostri Athenaei Auditorio Instituendam… Invito / M. Johannes Mantzel / Rector. - Güstrow: Spierling, 1689 - Invitation program of the Güstrow Cathedral School to the ceremonial speech of the student Johann Christoph Jauch on the occasion of the birthday of Duke Gustav Adolf of Mecklenburg-Güstrow.
33. ↑ His name is not found in Mecklenburg pastors' directories. However, see Johann Georg Bertram: The Evangelical Lüneburg. Brunswick 1719.
34. ^ Johann Georg Bertram: The Protestant Lüneburg. 1719, p. 287.
35. ^ Doris Böker: Hanseatic City of Lüneburg. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, architectural monuments in Lower Saxony Volume 22.1, p. 409.
36. ^ Christian Schlöpken: Chronicon or description of the city and the Bardewick monastery. Lübeck 1704, p. 429: pen sprays were not ordered. The deans were usually lawyers who acted as Princely Braunschweig-Lüneburg Chancellor in Celle . The actual management of the monastery lay with the senior citizens, who for this reason have held the title of Vice-Dean since time immemorial.
37. ^ Isabel Sellheim: The family of the painter Friedrich Overbeck (1789-1869) in genealogical overviews. Neustadt an der Aisch 1989, ISBN 3-7686-5091-X ; Great-grandfather Georg Rhüden (1592–1670), senior, vice dean and thesaurus of the Bardowick cathedral monastery, was also the ancestor of the chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen , see Georg Lockemann: Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and his ancestors. In: Genealogy and Heraldry. 1948/50.
38. ^ Urban Friedrich Christoph Manecke: Brief description and history of the city of Lüneburg. 1816, p. 43.
39. ↑ Handbook of the Province of Hanover. 1783.
40. ^ Hannoverscher and Electoral-Brunswick-Lüneburg State Calendar. 1818, p. 125 on his successor.
41. ↑ Royal-Great Britain and Electoral-Braunschweig-Lüneburg State Calendar. 1798, p. 66.
42. ^ Rudolf Ruprecht: The Pietism of the 18th Century in the Hanoverian home countries. 1919, p. 66.
43. ^ Wilhelm Görres, August Nebe: History of the Johanneum in Lüneburg. Lüneburg 1907, p. 43.
44. ^ Doris Böker: Hanseatic City of Lüneburg. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, architectural monuments in Lower Saxony Volume 22.1, p. 409 f., Fig., P. 400, 402, 409 and 410.
45. ^ Bertram: The evangelical Lüneburg. P. 286.
46. ↑ Ernst Engelberg, Wolfgang Küttler : The long 19th century: people-events-ideas-upheavals: Ernst Engelberg on the 90th birthday. Volume 1, 1999, p. 73.
47. ^ The great German anecdote lexicon. Erfurt 1843/44, reprint Leipzig 1985, p. 302.
48. ↑ DGB p. 413f; see. List of ancestors Henryk Sienkiewicz , version of December 26, 2010; not recorded in the family tables of Ernst von Münnich, Arved Jürgensohn: The memoirs of Count Ernst von Münnich. 2006, ISBN 3-939119-37-7 , p. 216 ff.
49. ↑ Konstanty Górski: historyâ artyleryi polskiej. 1902, p. 321.
50. ^ Baron Galéra: Germans under foreign rule. Volume I, p. 24: “With the end of the 17th century, of all things, when the Elector Augustus the Strong, who had become Catholic, had been elected King of Poland by Saxony, a sensitive counter-Reformation pressure was felt in Thorn. A strong Polish garrison, the Crown Guard, came into town and placed heavy loads on it. The last church was taken from the Evangelicals and their forcible return to Catholicism was prepared. "
51. ↑ Joachim Bahlcke: Daniel Ernst Jablonski: Religion, Wissenschaft und Politik um 1700. 2008, p. 241: "The execution of the Thorner citizens happened ... only in the presence of the Crown Guard ..."
