Ricarda Yikes

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Ricarda Huch around 1930 photographed by Wanda von Debschitz-Kunowski Ricarda Huch signature 1928.jpg

Ricarda Octavia Huch (born July 18, 1864 in Braunschweig , † November 17, 1947 in Schönberg im Taunus , today a district of Kronberg ; pseudonym Richard Hugo ) was a German writer , poet , philosopher and historian .

Life

Memorial plaque for the house where Ricarda Huch was born, the former Bierbaum villa

Family, studies, library work

Ricarda Huch was born as the third and last child of the businessman Richard Huch (1830–1887) and his wife Emilie, b. Hahn (1842–1883) was born in the Villa Bierbaum , Petrithor-Promenade 16 (today Inselwall ) in Braunschweig. The older siblings were sister Lilly (1859–1947) and brother Rudolf (1862–1943). The Huch family of merchants, who had lived in Braunschweig since 1815, gave birth to several, in some cases extremely productive, writers; next to Ricarda's brother Rudolf, the cousins Friedrich and Felix and their mother Marie . Marie Huch, in turn, was a daughter of the writer Friedrich Gerstäcker .

Ricarda Huch (left) and Anna Klie around 1875

At the time of Ricarda Huch's birth, the former Bierbaum property belonged to the Brunswick court banker and councilor Otto Löbbecke . She grew up just a few hundred meters away in the villa of the Huch family, Hohetorpromenade 11 (today Hohetorwall ). The villa had previously belonged to the paternal grandparents. Both buildings no longer exist today. Villa Bierbaum was badly damaged in World War II and demolished in 1961. There are two plaques commemorating Ricarda Huch. The original Villa Hohetorwall was demolished to make way for a new building in 1903, which has still been preserved.

The three children had a carefree childhood in the stately Villa Hohetorpromenade 11. Since her youth, Ricarda was close friends with Anna Klie, who later also lived in Braunschweig . This friendship lasted over three decades until Klie's death in 1913. Both shared an interest in literature, with Anna introducing Klie Huch to the work of Gottfried Keller , among other things . Both friends maintained a lively correspondence throughout their lives. Ricarda Huch described her friendship with Anna Klie, which lasted more than 30 years, as "a pretty solid point in her changeful existence".

In 1879, Ricarda Huch was 15, her sister Lilly married their common cousin and doctorate in law Richard Huch (1850-1912), son of his uncle William Huch and his wife Agnes. The following year Ricarda fell passionately in love with her brother-in-law. This untenable situation in the Huch house escalated into a city-wide scandal, so that Ricarda Huch had to leave Braunschweig in 1886. She went to Zurich , Switzerland , first of all to do the Abitur , which was not yet possible in Germany at the time, and then to study history , philology and philosophy there; A woman studying was not yet possible in Germany at that time.

“I had been writing poetry since I was five and later wrote short stories; I was always aware that this was my task and my passion, which I would one day satisfy. While I was preparing for the Matura, I rarely allowed myself to write a verse, and even during my student days I resolved to devote all my energy to the work at hand, not to be distracted. Only once did I make an exception by writing a short story which I named 'The Gold Island'. It played in the age of the Portuguese discoveries and was based on the assumption that was widespread at the time that there was an island somewhere where gold could be found in abundance. As far as I can remember, the story swayed in the haze of immature poetry, something pulpy without bones, and completely lacked a sense of reality, as there was nothing experienced in it, but the kind editor of the 'Berner Bund', Joseph Viktor Widmann , put it in the Sunday supplement up and I got forty francs for it. With this first self-earned money I decided to have a photograph made by my acquaintances at the time and myself, which I intended to send to my grandmother, who was always a little concerned about my lot and the company in which I moved; both of my parents were no longer alive. "

- Ricarda Yikes
(1864–1947) as a student in Zurich. Writer, poet, philosopher, historian
Ricarda Huch as a student in Zurich

In 1891 she finished her studies with an examination for the teaching post for secondary schools. In 1892 she was one of the very first German women to receive her doctorate from the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Zurich with a historical thesis on the neutrality of the Confederation during the War of the Spanish Succession . Since her student days she had been friends with the veterinarian Marianne Plehn , who later became the first German professor in Bavaria. At the “Pension Walder” in Hottingen in Zurich , Huch met her lifelong friend, the chemistry student and later social politician Marie Baum , who made her a biographical monument in 1950: Shining Trail .

