Karagandy (area)

Karagandy Region Қарағанды ​​облысы Карагандинская область
coat of arms
Basic data
State :	Kazakhstan
Administrative headquarters :	Karagandy
Founded:	March 10, 1932
Area :	427,982  km²
Residents :	1,376,882 (Jan 1, 2020)
Population density :	3 inhabitants per km²
Time zone :	EKST ( UTC + 6 )
Postal code :	10xxxx
Telephone code :	+7 (721)
License plate :	09 (old: M, K)
KATO code:	350000000
ISO 3166-2 :	KZ-KAR
Äkim ( governor ) :	Schengis Qassymbek
Website :	karaganda-region.gov.kz
Location in Kazakhstan

The Karagandy Region ( Kazakh Қарағанды ​​облысы / Qaraghandy oblysy , Russian Карагандинская область / Karagandinskaja Oblast ) is the largest administrative unit of Kazakhstan and is located in the center of the country. The capital of the region is the city of Karaganda (Russian Karaganda ).

geography

The territory of Karagandy coincides geographically with the Kazakh Threshold ( Saryarka ). Only in the south is the plateau of the Hunger Steppe ( Betpak-Dala ) and in the south-west the Mujunkum desert . While the northern rayons (Kazakh. Ауданы / Audany ) of the area are located in the steppe zone , the semi-desert takes up the greater part in the middle, the south and southwest already belong to the desert kingdom . The Karagandy region borders in the north with the regions of Qostanai , Aqmola and Pavlodar ; in the east to the region of East Kazakhstan ; in the south to the areas of Almaty , Shambyl , Turkistan and Qysylorda and in the west to the area of Aktobe .

The highest mountain ranges in the area include Karkaraly , Kysyltas and Ulutau . The highest mountain is Aksorantau in the Karkaraly massif of the Kazakh threshold with almost 1566  m . The longest rivers are Sarysu (800 km) and Nura (978 km), plus Sherubai-Nura , Kara-Kengir , Kulskutpes and Tokrau . In general this area is rather barren and dry. Almost all rivers are the steppe rivers without drainage and which often dry out in midsummer, similar to the Australian creeks. Only the Nura River has water all year round. There are two large lakes on the territory of the Karagandy Territory, Lake Balkhash and Lake Tengiz . With an area of ​​18,000 km² on average, the Balkhash is one of the largest lakes in the world. In 1973 the Irtysh-Karagandy Canal was put into operation, through which 600 million cubic meters of water passes annually.

history

In prehistoric times, numerous nomadic khanates existed in the area; it is considered the ancient domain of the Kazakhs . From the Middle Ages to the early modern period the area was called Desht-i-Kipchak - Kipchak Steppes .

In the 19th century this territory came to the Russian Empire , which established some fortresses here such as Karkaralinsk and Ulutavskij. At the end of the century, hard coal of the highest quality was found not far from the Nura River , and since then the Qaraghandy basin has become one of the world's most important hard coal deposits.

The Karagandy region was created on March 10, 1932, but its center was initially Petropavlovsk . In 1936 the capital was moved to Karagandy. During this period, there were numerous Gulag camps on the territory of the area with the administrative center in Dolinka , where millions of people had to work in inhumane conditions, including some prominent dissidents such as Alexander Solzhenitsyn and Lev Kopelev .

After the war the area gained further importance. In 1973 that part of the area south of the Karagandy Basin was attached to the newly formed Sheqazghan area. In 1992, a rayon in the Aqmola area was given to Karagandy. In 1997 the Sheqasghan area was reverted to Karagandy.

population

Ethnic groups

Ethnic group	VZ 1989		VZ 1999		VZ 2009
	number	%	number	%	number	%
Kazakhs	449,837	25.77%	529.478	37.55%	622.265	46.40%
Russians	817,900	46.86%	614.416	43.57%	529.961	39.51%
Ukrainians	128,547	7.36%	78,755	5.58%	49,969	3.73%
German	159.208	9.12%	57,229	4.06%	32,787	2.44%
Tatars	52,769	3.02%	39,313	2.79%	32,730	2.44%
Belarusians	35,731	2.05%	21,579	1.53%	13,370	1.00%
Korean	14,672	0.84%	14.097	1.00%	13,354	1.00%
Chechens	5997	0.34%	4660	0.33%	5099	0.38%
Azerbaijanis	4787	0.27%	3667	0.26%	4122	0.31%
Poland	7239	0.41%	5572	0.40%	3982	0.30%
Other	68,761	3.94%	41,452	2.94%	38,667	2.88%

Population development

The population of the Karagandy area as of January 1, 2020 was around 1.38 million people, placing it in fourth place in Kazakhstan in terms of population. The area reached its highest population level in the Soviet census in 1989, when the Karaganda Oblast in its present borders had a population of just under 1.85 million. After Kazakhstan declared its independence from the Soviet Union, the Karagandy area suffered a decline in population. The number of residents decreased by more than 400,000 people within ten years, which corresponds to a decrease of almost 25 percent. The whole of Kazakhstan experienced a decline in population in the 1990s, but the population loss was greater in the northern areas of the country than in other parts of the country.