52. ^ Contributions to the history of Danzig and the surrounding area. Book II, 1837, p. 10.
53. ^ Wichmann von Meding: Lauenburg: on the history of the place, office, duchy. 2008, p. 184.
54. ↑ "The import of construction timber on a larger scale in Hamburg is almost exclusively in the hands of two companies, namely Messrs. JC Jauch & Sons and Klinckrath & Martens, of which the former is especially of great importance in this field", in: Arthur Freiherr von Hohenbruck: The wood export of Austria to the west and north. 1869, p. 78.
55. ^ Heinrich Luden: Nemesis: Journal for Politics and History. Volume 4, 1815, p. 210.
56. ↑ Life and deeds of the tyrant Davoust. 1814, p. 60: "... all stocks of timber, timber and firewood belonging to the timber merchants were removed ..."
57. ↑ See Jürgen Koch: The exchange of letters between JC Horner and JGR 1999, p. 44: "Our Hugues was taken very hard, his wood was requisitioned and the house on the city dike burned down."
58. ^ Theodor von Haupt: Hamburg and Marshal Davoust: Call to Justice. 1814, p. 41: "So all the timber merchants and the many people for whom they procured bread were destroyed forever."
59. ↑ Wolfgang Rudhard: The community center in Hamburg. 1975, p. 109 fig. 93.
60. ↑ Hartwig Fiege: History of Wellingsbüttels: From the Holstein village and well to the Hamburg district. 1982, ISBN 3-529-02668-9 , p. 70.
61. ↑ Collection of construction capital for the house of the Patriotic Society (new building), overview of the share subscription in relation to the completion of the construction capital for the construction of the house of the Patriotic Society to be built on the site of the former town hall. Hamburg 1845
62. ↑ House Documents, Otherwise Publ. As Executive Documents: 13th Congress, 2nd Session-49th Congress, 1st Session, 1863: Message from the President of the United States, Transmitting Correspondence of the minister of the Hanseatic republics in relation to an international agricultural exhibition in the city of Hamburg. P. 31.
63. ^ Illustrated newspaper. No. 1044, July 4, 1863, p. 8.
64. ↑ Reports on the negotiations of the constituent assembly in Hamburg and the minutes of the preliminary consultations for the constituent assembly, 1850 .
65. ^ Magdeburg newspaper. February 1, 1956.
66. ^ Negotiations between the Senate and the Citizenship, Hamburg. 1860, p. 5.
67. ↑ M. Naumann: The Plessen. Limburg an der Lahn 1971, p. 52.
68. ↑ ^{a b} His grandfather Diederich Brodersen (1640–1717) is also the ancestor of the composer Johannes Brahms .
69. ↑ Andreas Fahl: The Hamburg Citizens' Military 1814–1868. Berlin / Hamburg 1987, p. 179: "These statutes make it clear what (...) was really essential for the fulfillment of the military task for the admission into a free corps: the possession of a sufficient amount of money."; Ulrich Bauche: Farewell to the citizen's military. Supplement to the Hamburgensien folder Hamburger Leben, part tenth , Hamburg 1976: "The cavalry was the peak of the effort." It consisted mainly of the sons of merchants. (Fahl p. 179)
70. ^ JF Richter: Newest, complete guide through Hamburg, Altona and the surrounding area. 1869, p. 28.
71. ^ Christian Wilhelm Allers : Backschisch. Memories of Augusta Victoria's journey to the Orient. 1891, passenger list.
72. ^ César Daly: L'Architecture privée au XIX. siècle. tome 3, section III, 1872.
73. ↑ Won after six hours . In: Hamburger Abendblatt . November 24, 1980.
74. ^ Peter Koch: History of the insurance industry in Germany. 2012, p. 350.