During her studies at the University of Zurich, Ricarda Huch worked as an unpaid assistant in the local library from 1889 . Their activity was initially limited to the formal collection of approx. 6000 brochures from the time of the French Revolution from the Usteri collection . Two years later a secretary position was created especially for her, which she took up on November 1, 1891. The area of ​​responsibility primarily included correspondence and the processing of printed matter. Ricarda Huch's private correspondence shows that she often found everyday library work to be boring and boring, and that she found herself under-challenged. On the other hand, she seemed to like herself again in the habit of the library clerk.

During her service, which lasted until 1894, Ricarda Huch's first play Evoë appeared in Berlin ! , which was well received in the press, although the encyclopedic and scholarly style was criticized. In parallel to his librarianship, Huch also began teaching at a girls' school, an activity that was to marginalize work in the library until she submitted the application for dismissal in autumn 1894. After she left the city library, the New Year's paper she wrote about the news collection of the Zurich canon Johann Jakob Wick was published in 1895 . Inspired by Wick's description of an exorcism , Huch published a novella entitled Eine Teufelei in the Sunday paper of the Bund . Legacy papers of the state clerk Potzmanterle .

Trieste, Munich, Berlin

Braunschweig, Bruchtorwall 1, Huch lived here from 1907 to 1910.

After working as a librarian and teacher in Zurich and Bremen, Huch lived in Vienna in 1897, where in 1898 she married the dentist Ermanno Ceconi (1871–1927), who was seven years her junior. Her daughter Marietta was born in 1899. Huch lived with Ceconi from 1898 to 1900 in his hometown Trieste , which at that time belonged to Austria-Hungary. During this time she was the first to write the history of the Italian unification " Risorgimento " under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi . Because this research had made her contribution to Italy, she was valued by the Italian fascists, which is why she was not persecuted later in National Socialist Germany (see below) .

Ricarda Huch, etching by Johann Lindner, 1901

In 1900 Huch moved to Munich with her family. There she made friends with the painter Sophie von Scheve . In 1905 Ceconi began a relationship with Käte Huch, daughter of Ricarda's sister Lilly and her crush Richard Huch, which led to the divorce of the two couples. In 1907 Ricarda and Richard Huch married. During this marriage the center of her life was again in Braunschweig. The marriage was unhappy and ended in divorce in 1911. Richard Huch died in 1914. After her divorce from Richard Huch, she lived - with interruptions - in Munich (1912–1916, 1918–1927), where many important books were written, for example her biography Michael Bakunin and the Anarchy (1923). Her important religious-philosophical books were also written here between 1914 and 1926 ( Luther's Faith , On the Meaning of Sacred Scripture and Depersonalization , The Recurring Christ ), with which she tried to save the Christian religion by translating diction and concepts into the modern age. In Munich she also came into contact with the women's movement , with whose masterminds Ika Freudenberg and Gertrud Bäumer she corresponded. Katia Mann describes in her memoirs that her children were receiving dental treatment from Ermanno Ceconi. In 1926 their daughter married Marietta Franz Böhm , who worked as a consultant in the Reich Ministry of Economics. In the same year Richarda Huch was the first woman to be accepted into the Prussian Poet Academy. In 1927 she moved to Berlin to live with her daughter and son-in-law , where she lived from 1927 to 1932. Her grandson Alexander Böhm was born in 1929 . Here was u. a. a work on the German Revolution 1848/1849 , Old and New Gods (1930).

During the time of National Socialism

Ricarda Huch (around 1914)

After the seizure of power of the Nazis Ricarda Huch denied one of the members of the Prussian Academy of Arts demanded declaration of loyalty to the new regime on the grounds that they "... many of the actions of the new government vehemently disapprove now made". As a protest against the expulsion of Alfred Döblin from the synchronized academy under its President Max von Schillings , she resigned as the first member in the spring of 1933. This fact was not made public in the “Third Reich”.

