Herrenchiemsee Monastery

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Engraving in the Topographia Germaniae by Matthaeus Merian around 1644
South side of the monastery with sundial
Baroque frescoes in the garden room

The Herrenchiemsee Abbey is a former Augustinian canons - pin on the island of Herrenchiemsee in Chiemsee in Bavaria . After secularization , the monastery buildings were redesigned into the old Herrenchiemsee Palace .

history

According to tradition, the monastery was founded by Duke Tassilo III. founded by Bavaria. The actual founder was Eustasius , the abbot of the Luxeuil monastery (Burgundy). The foundation took place (according to the latest, also archaeological findings) between 620 and 629. Herrenwörth was thus the oldest Bavarian monastery, it was built around seventy years before the foundation of St. Peter in Salzburg , which had long been considered the oldest monastery. One of the verifiable directors of the monastery was Bishop Dobdagrecus, whom Virgil had brought with him to Bavaria from his Irish homeland; after Virgil had received the episcopal ordination in 749, Dobdagrecus took over the management of the male monastery Chiemsee. After the deposition of Tassilo III. through Charlemagne , the latter placed the Chiemsee monastery under the supervision of Angilram of Metz , which before 788 had been directed by the peregrinus Doddogracus and then by an Ambrosius. Another abbot was Hrodhart ( Ruadhardus abba according to the Reichenauer Memorial Book ), although it remains to be seen whether he took over his office after the Dobdagrecus or after the Anilgram. On January 13, 804 took place before King messenger in char a process rather than where the Archi presbyter Ellannod of Freising from Chiemseer Abt Liutfried a parrochia stressed with all lying in churches for Freising. The resolution passed ( convenietia ) consisted in that Liutfrid and his monastery were allowed to keep all the churches that had been founded by Adalschalken ( homines fiscalini ) and by nobles ( nobiles homines ) and also the tithe of liberi homines vel barsalci . Thus the Freising claim, with which the former ducal monastery should be removed, was fought off.

From its foundation until 1130 it was a Benedictine monastery , from 1130 a monastery of the Augustinian Canons . The new building of a three-aisled, Romanesque basilica was completed in 1158. In 1215 Salzburg established the Diocese of Chiemsee , but the Bishop of Chiemsee resided in the Chiemseehof in Salzburg. The Augustinian Canons' monastery formed the cathedral chapter of the Chiemsee diocese. At the head of the chapter stood a provost of the cathedral who had also been archdeacon of the diocese's only archdeaconate from 1218. The monastery church, consecrated to Saints Sixtus and Sebastian since 1131, was elevated to the status of a cathedral .

The pen experienced its greatest heyday in the 15th century. In 1446 Provost Ulrich Häupl obtained the right to bear the pontificals . After 1498, Provost Rupert Puetinger obtained the title of Count Palatine of the Lateran , which gave him the lucrative right to issue letters of coat of arms. Mismanagement and indebtedness meant that the monastery was under secular administration between 1552 and 1562. It was only under Provost Arsenius Ulrich, who came from Heilig Kreuz in Augsburg in 1627 and headed the Inselstift until 1653, that the monastery recovered.

Construction of the new monastery began in 1642, although it was not completed until 1731. From 1676 to 1678 a new island dome was built by the master builder Lorenzo Sciasca from Graubünden in the splendid Baroque style. From 1700 to 1704 the prince's cane was built according to plans by Antonio Rivas . From 1727 to 1730 the prelature stick followed as the last construction phase. The monastery was dissolved in 1803 in the course of secularization . It came into state ownership and was sold to the Mannheim businessman Carl von Lüneschloß in the same year. In 1807 the cathedral of the Chiemsee diocese was profaned , and in 1808 the Chiemsee diocese was abolished. Between 1818 and 1820, the Munich wholesaler Alois von Fleckinger had the towers and choir of the cathedral demolished and set up a brewery in the former nave . The high altar came to Rimsting , the Johann Christoph Egedacher organ to Tittmoning . The monastery buildings were redesigned into the (old) Herrenchiemsee Palace . Count Paul Maria Vogt von Hunoltstein lived on the island from 1840 to 1870. He sold them to a timber processing company in Württemberg, which was planning a complete deforestation of the forest. King Ludwig II of Bavaria prevented this and in 1873 bought the entire island for 350,000 guilders in order to build his new Herrenchiemsee Palace here from 1878 .

The constitutional convention to prepare the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany met in the convent floor of the old castle from August 10 to 23, 1948 . An exhibition in the Old Castle commemorates this event. The former cathedral is to be restored at the instigation of the Friends of Herrenchiemsee .

