Neunburg vorm Wald
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 49 ° 21 ' N , 12 ° 23' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Bavaria | |
| Administrative region : | Upper Palatinate | |
| County : | Schwandorf | |
| Height : | 398 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 110.17 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 8312 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 75 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 92431 | |
| Area code : | 09672 | |
| License plate : | SAD, BUL , NAB , NEN, OVI, ROD | |
| Community key : | 09 3 76 147 | |
| LOCODE : | DE NBW | |
| City structure: | 74 districts | |
City administration address : |
Schrannenplatz 1 92431 Neunburg vorm Wald |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Martin Birner ( CSU ) | |
| Location of the city of Neunburg vorm Wald in the Schwandorf district | ||
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Neunburg vorm Wald is a town in the district of Schwandorf in the Bavarian administrative district of Upper Palatinate . The city on the Schwarzach has more than 8,000 inhabitants and is an outstanding business location and medium-sized center in the Schwandorf district. Neunburg vorm Wald is the seat of the administrative association Neunburg vorm Wald .
The city, located in the Upper Palatinate Forest Nature Park and near the Eixendorfer See , celebrated its millennium in 2017. It is known for the listed historic old town with the old castle and for the annual open-air festival " Vom Hussenkrieg ". In addition, with the Neunburg Memorandum in 1997, the Association of Cities with Hussite History and Tradition was founded, which today includes 18 cities in the Czech Republic and Germany.
The city has a primary school and two secondary schools, the Neunburg Middle School and the Gregor von Scherr Realschule . The Neunburg vocational school for agricultural and forestry-technical professions with boarding school is also located in the city. The branch of the Volkshochschulen Schwandorf-Land and the municipal music school in the Old Castle are also part of the educational offer for the region .
The new building of the Schwarzachtalhalle , which opened in 2012, is the focal point for cultural events in the region. The city and its surrounding area are an important example of soft tourism in Eastern Bavaria. The restaurant “ Obendorfers Eisvogel ” , which was awarded two Michelin stars in 2020, is located in the Hofenstetten district .
geography
Neunburg vorm Wald lies at an altitude of 398 m above sea level. NHN on a rock plateau in the Schwarzachtal in the Upper Palatinate Forest .
City structure
The city of Neunburg vorm Wald consists of the following 74 districts . Below is a desert :
Desolation:
history
Until the 18th century
The Schwarzachtal was already settled in early history . The oldest documented settlement is in the area of what is now the Am Aign district, near the banks of the Schwarzach . A document from the Carolingian era proves the residence of a manor in Nordgau (Bavaria) . At that time the place consisted of a wooden fortification and a St. James' Church with a cemetery. Around 900 the new castle with a moat was built , which gave Neunburg vorm Wald its name. The place was first mentioned in writing on April 28, 1017 as Níwnbúrg in a deed of donation from Emperor Heinrich II to the diocese of Bamberg issued in Ingelheim . At that time, Neunburg vorm Wald, a number of other places in the Nordgau, came to the diocese created on January 1, 1007 from parts of Würzburg and Bamberg. In the 12th century the names of the noble families of Neunburg , Ortenburg and Truhendinger appeared for the first time in Neunburg vorm Wald as fiefdoms. In 1261 the Wittelsbachers bought the manors of Neunburg and Warberg. From 1289 the place had market rights , from 1300 city rights . The upswing was due to the location on a trade and military route to Bohemia .
Under Ruprecht II , Neunburg vorm Wald became a royal seat of the Palatinate Wittelsbach family in 1354 . The castle was rebuilt and the town was granted brewing rights . Ruprecht III. founded the first hospital in 1398 . His son Count Palatine Johann in Neunburg vorm Wald, founder of the branch line of the Palatine Wittelsbach family, helped the city to flourish. He died in 1443 in Kastl Abbey and was buried in Neunburg vorm Wald. After his death, the city began to decline economically. During the Reformation , Neunburg vorm Wald became Evangelical-Lutheran for three generations. During the Thirty Years' War during the re-catholicization in Bavaria, the city was occupied by evangelical troops of the Swedes in 1634 and besieged by the Imperial Army in 1641 . In the years that followed, the population of the city, which was partially destroyed by the war, fell sharply. In 1705 the Upper Palatinate was occupied by troops of the Habsburg Monarchy during the War of the Spanish Succession . An uprising against the forced recruitment of mercenaries in the Schwarzach Valley, organized by Pastor Florian von Miller , was unsuccessful. In 1722 the monastery Neunburg vorm Wald , which was secularized in 1803, was founded. During the War of the Austrian Succession , Neunburg vorm Wald was besieged by Panduren under Franz von der Trenck in 1742 .