The behavior of the new rulers towards it remained contradictory. Huch received personal congratulatory telegrams from Goebbels and Hitler on her 80th birthday , but her birthday was not allowed to be mentioned in the press. It was known that it was hostile to National Socialism, but because of its Italian connections and the feared negative propaganda effect, no action was taken against it.

The first volume in its German history , published in 1934 , which the regime understood as an implicit criticism, was panned by the official literary criticism. Only Reinhold Schneider rated her work positively in a book review. The second volume could only appear with great difficulty in 1937, the third and last volume, completed in 1941, not at all. It was only published in Zurich in 1949, two years after Ricarda Huch's death.

House where Ricarda Huch lived in Jena, now on Ricarda-Huch-Weg

The period from 1935 to 1947, during which she lived with her daughter and her husband Franz Böhm in Jena , can be described as internal emigration until the end of the war . At Huch, this was characterized by numerous contacts with opponents of the National Socialist regime. Because there were few houses in the time of National Socialism in which an open word could be spoken, Ricarda Huch's apartment on what was then Oberer Philosophenweg (today Ricarda-Huch-Weg) developed into a place of conversation, where artists and scientists also frequented people, who themselves or their relatives were later involved in the unsuccessful assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler on July 20, 1944 . It was only thanks to a mix-up of names that her son-in-law was not arrested in the course of the persecution after July 20 . At a private invitation in May 1937, he and Huch had criticized the policies of the National Socialists, whereupon both were denounced by the university professor Richard Kolb and Boehm was withdrawn from teaching at the University of Jena . Huch, and with it Böhm, were under the protection of the National Socialist Reich Minister of Justice Franz Gürtner . In 1944, Huch received the Wilhelm Raabe Prize .

Last years

To erect a monument to the women and men of the resistance was a task for the now aged poet that she had set out to do after the “Third Reich”. This project of recording the lives of the resistance fighters in biographies was not entirely successful. At least she managed to impress posterity with the Munich White Rose and the Scholl siblings . In 1947, she handed over material on the resistance groups of the Red Orchestra to the writer Günther Weisenborn , who used it for his book The Silent Uprising . Other documents that Ricarda Huch had collected for her last book project were partly returned to the owners after her death and partly to the Institute for Contemporary History in Munich . It was not until 1997 that Ricarda Huch's original works were published by Leipzig University Press: To collect in a memorial book ...: Pictures of German resistance fighters .

In the immediate post-war period, the communist and Soviet authorities tried to win over Ricarda Huch: For example, the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena awarded Huch an honorary doctorate in 1946. She was a member and age president of the Advisory State Assembly of Thuringia , the appointed first pre-parliament of the re-established state of Thuringia .

A quote from Ricarda Huch from her time as senior president of the Advisory State Assembly of Thuringia adorns the Parliament in Erfurt today: Whoever enters the Thuringian State Parliament through the original entrance on Arnstädter Straße, will encounter her words from June 12, 1946 in the foyer, which like one Dedication work: "May the state of Thuringia never again set these stars in changing events: Law, freedom and peace."

At the first German writers' congress from October 4-8, 1947 in the Soviet zone of Berlin, she acted as honorary president and gave a widely acclaimed lecture. This marked a "first and serious turning point" in the relationship between writers and the new state. Because a few hours after her speech, she fled the Soviet occupation zone - very affected by constant controls, regulations and violence by the rulers. She traveled to Frankfurt am Main , where her son-in-law Franz Böhm had become Minister of Education in Hesse. Her health was no longer able to cope with the stresses and strains of traveling in the unheated train across the sector border. She died in the guest house of the city of Frankfurt in Schönberg on the morning of November 17, 1947. She found a grave of honor in the Frankfurt main cemetery (grave location: Gewann II, 204).

Literary work

Ricarda Huch; 1916, by Paul Peterich

Ricarda Huch's literary work is extremely extensive and of thematic and stylistic breadth. So she began with poetry, but then increasingly wrote novels and, above all, historical works, some of which are episodically located between history and literature . Her works about Romanticism (1899/1902), about the people in the Thirty Years' War and about personalities of the Vormärz and the German Revolution of 1848/1849 ( Old and New Gods , 1930) captivate with their extremely lively portrayals of people who are not afraid of personal evaluations .