Row of provosts

source

  1. Sebastian Hartmann, 1131-1134
  2. Eberwin (unsure)
  3. Hugo (unsure)
  4. Conrad I., 1139, 1142
  5. Ulrich I, 1143, 1172
  6. Rudolf, 1179, 1180
  7. Engelschalk I., 1182
  8. Siboto, 1188, 1197
  9. Adalbert (Albert), 1198, 1203
  10. Conrad II (Arno), 1204, 1216
  11. Engelschalk II.
  12. Henry I, 1246, 1257
  13. Conrad III.
  14. Friedrich I.
  15. Friedrich I. Fronauer, 1287, 1292
  16. Gotschalk, 1294, † 1320
  17. Otto, 1324, 1333
  18. Greimold, 1334
  19. Seyfrid, 1335, 1343
  20. Henry II, 1348, 1364
  21. James I, 1365
  22. Jacob II, † 1366
  23. Henry III, 1366
  24. Conrad IV of Volers, 1371, 1377
  25. Johann I. Ebser, 1380, 1395
  26. Nicolaus von Volers, 1401, 1406
  27. Stephan Parterhauser, 1409, 1417
  28. Ulrich II. Haeupel, 1418, 1450; received the pontificals in 1446
  29. Ludwig, 1452, † 1455
  30. Ulrich III. Meal, 1455
  31. Sigmund von Lindeneck, 1461, 1469
  32. Johann II. Sugar Sword, 1470, 1491
  33. Rupert I. Pultinger, 1498, † 1520
  34. Adam, 1526, † 1539
  35. Virgilius, 1540, 1541
  36. Erasmus Thrayrer, 1543
  37. Jacob III, 1553, 1560
  38. Christoph, 1562, 1577
    Erasmus Koch, administrator , † 1579
  39. Christian Schmidhauer, 1579, 1580
  40. Johann III. Dirmadinger, 1583
  41. Ulrich IV. Stockher, † 1585
  42. Sebastian Sassauer, 1588
  43. Martin I. Burkhard, † 1594
  44. Johann IV. Jakob Raiger, 1596, 1599, resigned 1604
  45. Johann V. Rhaem, 1604, † 1623
  46. Caspar Spindler, † 1617
  47. Augustin I. Dachsner, 1618, † 1627
  48. Arsenius Ulrich, 1627–1653
  49. Rupert II. Kegel, 1653–1688
  50. Sebastian II. Zoller, 1688–1691
  51. Jakob V. Mayr, 1691–1717
  52. Franz Pichler, 1718–1736
  53. Floridus Rapl, 1736-1759
  54. Martin Held, 1759–1764
  55. Sebastian II. Danner, 1764-1792
  56. Augustin II. Fuchs, 1792–1803, † 1826

buildings

The Church of St. Mary

The old castle consists of a quarter of the monastery wing. Showpieces are the imperial hall in the south wing with its decoration around 1700 and the two-aisled hall of the library built around 1735. A museum has been located in the east and south wings since 1998, and a picture gallery with around 100 pictures by Julius Exter is housed in the north wing .

The small late Gothic church of St. Mary was built for the lay people of the monastery parish . It was consecrated in 1469, rebuilt from 1630 to 1632 and received the early baroque high altar (1632) and the coffered ceiling with panel paintings from the life of Mary. The organ dates from 1668 and was probably created by Mathias Rotenburger , it was restored in 2018 by Orgelbau Linder . On the outer facade there are coats of arms of provosts of the Augustinian canons.

literature

  • Elmar D. Schmid, Kerstin Knirr: Herrenchiemsee. Museum in the Augustinian Canons' Monastery. Royal Castle. King Ludwig II Museum. Official Leader, Revised; (Bavarian Administration of State Palaces, Gardens and Lakes); 1st edition Munich 2005, ISBN 3-932982-65-7 .
  • A long-awaited addition to the Munich State Archives: the old registry of the Herrenchiemsee Palace and Garden Administration. In: News from the Bavarian State Archives. No. 53/2007.
  • Walter Brugger , Heinz Dopsch, Joachim Wild : Herrenchiemsee, Kloster-Canonherrenstift-Königsschloss. Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-7917-2332-7 .

Web links

Commons : Herrenchiemsee Monastery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Joachim Jahn : Ducatus Baiuvariorum: The Bavarian Duchy of the Agilolfinger. P. 146f. (= Monographs on the history of the Middle Ages). Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-7772-9108-0 .
  2. ↑ Angela Bauer-Kirsch: Herrenchiemsee. The Constitutional Convention of Herrenchiemsee - pioneer of the Parliamentary Council. Diss., Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn, 2005 ( PDF ).
  3. ↑ Michael Hartig: The Upper Bavarian Pencils. Volume I: The Benedictine, Cistercian and Augustinian Canons . Publisher vorm. G. J. Manz, Munich 1935, DNB 560552157 , p. 213 f.

Coordinates: 47 ° 52 ′ 3 "  N , 12 ° 23 ′ 47"  E