Oskar Pastior

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Oskar Pastior (1975)
Oskar Pastior: Urologist kisses the umbilical cord, 1st, Augsburg 1991. Signature Oskar Pastior
Berlin memorial plaque on Schlueterstrasse 53 in Berlin-Charlottenburg
Grave site, Stubenrauchstrasse 43–45, in Berlin-Friedenau

Oskar Pastior (born October 20, 1927 in Sibiu , Transylvania , † October 4, 2006 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a Romanian-German poet and translator .

Life

Oskar Pastior was born in Sibiu as a member of the German minority of the Transylvanian Saxons . His father was a drawing teacher. From 1938 to 1944 he attended high school in his hometown . In January 1945 the 17-year-old pastior was used as a slave laborer in labor camps in the course of the deportation of Romanian Germans to the Soviet Union . He was only able to return to Romania in 1949, where he made a living from auxiliary and odd jobs in the following years. During the following three years of military service in the Romanian army , he made up his Abitur in correspondence courses . He then worked as a concrete technician in a construction company. From 1955 to 1960 he studied German at the University of Bucharest and passed his state examination there. From 1960 he was an editor at the German-speaking domestic department of the Romanian State Broadcasting Corporation.

In 1968 Pastior used a study visit to Vienna to flee to the West . He went on to Munich and then to West Berlin , where he has lived as a freelance writer and translator since 1969 . He worked u. a. on the translations of the works of Velimir Chlebnikow and Tristan Tzara .

Oskar Pastior died on October 4, 2006 during the book fair in Frankfurt am Main. He was buried in the Schöneberg III cemetery in Berlin-Friedenau .

Artistic creation

In the German-language literature of the 20th century, Oskar Pastior was an outstanding exponent of poetry, the main concerns of which are language games and verbal arts, whereby the boundaries to nonsense poetry are often blurred. His work was strongly influenced by the sound poetry of Dadaism , but also by the extreme artistry of the authors of the OULIPO group . His first poetry publications (first volume of poetry Offne Wort , 1964) in Romania in the 1960s caused a sensation and brought him two important Romanian literary prizes.

Pastior has been a member of the Bielefeld Colloquium Neue Poesie since 1977 , of the Academy of Arts (Berlin) since 1984, of the German Academy for Language and Poetry in Darmstadt since 1989 and of the OULIPO association since 1993 . He was also a member of the Esslingen Artists 'Guild and the European authors' association " Die Kogge ". In 1993/94 he gave lectures as part of the foundation guest lecturer's position on poetics at the J.-W.-Goethe University in Frankfurt (“The absurdity in itself”).

The deportation fate of the protagonist in Herta Müller's novel Atemschaukel is based on Oskar Pastior's own experiences in the Soviet prison camp. Müller had done this memory work together with Pastior, during which they met weekly for a writing appointment. In 2004 they made a joint trip to the camps in the Ukraine, Krivoy Rog and Gorlowka .

The “Oskar Pastior” International Poetry Festival, organized by Ernest Wichner from the Literaturhaus Berlin and Corina Bernic from the Bucharest Cultural Institute, took place for the first time in Sibiu in early October 2007 . It was repeated two more times in 2008 and 2009. Inger Christensen , Urs Allemann , Herta Müller , Oswald Egger and Jean Daive , among others , took part . But the interest in Sibiu, and the willingness to support it, were obviously not great enough in Sibiu, and the festival was discontinued.

Pastior's estate has been in the German Literature Archive in Marbach since 2007 . Parts of it can be seen in the permanent exhibition of the Modern Literature Museum in Marbach.

Foundation and award, events

The Oskar Pastior Prize , which is awarded by the Oskar Pastior Foundation in Pastior's will and promotes experimental literature , is endowed with 40,000 euros. The award has been presented every two years since 2010. It went to Oswald Egger on May 28, 2010 in the Berlin City Hall . In 2012, the foundation decided not to award an award; instead, it endeavored to clarify Pastior's work with Securitate. The results of this research were published in 2013 in the volume Tried Reconstruction - Oskar Pastior and the Securitate (Edition Text + Criticism). In 2014 Marcel Beyer received the award, in 2016 Anselm Glück .

Awards and honors

Entanglement with the Romanian secret service

Oskar Pastior was posthumously accused of having been an unofficial employee for the former Romanian secret service Securitate from 1961 to 1968 under the code name "Otto Stein" , after having been under their surveillance for four years. The writer and journalist Hans Bergel pointed out in 1990 that the poet might be involved.