year Residents 1939¹ 418.316 1959¹ 1,018,661 1970¹ 1,552,056 1979¹ 1,715,502 1989¹ 1 848.157 1999¹ 1.410.218 2000 1,390,454

year Residents 2001 1,364,781 2002 1,344,244 2003 1,333,656 2004 1,330,927 2005 1,331,702 2006 1,334,438 2007 1,339,368

year Residents 2008 1,342,081 2009¹ 1,341,207 2010 1,346,810 2011 1,352,178 2012 1,357,878 2013 1,362,743 2014 1,369,667

year Residents 2015 1,378,298 2016 1,384,810 2017 1,382,734 2018 1,380,537 2019 1,378,532 2020 1,376,882

¹ census result

Politics and administration

Administrative division

The area is divided into nine districts ( Kazakh Ауданы Audany ; Russian Район Rajon ) and nine urban districts (munizipale, self-governing). In total there are eleven cities and 38 settlements with 1,000 to 10,000 inhabitants in the Karagandy area. The largest are: Agadyr , Aqtau , Aqtas , Atassu , Shachan and Shairem . The rural region is divided into 168 Aul districts at the lowest level .

Administrative division of the Karagandy Territory

Audany	Area [km²]	Residents	Administrative headquarters
Abai	6,725	58,949	Abai
Aqtoghai	51,997	17,331	Aqtoghai
Balqash (city)	5,916	79.191	Balqash
Buqar-Schyrau	14,403	56,908	Botaqara
Nura	46,326	22,314	Kievka
Osakarov	11,261	30,870	Osakarowka
Priosersk (city)	55	13,295	Priosersk
Karagandy (city)	498	497,954	Karagandy
Qaraschal (city)	792	18,586	Qaraschal
Qarqaraly	35,472	35,410	Qarqaraly
Saran (city)	161	52.010	Saran
Satbayev (city)	1.104	69,953	Satbayev
Shakhtinsk (city)	236	56,986	Shakhtinsk
Shangaarqa	62,348	34,522	Atassu
Sheqasghan (city)	1,761	91.904	Sheqasghan
Schet	65,695	41,993	Aqsu-Ajuly
Temirtau (city)	302	186.080	Temirtau
Ulytau	122.930	12,626	Ulytau
As of January 1, 2020

Äkim (governor)

List of governors ( Kazakh Әкім , Äkim ) of the Karagandy Oblast since 1992:

No.	Surname	Term of office (beginning)	Term of office (end)
01	Pyotr Nefjodov	1992	1997
02	Maschit Esenbayev	July 1997	October 1999
03	Kamaltun Muchamedzhanov	October 1999	January 19, 2006
04th	Nurlan Nyghmatulin	January 19, 2006	November 19, 2009
05	Serik Akhmetov	November 19, 2009	January 20, 2012
06th	Äbilghasy Qusaiynow	January 20, 2012	January 28, 2013
07th	Bauyrshan Abbdishev	January 29, 2013	20th June 2014
08th	Nurmuchambet Abdibekov	20th June 2014	March 14, 2017
09	Jerlan Qoshanov	March 14, 2017	18th September 2019
10	Schengis Qassymbek	19th September 2019	officiating

economy

The agglomeration around the city of Karagandy used to be one of the most important industrial areas of the Soviet Union . Qaraghandy is still the second most important industrial location in Kazakhstan after Almaty . Above all, the huge coal deposits of Karabass have secured it this status. In Sheqasghan and Balqash there are large works for the smelting of non-ferrous metals , mainly copper , and iron is mined in the area around Temirtau and Qaraschal . In these cities there are also factories for processing the metals, such as the goldsmith's with a jewelry factory in Balqasch, which was built in 2004, or the copper wire factory in Schesqasghan. The other branches of industry are mechanical engineering in Karagandy, chemical industry in Temirtau and the food industry in almost all larger cities.

In the vast steppe and semi-desert areas , cattle breeding , especially sheep breeding, is strongly developed. In the north, cattle and pigs are also kept and wheat is grown. Vegetables are grown everywhere around the cities; especially of potatoes. There are occasional small sunflower plantations and orchards.

Web links

Commons : Karagandy Territory  - Collection of images

• official website

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Численность населения Республики Казахстан по полу в разрезе областей и столицы, столицы, столицы, анколицы, столицы, городоав, областей и столицы, анкония, горойцы, коники, городоав,. ( Excel ; 96 KB) stat.gov.kz, accessed on July 19, 2020 (Russian). 
2. ↑ pop-stat.mashke.org: Ethnic composition: 1989 census (data for regions) , accessed June 24, 2017 (Russian).
3. ↑ pop-stat.mashke.org: Ethnic composition: 1999 census (data for regions) , accessed June 24, 2017 (Russian).
4. ↑ pop-stat.mashke.org: Ethnic composition: 2009 census , accessed June 24, 2017 (Russian).

Coordinates: 48 ° 0 '  N , 71 ° 0'  E