In 1899 she succeeded with the story Der arme Heinrich , contained in the anthology Fra Celeste , a remarkable adaptation of the poor Heinrich , in which, unlike the original, the virgin who voluntarily sacrifices herself is not saved, but slaughtered. In doing so, she breaks with the expectations and values ​​of the reader, which is typical of early literary modernity . Ricarda Huch is considered to be the most important representative of literary Art Nouveau .

Ricarda Huch has devoted herself to Italian, German and Russian history since the 1910s. Her historical novels are mostly psychological and biographical. Among other things, she wrote biographies about Michail Bakunin and Federico Confalonieri . Its monumental German history originated between 1934 and 1947 and encompasses both the Middle Ages and the early modern period .

Huch took part in the various reform movements of the Weimar Republic and published, among other things, in the magazine Die Neue Generation .

Afterlife

Grave site in the main cemetery in Frankfurt am Main

With historical prose (historical novels, history books) she strongly influenced Golo Mann , who followed up her German history with a sequel, German history of the 19th and 20th centuries .

Shortly after her death, girls ' high schools in particular were named Ricarda Huch School , e.g. B. in Braunschweig -Gliesmarode, Hanover-List , Kiel , Krefeld , Hagen , Gelsenkirchen and Gießen , as well as a school in Dreieich . There is a Ricarda Huch secondary school in Dortmund , as well as in Munich.

In many cities and towns streets were named after her. There is a Ricarda Huch house in Jena . As a reminder, Darmstadt awards a Ricarda Huch Prize every three years .

Two asteroids are named after Ricarda Huch : the (879) Ricarda discovered in 1917 and the (8847) Huch discovered in 1990 and named in 1998 .

Awards and honors

In addition to the earlier philatelic appraisal of life's work (40-Pfennig special stamp 1975), Deutsche Post AG issued a special postage stamp worth 145 euro cents on July 3, 2014 on the occasion of the 150th birthday . Ricarda Huchs says on the brand: “No fear should paralyze me.” The design comes from the graphic designers Daniela Haufe and Detlef Fiedler from Berlin.

  • 1924 honorary citizen of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich
  • In 1924, on the occasion of her 60th birthday , Thomas Mann called her "The first woman in Germany ... probably the first in Europe today ..."
  • 1931 Goethe Prize from the City of Frankfurt
  • 1944 Wilhelm Raabe Prize
  • 1946 Honorary doctorate from the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena

Works

  • The federal oath. Comedy using historical events in the Swiss Confederation from 1798. Zurich 1890. (published under the name Richard Hugo)
  • Poems. Dresden 1891.
  • The Huguenot . Historical novella. In: Schweizerische Rundschau 1892; as book Bern 1932.
  • Evoe. Dramatic game. Berlin 1892.
  • The neutrality of the Confederation, especially of Zurich and Bern, during the War of the Spanish Succession. Dissertation Zurich 1892.
  • Memories of Ludolf Ursleu the Younger . Novel. Berlin 1893.
  • Poems. Leipzig 1894.
  • The game of the four Zurich saints. Performed for the inauguration of the new Tonhalle in Zurich on October 22, 1895. Printed as a manuscript Zurich 1895.
  • Wick's collection of leaflets and newspaper news from the 16th century in the Zurich City Library. Neujahrsblatt, ed. vd City Library in Zurich to the year 1895.
  • The moon dance by Schlaraffis. Novella. Leipzig 1896.
  • Devilies , fairy tales. Novellas. Leipzig 1897.
  • Haduvig in the cloister. Novella. Leipzig 1897.
Fra Celeste , first edition 1899
  • Fra Celeste and other stories. ( The poor Heinrich ; The end of the world ; The May meadow ). Hermann Haessel Verlag, Leipzig 1899.
  • The heyday of romance. Leipzig 1899.
  • Spread and decline of romance. Leipzig 1902.
  • Sleeping Beauty. A fairy tale game. Leipzig 1902 (composed as a festival in Zurich in 1892).
  • From Triumphgasse. Life sketches. Leipzig 1902.
  • Vita somnium breve. Roman 2 vols. Insel Verlag, Leipzig 1903 (title from 5th edition Leipzig 1913: Michael Unger ).
  • Of the kings and the crown. Novel. Stuttgart 1904.
  • Gottfried Keller . Schuster & Loeffler, Berlin / Leipzig 1904.
  • Soap bubbles. Three funny stories. ( Curriculum vitae of St. Wonnebald Pück ; From Bimbos Seelenwanderungen ; Das Judengrab .) Stuttgart 1905.
  • The stories of Garibaldi . (Vol. 1: The defense of Rome ; Vol. 2: The struggle for Rome ). Stuttgart / Leipzig 1906–1907.
  • New poems. Leipzig 1908.
  • The Risorgimento . Leipzig 1908.
  • The life of Count Federigo Confalonieri. Leipzig 1910.
  • Der Hahn von Quakenbrück and other short stories. (The singer; the new saint ) Berlin 1910.
  • The singer again in: The German novella of the present. Ed. Hanns Martin Elster, German Book Association Berlin n.d. (1925), pp. 5-36.
  • The last summer . A story in letters. Stuttgart 1910.
  • The great war in Germany . Historical novel. Vol. 1-3. Leipzig 1912–1914 (newly published as: The Thirty Years War. Leipzig 1929).
  • Nature and spirit as the roots of life and art. Munich 1914 (new ed. As: Vom Wesen des Menschen. Natur und Geist. Prien 1922).
  • Wallenstein. A character study. Leipzig 1915.
  • Luther's Faith. Letters to a friend. Leipzig 1916.
  • The Deruga case . Detective novel, Berlin 1917.
  • Jeremias Gotthelf's worldview. Lecture. Bern 1917.
  • The meaning of the scriptures. Leipzig 1919.
  • Old and new poems. Leipzig 1920.
  • Depersonalization. Leipzig 1921.
  • Michael Bakunin and the anarchy. Leipzig 1923.
  • Stone . Vienna / Leipzig 1925.
  • Devilies and other narratives. Haessel, Leipzig 1924.
  • Count Mark and the Princess of Nassau-Usingen . A tragic biography. Leipzig 1925.
  • The returning Christ. A grotesque story. Leipzig 1926.
  • In the old kingdom. Images of life in German cities. (3 volumes: The North / The Middle of the Reich / The South ) 1927.
  • New city pictures ( In the old empire, vol. 2). Leipzig 1929.
  • Collected poems. 1929.
  • Images of life in Mecklenburg cities. 1930/1931.
  • Old and New Gods (1848). The revolution of the 19th century in Germany. Berlin / Zurich 1930 (later as: 1848. The revolution of the 19th century in Germany. 1948; last re-published by Büchergilde Gutenberg, Frankfurt am Main / Vienna 1998, ISBN 3-7632-4749-1 .)
  • German history. 1934-1949.
  • Roman Empire of the German Nation. Vol. 1. Berlin 1934.
  • The age of split beliefs. Vol. 2. Zurich 1937.
  • Fall of the Roman Empire of the German Nation. Vol. 3. Zurich 1949.
  • Spring in Switzerland. Autobiographical representation. Zurich 1938.
  • White Nights. Novella, Zurich 1943.
  • Autumn fire. Poems, Insel, Leipzig 1944 (= Insel-Bücherei 144/2); Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1999, ISBN 3-518-22327-5 (= Suhrkamp library , volume 1327).
  • My diary. Weimar 1946.
  • Primal phenomena. Zurich 1946.
  • The wrong grandfather. Story, Insel, Wiesbaden 1947.
  • The silent uprising. Report on the resistance movement of the German people 1933–1945. Edited [and introduced] by Günther Weisenborn. Rowohlt Verlag, Hamburg 1953.
  • The Gold Island and other stories (still contains The Huguenot. Devilies. Patatini . Fra Celeste. The end of the world. The Jewish grave. The last summer ). Union Verlag, Berlin 1972.
  • To collect in a memorial book ...: Pictures of German resistance fighters . Edited from the estate by Wolfgang Matthias Schwiedrzik. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 1997, ISBN 3-931922-80-4 .
  • My heart, my lion: writings and letters. Selected and introduced by Katrin Lemke (ed.). Weimarer Verlagsgesellschaft, Weimar 2015, ISBN 978-3-7374-0218-7 .