The writer Dieter Schlesak discovered around 2010 while studying his Securitate files that Oskar Pastior had spied on him in Romania in the 1960s as an unofficial employee for the former Romanian secret service Securitate . In the same year, the historian Stefan Sienerth , director of the Institute for German Culture and History of Southeast Europe at the LMU Munich , published a study on the question of whether Oskar Pastior had provided the Romanian secret service with incriminating information about Romanian-German writers. Among other things, it was quoted from Pastior's Securitate files: “In working with the 'Securitate', he [Pastior] has proven to be correct and has fulfilled the tasks assigned to him. He had provided useful materials on various 'suspicious people' on whom he had been targeted, especially West German citizens, whom he contacted either officially, through his office or at the behest of the 'Securitate'. "

Voices from the Romanian German literary scene:

Dieter Schlesak , who initially defended his former friend Pastior in the IM affair, describes him after seeing his own files as the "main spy" who was put on him by the Securitate. Schlesak accused Pastior of having contributed to the suicide of the young Transylvanian poet Georg Hoprich . The literary critic Ernest Wichner replied to Schlesak, "only to cite a conversation with Hans Bergel as the source, a beer table saga to be interpreted in this way or differently by hearsay as required."

The writer Richard Wagner demanded the relentless elucidation of the Securitate entanglement Pastior. For Wagner, Pastior was a “master of duplicity”. He also questioned the durability of the Oskar Pastior Foundation. Wagner viewed Pastior's work as “a firework of language artistry”, which however “lacks any moral justification”.

Grete Loew, a former colleague of Pastior's office in Sibiu, made allegations against him. She had been in political detention for 27 months for allegedly keeping anti-regime poems by Pastior. Pastior never apologized to her.

Nobel laureate Herta Müller, whose book Atemschaukel is based, among other things, on memories of her colleague and friend Pastior's imprisonment in a Soviet camp, was “disappointed”, “dismayed”, “horrified” and “bitter” in 2010. “Also anger”, then “sympathy” and “sadness” felt. Herta Müller said, “Of course it is terrible when you learn something dark, barely tangible from someone you thought you knew, something that was never entrusted to you. But then she remembered how vulnerable Pastior had been: a homosexual in a state that punished homosexuality with several years in prison ”.

Stefan Sienerth said: “The Pastior man has to be reassessed”, but then advised with reference to the Securitate files “... to be prudent and careful when dealing with this strange tradition”.

For the writer Claus Stephani , himself the target of reports on entanglement with the Securitate since 1961, Pastior has remained “a prisoner”: “One should not forget that Pastior was repeatedly stolen from fate - about his youth, which he turned into one had to spend the Soviet labor camp in order to be free, afterwards to be able to decide for himself about his future life ”.

The Pastior Foundation planned to set up a research group to investigate the entanglement of writers and the secret service in the dictatorship - also using Pastior's example. The result of the research was the special volume Attempted Reconstruction - Oskar Pastior and the Securitate of the Text + Criticism series .

Ernest Wichner and Corina Bernic had viewed dossiers on Pastior in the National Council's archives for the processing of the Securitate files and found in 2011 that Pastior had not harmed anyone. Wichner further defended Pastior in an interview in 2012: he had not been able to escape the pressure of the Securitate, but as an informant had only supplied irrelevant information.

The writer and civil rights activist Lutz Rathenow saw the Romanian-German debate about the Securitate past as a “mixture of attempted enlightenment and zeal for disinformation. [...] They wanted German conditions and expert reports from a reasonably reliable authority. And first of all we have an inkling of how right the German way was not to let access to files sink into this kind of privatization. "