19th to 21st century
In the revolutionary year of 1848 the hereditary servitude ended with the peasants' liberation . After fires in 1746, 1800 and 1876, the cityscape changed significantly. Several historical buildings were sold or demolished. With industrialization , glass grinding shops were formed in the surrounding area. In 1896 the Bodenwöhr railway reached the city. The district office of Oberviechtach was separated from Neunburg vorm Wald in 1900. In 1903 the electricity works and the municipal and community works were built, in 1906 a Protestant church was built and in 1915 the railway line to Rötz was opened.
At the end of the Second World War in April 1945, the death marches of concentration camp prisoners began from the Flossenbürg concentration camp to the Dachau concentration camp . On April 21, 1945 a death march reached Neunburg vorm Wald. While the train was resting, the population brought them potatoes and water. The SS carried out a massacre outside the town. 160 of the concentration camp prisoners involved in the death march were murdered and the dead buried in a wooded area on the Plattenberg. When the Americans liberated Neunburg vorm Wald shortly afterwards, they found the bodies. The Americans ordered all adults to bury the dead with dignity. On April 29, 1945, all citizens of the cemetery had to pass the open coffins with the dead and pay their respects to them. Numerous victims were buried in the Catholic cemetery in Neunburg vorm Wald and later reburied in Flossenbürg. Victims discovered later were reburied in the concentration camp cemetery built in 1950 .
After the Second World War there was an upswing and the population increased again due to displaced persons . New housing estates and industrial areas emerged. In 1963 the district town became a garrison of the Bundeswehr (see below). The road to the train station Bodenwöhr and the local training area was suitable for trucks and tracked vehicles rebuilt. The barracks were closed in 2007 after the associations were dissolved.
Incorporations
On January 1, 1972, the previously independent communities of Fuhrn, Kröblitz and Seebarn (with Thann, which was incorporated in 1945 or 1946 ) were incorporated. On July 1, 1972, Mitteraschau was added with Katzdorf, which was incorporated in 1945 or 1946, and parts of Kleinwinklarn. Eixendorf, Lengfeld and Meißenberg as well as part of the dissolved communities Kemnath bei Fuhrn (main part) and Unterauerbach followed on January 1, 1974. On May 1, 1978 Penting and parts of the dissolved community Alletsried were added.
Population development
Between 1988 and 2018, the city grew from 7,301 to 8,338 by 1,037 inhabitants or 14.2%.
Population development of Neunburg vorm Wald from 1840 to 2018.
politics
City council
The city council of Neunburg vorm Wald consists of 20 members and the mayor . After the local elections on March 15, 2020 with a turnout of 59.2%, the members of the city council are distributed among the individual parties and lists as follows:
| SPD | FW | CSU |
|---|---|---|
| 3 seats | 6 seats | 11 seats |
mayor
Martin Birner (CSU) has been the first mayor since 2011. In the 2020 local elections, he accounted for 73.5% of the votes cast.
Mayor of the city of Neunburg vorm Wald:
- 1972–1993 Josef Manlik (CSU)
- 1993–2011 Wolfgang Bayerl (FW)
- 2011– Martin Birner (CSU)
Culture and sights
Museums
- Schwarzachtaler Heimatmuseum
- Local history museum of the Upper Palatinate Forest
Art and music
- Municipal music school in the castle
- Palace Hall: The formerly converted into a courtroom in the style of historicism serves as a concert hall. In addition to music events, vernissages, lectures and celebrations take place there.
- Art Association Unverdorben e. V.
- Local bands have joined the Black River Culture Club e. V. joined forces to promote cultural life in and around the city.
- Stadtkapelle Neunburg vorm Wald
Buildings
The following notable buildings can be found in the city:
- Am Bügerl: Historic buildings and narrow streets form the character of the Bügerl, a district of the old town. Many of these buildings and remains of the city wall are listed.
- Bahnhofsstraße: Buildings from the turn of the century as well as the New Baroque can be found in Bahnhofstraße . Solitary buildings with hipped roofs characterize this street.
- Ensemble Altstadt Neunburg vorm Wald: The church of St. Josef , the castle , the palace and fortifications with towers, walls and kennels stand on a granite spur between Rötzerbach and Schwarzach and together with the townhouses along the town hill and the main street form the historic old town of Neunburg.