Film adaptations

literature

  • Marie Baum : Shining lead. The life of Ricarda Huch. Wunderlich, Tübingen 1950.
  • Helene Baumgarten: Ricarda Huch. About her life and work. 2nd edition Böhlau, Cologne a. a. 1968.
  • Marianne Beese : Fight between the old and the new world. Poets of the turning point (Friedrich Hölderlin - Novalis - Heinrich Heine - Friedrich Hebbel - Ricarda Huch). 2nd edition Neuer Hochsch.-Schr.-Verl., Rostock 2001, ISBN 3-935319-80-0 .
  • Jutta Bendt: Ricarda Huch. 1864-1947. An exhibition of the German Literature Archive in the Schiller National Museum in Marbach am Neckar. May 7th - May 31st October 1994. Schiller National Museum Marbach. German Schillerges., Marbach am Neckar 1994, ISBN 3-929146-13-4 . (= Marbach catalogs; 47)
  • Cord-Friedrich Berghahn, Jörg Paulus and Jan Röhnert (eds.): A sense of history and creative power. Fictionalization process, genre poetics and self-reflection with Ricarda Huch. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-8253-6644-5 .
  • Jean-Pierre Bodmer: Ricarda Huch and the Zurich City Library - a symbiotic story. In: Zürcher Taschenbuch. NF 125 (2005), pp. 363-423.
  • Barbara Bronnen : Flying with Clipped Wings: Ricarda Huch's Final Years 1933–1947. Arche, Zurich 2007, ISBN 978-3-7160-2373-0 .
  • Claudia Bruns : Ricarda Huch and the Conservative Revolution. In: WerkstattGeschichte , 25, Results Verlag, Hamburg 2000, 29 pp. (PDF; 12 MB).
  • FD: Ricarda Huch. On her fiftieth birthday (July 18, 1914). In: Westermannsmonthshefte . Volume 116, 1914, pp. 936-937.
  • Heike Fielmann: Myth and Interpretation. Ricarda Huch's attempt to save the Christian faith. Frankfurt am Main 2008.
  • Anne Gabrisch: I throw my soul into the abyss. The love story of Ricarda and Richard Huch. Nagel u. Kimche, Zurich 2000, ISBN 3-312-00264-8 .
  • Rüdiger Frommholz:  Huch, Ricarda, née Huch (pseudonym Richard Hugo). In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , pp. 705-709 ( digitized version ).
  • Gunther H. Hertling: Change of values ​​in the poetic work of Ricarda Huch. Bouvier, Bonn 1966 (= treatises on art, music and literary studies; 40).
  • Boris Hoge-Benteler: Ricarda Huch to Eugen Diederichs, September 2, 1923.
  • Martin Hürlimann : Ricarda Huch. From the memories of a publisher and an author. In: You. Cultural monthly . 24, year 1964, doi: 10.5169 / seals-294275 .
  • Hans Henning Kappel: Epic design by Ricarda Huch. Formal-content studies on 2 novels. "Of the kings and the crown", "The great war in Germany". Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1976 (= European university publications ; 194).
  • Seong-Eun Kim: The Principle of Justice. “Sense of history” and “creative power” in Ricarda Huch's works after 1914. Shaker, Aachen 2001, ISBN 3-8265-9144-5 .
  • Karl Heinz Koehler: Poetic language and language consciousness around 1900. Investigations into the early work of Hermann Hesse, Paul Ernst and Ricarda Huch. Heinz, Stuttgart 1977 (= Stuttgart theses on German studies; 36).
  • Cordula Koepcke: Ricarda Huch, her life and her work. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1996, ISBN 3-458-16774-9 .
  • Dorit Krusche: Wilder, more evil, more beautiful. In: The time . No. 30 of July 17, 2014, p. 17 (short biography for the 150th birthday).
  • Charles Linsmayer : Yikes, Ricarda. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Vivian Liska : Modernism - one woman. Using the example of the novels Ricarda Huchs and Annette Kolbs. Francke, Tübingen u. a. 2000, ISBN 3-7720-2751-2 .
  • Michael Meyer: Negation of will and affirmation of life. On the importance of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche in Ricarda Huch's work. Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1998 (= Hamburg contributions to German studies; 25), ISBN 3-631-33302-1 .
  • Michael Meyer: Ricarda Huch Bibliography. Edition Praesens, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7069-0257-5 (= Sealsfield Library; 4).
  • Hans-Werner Peter, Silke Köstler: Ricarda Huch (1864–1947). Anniversary ribbon for the 50th anniversary of her death on the occasion of the International Ricarda Huch Research Symposium from 15. – 17. November 1997 in Braunschweig. pp-Verl., Braunschweig 1997, ISBN 3-88712-050-7 .
  • Christina Ujma: Rome and the Revolution. Ricarda Huch's stories from Garibaldi. In: Gustav Frank, Madleen Podewski (ed.): Wissenskulturen des Vormärz ( yearbook Forum Vormärz Research 2011, 17th year). Bielefeld 2012.
  • Christina Ujma, Rotraut Fischer: Poetry of the Revolution - Ricarda Huch's Garibaldi epic. In: Yearbook for International German Studies. XVL.1, Bern 2013, pp. 105–120.
  • Stefanie Viereck: As far as the world goes. Ricarda Yikes. Story of a life. Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-498-07059-2 .
  • Thomas Uecker:  Yikes, Ricarda. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 2, Bautz, Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-032-8 , Sp. 1118-1120.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Friedrich Walz: Ricarda Huch - The first woman in the "Third Reich". 7th expanded edition. Braunschweig 2016.