Publications

  • Fludribusch in the plant home , Bucharest 1960.
  • Open words , literary publisher, Bucharest 1964.
  • Ralph in Bucharest , Bucharest 1964.
  • Poems , youth publisher, Bucharest 1965.
  • From the safest to the thousandth , Frankfurt am Main 1969.
  • Poems , Luchterhand, Darmstadt 1973.
  • Höricht , Verlag Klaus Ramm, Lichtenberg 1975.
  • To the new aubergine , Rainer Verlag, Berlin 1976.
  • Fleischeslust , Verlag Klaus Ramm, Lichtenberg 1976.
  • The Crimean Gothic fan , Renner Verlag, Erlangen 1978.
  • A tango poem and other texts , lcb editions, Berlin 1978.
  • Wechselbalg , poems 1977–1980, Verlag Klaus Ramm, Spenge 1980.
  • 33 poems , Hanser, Munich 1983 (arrangements of poems by Francesco Petrarca )
  • Sonetburger , Rainer Verlag, Berlin 1983.
  • Anagram poems , Renner Verlag, Munich 1985.
  • Ginger and However , Göttingen 1985.
  • Readings with tinnitus , Hanser, Munich 1986.
  • Roman sketch pad , Berlin 1986.
  • Expensive eggs , Paris 1986.
  • Opened the blinds . A reader. Edited by Klaus Ramm , Munich et al. 1987.
  • Oskar Pastior fashion booklet , Munich 1987.
  • Anagrams , Berlin 1988 (together with Galli)
  • Kopfnuss Januskopf , Hanser, Munich 1990.
  • Thirty-nine Gimpelstifte , Rainer Verlag, Berlin 1990.
  • A slice of Dingsbums , Ravensburg 1990.
  • Feiggehege , Berlin 1991.
  • Urologist kisses the umbilical cord , Augsburg 1991.
  • Vokalisen & Gimpelstifte , Hanser, Munich 1992.
  • A small art machine , Munich ao 1994.
  • The absurdity in itself , Frankfurt am Main 1994.
  • Gimpelschneise in the winter travel texts by Wilhelm Müller , Weil am Rhein a. a. 1997.
  • Hearing the genitive , Munich 1997.
  • Come in to frower , Tokyo et al. 1998 (together with Veronika Schäpers and Silke Schimpf)
  • The Janissaries Ten , Berlin 1998.
  • Location with Lambda , Berlin 1998.
  • Pan-tum tam-bur , Frankfurt am Main 1999 (together with Uta Schneider)
  • Saa uum , Frankfurt am Main 1999.
  • O you raw Iasmin , Weil am Rhein u. a. 2000.
  • Villanella & Pantum , Hanser, Munich 2000.
  • One molecule of tinnitus , Berlin 2002 (together with Gerhild Ebel)
  • Work edition , Hanser, Munich
    • Vol. 2. “Now you can write what you want!” , 2003.
    • Vol. 3. "Mint Mint flaumiran Schpektrum" , 2004.
    • Vol. 1. "... say you heard it rustling" , 2006.
    • Vol. 4. “... what begins to grow in the middle” , 2008.
  • Weighted poems. Chronology of the materials , Hombroich 2006.
  • Bacon Tower. 12 × 5 intonations to poems by Charles Baudelaire , Urs Engeler Editor, Basel 2007

Exhibition catalogs

  • Anselm Glück, Oskar Pastior , Essen 1986.

Translations

  • Tudor Arghezi : Im Bienengrund , Bucharest 1963
  • Tudor Arghezi: Write, pen ... , Bucharest 1964.
  • Tudor Arghezi: Of Large and Small Animals , Bucharest 1966.
  • Ștefan Bånulescu : Belated Echo , Berlin 1984 (translated together with Ernest Wichner )
  • Lucian Blaga : Selected Poems , Bucharest 1967
  • Lucian Blaga: Chronicle and Song of Lifetimes , Bucharest 1968.
  • George Coșbuc : The Story of the Geese , Bucharest 1958
  • Velimir Khlebnikov , My Chlebnikov . Russian German. With audio CD. Urs Engeler Editor, Weil am Rhein 2003, ISBN 3-905591-70-7 .
  • Radu Dumitru : The Last Smile , Frankfurt am Main 1991
  • Mihai Eminescu : The Prince from Tears , Bucharest 1963
  • Panaït Istrati : Kyra Kyralina. The thistles of Bărăgan , Bucharest 1963
  • Wiel Kusters : A famous drummer , Munich et al. 1998 (written together with Joep Bertrams )
  • Wiel Kusters: Carbone notata , Berlin 1988.
  • Gellu Naum : Oskar Pastior discovered Gellu Naum , Hamburg et al. 2001
  • Gellu Naum: Speech on the embankment to the stones , Zurich 1998.
  • Tudor Opriș : Wonder World , Bucharest 1963
  • Marin Sorescu : Abendrot No. 15 , Munich et al. 1985
  • Marin Sorescu: Superstition , Berlin 1974.
  • Marin Sorescu: The fakir as a beginner , Munich et al. 1992.
  • Marin Sorescu: Noah, I want to tell you something , Frankfurt am Main 1975.
  • Gertrude Stein : A book with There the pot has a hole at the end , Berlin 1987
  • Gertrude Stein: Reread another , Basel et al. 2004.
  • Petre Stoica : And nowhere a ship from Attica , Berlin 1977
  • Tristan Tzara : The early poems , Munich 1984
  • Urmuz : The entire work , Munich 1976