- Ensemble Vorstadt / Am Aign: The center of the oldest part of the old town is the Romanesque Jakobskirche, a former fortified church around which a now abandoned cemetery was laid out. Guest houses and residences developed around this core.
- Evangelical-Lutheran Reconciliation Church with bell tower
- Neunburg vorm Wald monastery with Theresia-Gerhardinger-Haus: In this former Franciscan monastery, Karolina Gerhardinger and two of her companions began a monastic life in 1833 with a focus on upbringing and education. The monastery became the founding house of the Order of the Poor School Sisters of Our Lady
- New Castle (Neunburg vorm Wald)
- Town hall with Schrannenplatz: The late Gothic town hall from 1411 on the central square of the old town with Marienbrunnen from 1888. The two gate passages under the town hall that lie one above the other in opposite directions are remarkable.
- Neunburg Castle in front of the forest
- Schwarzachtalhalle : The Schwarzachtalhalle serves as a town and event hall, connected to a park with a playground.
- City parish church of St. Josef
Architectural monuments
In Neunburg vorm Wald there are numerous historical buildings from various eras that are listed as historical monuments .
Cultural event
- Open-air festival Vom Hussenkrieg
- Old town festival throughout the old town with music and art, mid-August
- Schwarzachtalmesse
- Medieval market in Neunburg vorm Wald
Top gastronomy
With the gourmet restaurant "Obendorfers Eisvogel" by Hubert Obendorfer in the country hotel Birkenhof in the Hofenstetten district, Neunburg vorm Wald has a restaurant that is currently awarded two Michelin stars.
Parks and green spaces
- City park: In addition to a mini golf course, a modern skater facility, and rowing and pedal boats, there is an educational dowsing trail
- Park at the Torweiher
- Dietrich-Bonhoeffer Park
- rose Garden
- Golf and Country Club Oberpfälzer Wald in Ödengrub
- Eixendorfer reservoir
Protected areas
- Stake nature reserve
- Prackendorfer and Kulzer Moos nature reserve
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
The city of Neunburg vorm Wald is an important business location in the region and offers work for around 3,300 employees, of which 1,900 are commuters. A business park was set up in the former barracks area on the Plattenberg .
The trade tax has a rate of 320%. The property tax is divided into assessment rate A (agriculture) with 310% and assessment rate B (land) with 330%. The tax number of the city of Neunburg vorm Wald is 211/114/50347.
The most important companies in the city include the electrical engineering group Fleischmann Elektrotech Engineering (F.EE), which has its headquarters in Neunburg and is the largest employer in the city with over 1000 employees, The Lorenz Snack-World which is based in Neunburg u. a. Potato chips and snacks are produced and the confectionery Trolli GmbH . Buchbinder Rent-a-Car operates a logistics center in the industrial park on the site of the former Bundeswehr barracks .
Public facilities
The public facilities of Neunburg vorm Wald include the office of the Office for Food, Agriculture and Forests in Schwandorf , the branch office of the Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying in Nabburg, the Schwarzachtalhalle, the city library, the indoor swimming pool and the outdoor adventure pool.
education
Educational institutions in Neunburg vorm Wald:
- Elementary school Neunburg
- Middle School Neunburg
- Gregor von Scherr secondary school in Neunburg
- State Vocational Training Center Oskar von Miller, (Agriculture and Forestry)
- Adult Education Center Neunburg
- Music school Neunburg
- Convent of the poor school sisters
The closest grammar schools are the Ortenburg grammar school in Oberviechtach and the Regental grammar school in Nittenau .
Former Bundeswehr base
In 1963 the city became an army garrison of the Bundeswehr . The tank battalion 114, the tank artillery battalion 115 , other units of the Panzergrenadierbrigade 11 (or Jägerbrigade 11) and a site administration were stationed in Neunburg . The Pfalzgraf-Johann-Kaserne was closed in 2007.
traffic
automobile
Several state roads run through Neunburg vorm Wald. State road 2151 connects Neunburg with Schwarzenfeld , where the closest junction to the A 93 is located. The national road 2398 extends in the north via Dieterskirchen according Oberviechtach to B 22 by Weiden idOpf. and in a southerly direction to Bodenwöhr to the B 85 . From there, the Teublitz junction of the A 93 towards Regensburg can be reached via the SAD 1 district road .
The State Road 2040 connects via Neunburg vorm Wald western district of Cham with Nabburg .