Web links

Commons : Ricarda Huch  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Ricarda Huch  - Quotes
Wikisource: Ricarda Huch  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Silke Köstler-Holste: Ricarda Huch (1864-1947). Introduction to their life and work. Anniversary ribbon for the 50th anniversary of her death on the occasion of the international Ricarda Huch research symposium from 15. – 17. November 1997 in Braunschweig. Volume 2, p. VI.
  2. ↑ Marie Huch : In the quicksand of history. The memoirs of Marie Huch, b. Gerstäcker and Friedrich Huch . Published by Karlwalther Rohmann. A. Graff, Braunschweig 1978, ISBN 3-87273-029-0 .
  3. ^ Rolf Hagen : Yikes, family. In: Luitgard Camerer , Manfred Garzmann , Wolf-Dieter Schuegraf (eds.): Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon . Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-926701-14-5 , p. 111 .
  4. ↑ Anne Gabrisch (Ed.): You, my demon, my snake ... letters to Richard Huch 1887–1897 . (= Publications of the German Academy for Language and Poetry, 72) Wallstein, Göttingen ISBN 3-89244-184-7 .
  5. ↑ Christina Krafczyk : Constantin Uhde. Building in Braunschweig. (= Sources and research on Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Volume 50.) Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein (Ed.), Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2016, ISBN 978-3-944939-20-9 , p. 239.
  6. ↑ Gerd Biegel : Huch, Ricarda (= Richard Hugo) Dr. In: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Günter Scheel (ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon - 19th and 20th centuries . Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7752-5838-8 , p. 293 .
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Kimpflinger: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Architectural monuments in Lower Saxony. Volume 1.1 .: City of Braunschweig , part 1. Hameln 1993, ISBN 3-87585-252-4 , p. 242.
  8. ↑ Ricarda Huch: Memories of Anna Klie. In: Heinrich Spiero (Ed.): Wilhelm Raabe and his circle of life. P. 129.
  9. ↑ Anna Gabrisch (ed.): Ricarda Octavia Huch: You, my demon, my snake ... letters to Richard Huch 1887–1897. Volume 1 (= publications of the German Academy for Language and Poetry , Volume 72). Wallstein, Darmstadt 1998, ISBN 978-3-89244-184-7 .
  10. ↑ quoted from: Else Hoppe (Hrsg.): Unpublished letters Ricarda Huch to her friend Anna Klie from Braunschweig. P. 150.
  11. ↑ Working group on other history (ed.): Braunschweiger women. Yesterday and today. Six walks. Braunschweig 2002, ISBN 978-3-929778-08-3 , p. 55.
  12. ^ A b c Dorit Krusche: Wilder, Bader, More beautiful. In: Die Zeit , No. 30 of July 17, 2014, p. 17
  13. ^ Ricarda Huch: Spring in Switzerland. Autobiographical representation. Zurich 1938. Published in: Gesammelte Werke , Vol. 11 . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne / Berlin 1966, p. 183.
  14. ↑ Zurich Central Library, exhibit: Dissertation Ricarda Huch The Neutrality of the Confederation with dedication
  15. ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives: matriculation edition of the University of Zurich )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.matrikel.uzh.ch
  16. ↑ a b Ricarda Huch - Your Life
  17. ↑ Katia Mann: My unwritten memoirs. Frankfurt am Main 2002, p. 55
  18. ↑ Ricarda Huch - Struggle for freedom of expression in dark times ( Memento from October 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (Version from October 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ). In: br-online.de. September 25, 2002.