75. ^ Illustration as "Sister Luise" in: Inge and Walter Jens : Frau Thomas Mann. The life of Katharina Pringsheim , Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-498-03338-7 , Fig. 16, p. 169; the same illustration by Günther Schwarberg: Once upon a time there was a magic mountain. Hamburg 1996, ISBN 3-89136-599-3 , p. 86 - there correctly referred to as “head nurse”, but incorrectly identified as Alyke von Tümpling on p. 44ff.
76. ↑ See Thomas spokesman: The nurse in Thomas Mann's early work with special consideration of Adriatica von Mylendonk. In: Thomas spokesman (Hr.): Literature and illness in the fin de siècle (1890-1914). Thomas Mann in a European context. Frankfurt am Main 2001, pp. 35–72, description p. 52.
77. ↑ Christian Virchow: Medical history about the "Magic Mountain". Augsburg 1995.
78. ^ Cf. Frank Hatje: The poor system in Hamburg and the spread of the Enlightenment in the middle classes and lower classes between integration and demarcation. In: Franklin Kopitsch: The people in the sights of the Enlightenment: Studies to popularize the Enlightenment in the late 18th century. Volume 1 of the publications of the Hamburg working group for regional history. Münster 1998, p. 176 fn. 40.
79. ^ Schleswig-Holstein advertisements. 1870, p. 456.
80. ^ "The coffee barons of the 'latifundia' (large plantations)" in: Guatemala News and Information Bureau, National Network in Solidarity with the People of Guatemala (US): Report on Guatemala. Volumes 22-23, 2001, p. 9.
81. ^ Regina Wagner, Asociación de Educación y Cultura “Alejandro von Humboldt.” Comité de Investigaciones Históricas: Los alemanes en Guatemala: 1828–1944. Volume 2, 1991, p. 381.
82. ^ Wiebke Hoffmann: Emigrating and returning: Merchant families between Bremen and Übersee, a micro study, 1860-1930. 2009, p. 124.
83. ↑ Cf. Katharina Trümper: Coffee and Merchants: Guatemala and the Hamburg Trade 1871–1914. 1996, which states that Jauch Gebr. Is one of the few exceptions who have been able to establish themselves as Hamburg coffee importers without owning their own plantations (p. 72) and overlooks the economic connection with the family-owned plantations
84. ^ Atlas Historico, Fondos documentales para la asistencia y / o acompanamiento de conflictos agrarios en el Departamento de San Marcos. 2004, p. 119.
85. ^ The Allied war against fascism enabled Guatemala to confiscate the vast lands of the German coffee barons who had dominated Guatemala's economy since 1914. In: Blanche Wiesen Cook: The declassified Eisenhower: A Divided Legacy. 1981, p. 220.
86. ^ Hans-Robert Buck: The Communist Resistance to National Socialism in Hamburg, 1933-1945. 1969, p. 34.
87. ^ "The Russian show trials, prior to which, for the sake of the record, the accused are broken by torture, are very similar to the first trials (the Rote Marine Prozess) staged under the Nazis ..." - American Jewish Committee, Commentary , Volume 54, 1972.
88. ^ Gertrud Meyer: Night over Hamburg: Reports and documents. Library of Resistance. 1971, p. 27.
89. ^ Out of the night. New edition Kessinger Publishing, 2005, p. 590.
90. ↑ stolpersteine-hamburg.de
91. ^ Frank Bajohr: Aryanization in Hamburg. The displacement of Jewish entrepreneurs 1933–45. Hamburg 1997, p. 206.
92. ↑ In the Change of the Tides - The shipowner Arnold Bernstein - Exhibition of the Jewish Museum Berlin 2008, which owns the estate.
93. ^ Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke: Hamburgische Biografie 5: Personenlexikon. 2010, p. 49.
94. ↑ Georg Kreis u. a. (Ed.): Alfred Toepfer. Founder and businessman. Building blocks of a biography - critical inventory. 2000.