Public transport
On school days, several regular buses run from Neunburg to Oberviechtach and Cham . Other bus routes lead to Nittenau and Schwandorf .
The RVV line 43 runs twice a day from Neunburg vorm Wald to Regensburg main station .
railroad
→ Main article: Bodenwöhr – Rötz railway line
From 1896 the railway connected Bodenwöhr Nord to Neunburg vorm Wald via Penting . In 1915 the railway line was extended to Rötz .
In Neunburg there was another stop in addition to the train station with goods halls and warehouses. This so-called Ostbahnhof was located at the Torweiher at today's Schwarzachtalhalle . The former station building is now used as a public toilet. In addition, a bronze memorial commemorates the railway in Neunburg. On December 13, 1969, however, passenger traffic on the railway was stopped. In the following years only a few freight trains drove and the route was expanded to a cycle path in 1998 after operations were closed in 1994.
Nearby train stations are Bodenwöhr Nord, Schwandorf , Roding and Regensburg Hbf .
Long-distance cycle paths
Neunburg vorm Wald lies on the disused Bodenwöhr – Rötz railway line , on whose route the Regen-Schwarzach cycle path (Nittenau-Neunburg) and the Schwarzachtal cycle path (Nabburg- Rybník nad Radbuzou ) run. The Aschatal cycle path to Schönsee also begins here.
Trivia
From 1986 to the end of 1999, in a state-funded pilot project with the participation of Bayernwerk (today E.ON ), BMW , Linde and Siemens, the regenerative generation of hydrogen by means of electrolysis and its use etc. a. studied as a fuel. The solar-hydrogen plant in Neunburg vorm Wald received national attention in specialist circles. Nevertheless, the project was abandoned in 1999 and the information center built next to the facility was closed. The buildings were expanded and turned into the location of the Stadtwerke Neunburg vorm Wald. The large photovoltaic system is still in operation today and supplies green electricity for the municipal utilities.
In 2017, the Federal Ministry of Finance issued a special postage stamp “1000 years of the city of Neunburg vorm Wald” to mark the city's anniversary. It was worth 45 cents and was available at Deutsche Post outlets.
photos
Town Hall ⊙
Coat of arms on the town hall
New Castle and Parish Church of St. Josef
Castle Festival From the Hussenkrieg
Watch tower
City center (2016)
Hospital Church
Schiltenhilm
KZ Ehrenfriedhof Neunburg vorm Wald
Personalities
Honorary citizen
Daughters and sons of the city
- Johann (Pfalz-Neumarkt) (1383–1443), Count Palatine and Duke in Bavaria
- Johann Schlaginhaufen (1498–1560), reformer
- Johann Agricola (1590–1668), doctor and alchemist
- Georg Greflinger (1620–1677), baroque poet
- Carl Siegmund Count and Lord von Aufseß (1684–1745), Count and district judge in Neunburg
- Sebastian Dachauer (1778–1863), theologian and local researcher from Upper Bavaria
- Joseph August Röckel (1783–1870), opera singer, friend of Beethoven
- Elisabeth Röckel (1793–1883), opera singer, wife of Johann Nepomuk Hummel
- Gregor von Scherr (1804–1877), Archbishop of Munich and Freising, namesake of the local secondary school
- Hermann Stadler (1861–1921), classical philologist and science historian
- Friedrich Maier (* 1935), classical philologist, professor for the didactics of ancient languages at the Humboldt University
- Ernst Probst (* 1946), science journalist, publisher and author
- Angela Diederichsen (* 1950), judge at the Federal Court of Justice
- Günther Troppmann (* 1951), CEO of Deutsche Kreditbank
Personalities at work in Neunburg vorm Wald
- Paul Zeidler (1548–1627), humanist and rector of the Neunburg Latin School
- Johann von Mandl (1588–1666), statesman, keeper of Neunburg
- Karolina Gerhardinger (1797–1879), blessed religious and founder of the Congregation of the Poor School Sisters of Our Lady
- Stefan Oster (* 1965), Bishop of Passau, spent his primary school in Neunburg vorm Wald
literature
- Gottfried Dachauer (Mayor) and Sebastian Dachauer : Chronicle of the city of Neunburg v. W. , two volumes, 1841
- Anton Neckermann: Neunburg vorm Wald district , Munich-Assling, 1968
- City of Neunburg vorm Wald (ed.). Theo Männer et al .: 1000 years Neunburg vorm Wald 1017–2017. media9-Schmidl Druck, Neunburg vorm Wald 2016.