  19. ↑ See the article Books in German History: A New Work by Ricarda Huch ( Memento from September 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) in the February 1935 edition of the monthly Weisse Blätter
  20. ↑ Kolb's letter printed by Joachim Hendel a. a. (Ed.): Ways of Science in National Socialism. Documents on the University of Jena, 1933–1945. Steiner, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-515-09006-3 , pp. 181-183.
  21. ↑ Alexander Hollerbach: Streiflichter on the life and work of Franz Böhm (1895–1977). In: Dieter Schwab (Ed.): State, Church, Science in a Pluralistic Society. Festschrift for the 65th birthday of Paul Mikat. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1989, pp. [283] –299 (PDF; 878.61 kB)
  22. ^ Wolfgang Matthias Schwiedrzik: Editorial preliminary note. In: Ricarda Huch: To collect in a memorial book… pictures of German resistance fighters. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 1997. pp. 43, 48, 67-70. Weisenborn's The Silent Rebellion contains the statement "Based on the material by Ricarda Huch" in the front and on the cover. However, according to Schwiedrzik, this statement was an invention of the advertising department of the Rowohlt publishing house. For Weisenborn's book, Huch's material was only one source among many others; Weisenborn's portrayal of the resistance is also weighted differently than Huch would have found it to be good.
  23. ↑ Florian Russi : Ricarda Huch. In: Thuringia reading by Bertuch Verlag.
  24. ↑ Famous personalities who worked in the city of Jena. In: Website “Discover Jena”.
  25. ↑ Holger Zürch : With a free people on free ground. 15 years of the Thuringian Parliament in retrospect, former MPs from the founding years in the Free State of Thuringia. Leipzig 2006, ISBN 978-3-939404-01-9 , p. 240. Reference: German National Library
  26. ^ Ines Geipel: The group 47 East. In: Ines Geipel, Joachim Walther: Locked filing. Suppressed literary history in East Germany 1945–1989. Lilienfeld Verlag, Düsseldorf 2015, ISBN 978-3-940357-50-2 , p. 40f.
  27. ↑ Guide to the graves of well-known personalities in Frankfurt cemeteries. Frankfurt am Main 1985, p. 45
  28. ↑ Literature. Basic knowledge school. Duden Schulbuchverlag, 2nd edition, Mannheim / Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-89818-061-0 , p. 356
  29. ^ Special stamp for the 150th birthday of Ricarda Huch. Deutsche Post philately shop , accessed on July 24, 2014 .
  30. ↑ Sources of the works: M. Baum: Leuchtende Spur - das Leben Ricarda Huch. 4th edition 1964; Research by Chr. Zemmrich 2007.
  31. ↑ again in Marlis Gerhardt (ed.): Essays of famous women. From Else Lasker-Schüler to Christa Wolf. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1987, again 1997, ISBN 3-458-33641-9 . (With short biographies)
  32. ↑ Stone - the awakening of the imperial idea. Memory of Ricarda Huch. In: The Ottonian Imperial Crown. Books, texts and pictures - compiled by Peter Godzik , p. 9. In: Peter Godzik's website (PDF; 369.01 kB)
personal data
SURNAME Oops, Ricarda
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hugo, Richard (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer, poet and narrator
DATE OF BIRTH July 18, 1864
PLACE OF BIRTH Braunschweig
DATE OF DEATH November 17, 1947
Place of death Schönberg im Taunus, today Kronberg