Translations of the works of Oskar Pastior

In Dutch

In English

In French

In Romanian language

literature

  • Theo Breuer : The night when Oskar Pastior died. In: Pebbles & Chestnut. Of new poems and stories. Monograph on contemporary poetry and prose after 2000. Edition YE, Sistig / Eifel 2008, ISBN 978-3-87512-347-0 .
  • Jürgen H. Koepp: The words and the reading - on Oskar Pastior's hermeneutics. About the construction of sense and meaning in poetics and hermeneutics. Aisthesis-Verlag, Bielefeld 1990, ISBN 3-925670-27-0 .
  • Information from and about Oskar Pastior. Work area d. Modern German literary studies at d. Univ. Bamberg, Bamberg 1985.
  • Festschrift for Oskar Pastior. Rohr, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-926602-02-3 .
  • Grazziella Predoiu: Freedom of meaning and anarchy of meaning. To the work of Oskar Pastior. Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 2004, ISBN 3-631-51864-1 . (Critical examination of this publication in the periodical Spiegelungen )
  • Burkhard Tewes: Give up your name. The word in contemporary poetry using the example of Oskar Pastior's texts. (= Literary studies in the blue owl; 12). Verlag Die Blaue Eule, Essen 1994, ISBN 3-89206-595-0 .
  • Ernest Wichner : Attempted Reconstructions - The Securitate and Oskar Pastior . (= Text + criticism Sonderband XII / 12). edition text + kritik , Munich 2013.
  • William Totok, “With treacherous slyness. Implementation of the official history and cultural policy in national-communist Romania with support from the intelligence service ”(II), in: Semi-annual publication for Southeast European history, literature and politics , 26th year, issue 1–2, 2014, pp. 147–167.

Web links

Commons : Oskar Pastior  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Der Spiegel : Died - Oskar Pastior , 41/2006, October 9, 2006, p. 230 (→ online )
  2. ↑ Herta Müller: Breathing swing . Novel. Hanser Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-446-23391-1 .
  3. ↑ Stuttgarter Zeitung : Interview with Ernest Wichner , December 9, 2009 (→ online ( memento of October 30, 2010 in the Internet Archive ))
  4. ^ Literaturhaus Berlin : Poetry Festival
  5. ↑ According to information from the Literaturhaus Berlin
  6. ↑ DLA press releases from 2007. ( Memento from March 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) PM 035 relates to the estate of Oskar Pastior.
  7. ↑ Südtirol Online: Oswald Egger receives the Pastior Prize awarded for the first time , February 26, 2010 (→ online ( Memento from May 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive ))
  8. ↑ Marcel Beyer receives the Oskar Pastior Prize 2014. Internationales Literaturfestival Berlin, accessed on May 5, 2015 .
  9. ^ Hans Bergel : Existential scourge Securitate, "Thilo" Hoprich and Oskar Pastior. In: Südostdeutsche Vierteljahresblätter, Munich, year 39/1990, 1, pp. 13-14 (→ online )
  10. ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , Felicitas von Lovenberg: Interview with the historian Stefan Sienerth. The human pastior has to be reassessed , November 17th, 2010 (→ online )
  11. ↑ a b Stefan Sienerth : I'm afraid of uninvented stories. To Oskar Pastior's "Securitate" file. In: Spiegelungen, 5th [59th] year 2010, issue 3, pp. 236–271.
  12. ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Dieter Schlesak : Oskar Pastiors spy reports. The school of schizophrenia. November 16, 2010 (→ online )
  13. ↑ Die Zeit , Iris Radisch: In der relational hell , November 25, 2010 (→ online )
  14. ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: IM affair Oskar Pastior - spies and spies , November 18, 2010 (→ online )
  15. ↑ Die Welt , Richard Wagner : Securitate-IM Pastior is treated like a victim , October 17, 2010 (→ online )
  16. ^ Neue Zürcher Zeitung , Richard Wagner : From the legacy to the legacy. Oskar Pastior's double life as a poet and informant for the Securitate. November 18, 2010 (→ online )
  17. ↑ Deutschlandradio : "I don't see how this could be continued" , November 17th, 2010 (→ online )
  18. ↑ Siebenbürger Zeitung, Konrad Klein: A woman who refused to be broken, October 11, 2010 (→ online )
  19. ↑ Die Zeit : Herta Müller dismayed by the Pastiors spying , November 17, 2010.
  20. ↑ Der Spiegel : Poet as IM: Herta Müller shocked by Pastior's Securitate activity September 17, 2010.
  21. ↑ Der Spiegel, Susanne Beyer, Nikolaus von Festenberg, Elke Schmitter : Also you, my friend , September 20, 2010.
  22. ↑ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: Interview with the historian Stefan Sienerth - The human pastior must be reassessed. November 17, 2010 (→ online )
  23. ↑ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: Report by a Securitate employee - Sister Lie, Brother Pain , November 20, 2010 (→ online )
  24. ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: The double pastor. Response from Herta Müller , November 19, 2010, No. 270, p. 34 (→ online )
  25. ^ Hannelore Baier : Oskar Pastior and Ernst Jandl . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung für Romania from October 8, 2011
  26. ↑ Ernest Wichner: Oskar Pastior - a harmless traitor , Deutsche Welle from July 9, 2012 [1] , accessed on January 30, 2018
  27. ↑ The German way of investigating files was correct. http://www.tabularasa-jena.de/artikel/artikel_2817/
personal data
SURNAME Pastior, Oscar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH October 20, 1927
PLACE OF BIRTH Sibiu , Transylvania , Romania
DATE OF DEATH October 4, 2006
Place of death Frankfurt am Main