Web links
- www.neunburg.de
- www.1000.neunburgvormwald.de
- Aerial views of the city
- Entry on the coat of arms of Neunburg vorm Wald in the database of the House of Bavarian History
- Festival website
- Website of the Association of Cities with Hussite Tradition and History
- Website of the Schwarzachtalhalle
- Neunburg vorm Wald: Official statistics of the LfStat
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ↑ LEP: Appendix 1 Central Places (municipalities according to the respective territorial status) - Citizen Service. In: Bayern.Recht. Bavarian State Chancellery, accessed on August 8, 2019 .
- ↑ Neunburg remains the holiday leader. Retrieved February 13, 2019 .
- ^ Marten Rolff: The starry sky over Berlin. Süddeutsche Zeitung, accessed on March 4, 2020 .
- ^ Regesta Imperii II, 4 n.1901 ( online ; accessed April 5, 2017).
- ↑ Source 19: Slange (1641). The Thirty Years' War in personal testimonies, chronicles and reports. B. Warlich, accessed August 14, 2012 .
- ↑ Flossenbürg Concentration Camp , Peter Heigl, 1994, ISBN 3-921114-29-2 , pp. 27–41
- ↑ Commemorative plaques at the Ehrenfriedhof Neunburg vorm Wald concentration camp: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Gedenktafel_2_am_KZ_Friedhof_Neunburg_vorm_Wald.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikimedia_Wikipedia/commons/28/Gedenhof_Neunburg_Wald. jpg
- ^ Neunburg vorm Wald: local history. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 27, 2013 ; Retrieved August 14, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 534 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 667 and 668 .
- ^ Database statistical data for Bavaria
- ↑ Bavarian municipal elections. Retrieved July 22, 2017 .
- ↑ according to source www.neunburgvormwald.de, accessed on November 25, 2019
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from July 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Neunburg vorm Wald: local history. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 27, 2013 ; Retrieved September 25, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Oberpfälzer Kulturbund: The solar hydrogen project in Neunburg vorm Wald , PDF, accessed August 24, 2012
- ↑ eOn, 2002: Renewable Energies and Solar Hydrogen ( Memento of the original from April 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed August 24, 2012
- ^ BR-online, 2008: Energie von der Sonne , accessed August 24, 2012
- ↑ Circulation four million copies , accessed June 1, 2017
- ↑ Star East. Retrieved February 16, 2018 .
Altendorf | Bodenwohr | Bruck in the Upper Palatinate | Burglengenfeld | Dieterskirchen | Fensterbach | Slip | Guteneck | Maxhütte-Haidhof | Nabburg | Neukirchen-Balbini | Neunburg vorm Wald | Niedermurach | Nittenau | Oberviechtach | Pfreimd | Schmidgaden | Schönsee | Schwandorf | Schwarzach near Nabburg | Schwarzenfeld | Schwarzhofen | Stadlern | Steinberg am See | Stulln | Teublitz | Teunz | Thanstein | Trausnitz | Wackersdorf | Weiding | Wernberg-Koeblitz | Winklarn
Unregulated areas: Wolferlohe
Tree yard | Bernmühle | Büchlhof | Diendorf | Ebersdorf | Eichental | Eixendorf | Frankenthal | Fox farm | Fuhrn | Fürstenhof | Gonnersdorf | Basic mill | Gutenland | Hammerberg | Hammerhof | Hartlshof | Haslarn | Heimerlmühle | Hofenstetten | Katzdorf | Kemnath near Fuhrn | Kemnathermühle | Kleinwinklarn | Kohlhof | Könneröd | Krandorf | Kröblitz | Flax mill | Lengfeld | Luigendorf | Meißenberg | Mitteraschau | Mitterauerbach | Mittermurnthal | Nefling | Neuhäusl | Neumurnthal | Neunburg vorm Wald | Oberaschau | Oberauerbach | Oberlangenried | Obermurnthal | Oedengrub | Penting | Pettendorf | Pissau | Poggersdorf | Rammühle | Rice | Saint Leonhard | Seebarn | Stetten | Stettnermühle | Stockarn | Thann | Thannmühle | Traunhof | Traunhofermühle | Unteraschau | Unterlangenried | Untermurnthal | Unterwarberg | Warberg | Warnthal | Wenigrötz | Wilbersdorf | Wohnseß | Wundsheim | Wutzelskühn | Zanglhof | Time warning | Brick hut
Deserted areas: village mill