95. ↑ On the connections between the resistance fighters and the owners of Jauch & Hübener cf. Karl Bartz: The tragedy of the German defense. 1955, p. 92.
96. ↑ Naumann, Johann Christoph von, Obrister. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 23, Leipzig 1740, column 1291-1294.
97. ↑ Mentioned as district chamber councilor in Jessen, Saxony in the biographical article about his nephew: Franz Rudolf von Naumann in Naumann, Frantz Rudolph von. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 23, Leipzig 1740, column 1289-1291.
98. ↑ Hans Patze, Hans Herbert Möller, Walter Schlesinger: History of Thuringia. 1984, ISBN 3-412-04281-1 , p. 297.
99. ^ Johann Gottfried Walther, Klaus Beckmann, Hans-Joachim Schulze: Briefe. 1987, ISBN 3-370-00154-3 , p. 295.
100. ↑ Karol Maurycy Lelewel. In: Polski Słownik Biograficzny . Volume XVII, p. 25.
101. ^ The Jewish Encyclopedia. Memorial Dates , p. 460 (online version jewishencyclopedia.com, version dated December 26, 2010.
102. ^ Christoph Zürcher: Jan Pawel Lelewel. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . November 30, 2007 , accessed June 6, 2019 .
103. ^ Adam Józef Cieciszowski. In: Polski Słownik Biograficzny, Volume III, p. 37.
104. ↑ Cf. Herbarz Polski ( Polish Armorial ), Lviv 1738, text version online (Polish, version of December 26, 2010) of the expanded edition by J. N. Bobrowicz, Lipsk 1839–1845, Volume 3, pp. 110–112; see. further genealogy of Adam Jozef Cieciszowski , version of December 26, 2010; the relatives of Adam Jozef Cieciszowski dealt with in the Polish National Biography (version of December 26, 2010)
105. ↑ genealogy of John Paul Łuszczewski version of 26 December 2010; pl: Jan Paweł Łuszczewski .
106. ^ Michael Share: The Central Workers 'Circle of St. Petersburg, 1889-1894: A Case Study of the "workers' Intelligentsia. Volume 1, 1984, p. 111.
107. ^ John Jackson: Workers' organizations and the development of worker-identity in St. Petersburg 1870–1895: a study in the formation of a radical worker-intelligenty. PhD thesis 2012, p. 176ff - online version (PDF; 6.6 MB)
108. ↑ James D. White: Lenin: The Practice and Theory of Revolution .
109. ↑ Bronislaw Lelewel: Przyczynek do dziejow udzialu Polakow w rosyjskim ruchu rewolucyjnym (1886–1890). In: Nicpodleglosc. 1, 24, 1934.
110. ↑ genealogy Overbeck in: J. Atkinson Beavington: Overbeck. London 1882.
111. ^ Overbeck (Kaspar Nicolaus). In: Johann Samuelansch, Johann Gottfried Gruber, Moritz Hermann Eduard Meier, Hermann Brockhaus, Johann Georg Heinrich Hassel, AG Müller, August Leskien: General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts . Volume 3, Volume 8, 1836, p. 32.
112. ↑ All genealogical records in: Isabel Sellheim: The family of the painter Friedrich Overbeck (1789–1869) in genealogical overviews. Neustadt an der Aisch 1989, ISBN 3-7686-5091-X .
113. ^ Barbara Richter: Franz Heinrich Ziegenhagen: Life, work and work of a committed businessman and philanthropist in the Age of Enlightenment. 2003, p. 153.
114. ^ Johann Nepomuk Sepp : Memorial speech on Friedrich Overbeck. ziert after: Landshuter Zeitung . No. 2, 1870, p. 7.
115. ↑ Wolfgang Burgdorf: A world view loses its world: the fall of the Old Kingdom and the generation 1806. Munich 2006, p. 42.
116. ↑ Wilhelm von Bippen: Georg Arnold Heise: Mittheilungen aus seine Leben. 1852, p. 238.
117. ^ Emil Ferdinand Fehling: On the Lübeck Council Line 1814-1914. Lübeck 1915, p. 44.
118. ^ Emil Ferdinand Fehling: On the Lübeck Council Line 1814-1914. Lübeck 1915, p. 26 f.
119. ↑ Gerhard Ahrens: How Lübeck came to its Overbeck collection. In: Lübeckische Blätter. Volume 175, issue 7, April 10, 2010.
120. ^ Claus-Hinrich Offen: School in a Hanseatic civil society: on the social history of the lower school system in Lübeck (1800–1866). 1990.
121. ^ Hartwig Dräger: Buddenbrooks: Poetry and Reality, image documents. Lübeck 1993, p. 232 f.
122. ↑ Dräger p. 230 f.
123. ↑ Hans Christoph Worbs: Albert Lortzing in self-testimonies and image documents. 1980, ISBN 3-499-50281-X , p. 9.
124. ↑ Horst Ernst Arminius Kohl (ed.): Otto Fürst von Bismarck - Bismarck letters 1836–1872. no year, p. 97.
125. ^ Peter Feddersen: Tschaikowsky in Hamburg. A documentation. Cajkovskij-Studien, Volume 8, Mainz 2006, p. 256.
126. ↑ Joachim Mischke: Hamburg Music! 2008, p. 66 “the wealthy Hamburg music lover Theodor Avé-Lallemant”.
127. ↑ Constantin Floros: Brahms and his time: Symposion Hamburg 1983. 1984, p. 29.
128. ↑ Alwin Müchmeyer : There were two worlds - ours and the other. In: Childhood in the Empire. Memories of times gone by. Edited by Rudolf Pörtner, Augsburg 1998, p. 281.
129. ^ Avé-Lallemant, Friedrich Christian (Benedikt) : Retrospectives on the Third North German Music Festival in Hamburg , Lübeck 1841.
130. ^ Eberhard von Wiese: Hamburg: people, fates. Hamburg 1967, p. 115.
131. ↑ Julius Faulwasser: The great fire and the reconstruction of Hamburg: A memorial to the fifty years of remembrance days from May 5th to 8th 1842. 1892, p.
132. ↑ Frederic Kroll: Klaus Mann series of publications: 1935–1937. Part 2, 2006, p. 501.
133. ^ Kurt von Priesdorff : Soldatisches Führertum . Volume 10, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg, undated [Hamburg], undated [1942], DNB 986919810 , p. 15 f., No. 3054.
134. ^ Frank Möller: Charismatic leaders of the German nation. 2004, p. 136.
135. ^ Gerhard Schulze-Pfälzer: How Hindenburg became president. Personal impressions from his environment before and after the election. 1925.
136. ^ Maximilian Terhalle: German National in Weimar: the political biography of the Reichstag member Otto Schmidt (-Hannover) 1888–1971. 2009, p. 151.
137. ^ Geert-Ulrich Mutzenbecher: The insurers. History of a Hamburg merchant family. Hamburg 1993, ISBN 3-8042-0638-7 , p. 52.
138. ^ History of the Wentorf-Reinbeker Golf Club , www.wrggc.de, version from December 29, 2010 ( Memento from September 19, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
139. ^ Velhagen & Klasings monthly books. Volume 26, Issue 3, 1912, p. 301.
140. ↑ German Gender Book. Volume 200, ISBN 3-7980-0200-2 , 13. Hamburger, p. 337, illus. P. 335; the representation in Siebmacher's Grosses Wappenbuch is incorrect . Volume G, Hamburg coat of arms roll. Compiled by Eduard Lorenz Lorenz-Meyer from Hamburg's coat of arms books. Neustadt 1976 (reprint); Coat of arms 1749 Canon Johann Christian Jauch, motto 1683 Superintendent Johann Christopher Jauch .