Ruhr German

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As Ruhr German of oral usage is in Ruhr designated (also in the region of the pot or Ruhr , ruhrpöttisch or buddy language called). Most linguists classify it as a regiolect and a transitional language. It is a high German variety that emerged at the end of the 19th century . It shows influences ( substrate ) of the old Lower Franconian (or Dutch) dialects on the Lower Rhine and the West Low German dialects in Westphalia. These influences affect the sentence structure, vocabulary and sound. In addition, there were minor influences from the Slavic-speaking migrant workers from Upper Silesia , Masuria , Poland and Slovenia as well as from the Rotwelschen . Individual adoptions from the neighboring Ripuarian and Limburg languages ​​are also anchored in it.

Demarcation

A differentiation to the language varieties of the surrounding area of ​​the Ruhr area is difficult. In today's Ruhr area, Lower Franconian dialects were spoken in a wide area along the Rhine before industrialization , with Westphalian to the east. Today on the Lower Rhine outside of the agglomeration of the Ruhr area, i.e. in the rural Rhine zone of the Ruhr area, the Regiolect Lower Rhine German is spoken, which differs only vaguely from Ruhr German in pronunciation, intonation and other features. In cities like Duisburg , where the urban colloquial language is also influenced by the Lower Rhine, the Ruhr German sounds different than in Dortmund , where Westphalian influences stand out.

Emergence

When it comes to the origin of Ruhr German, it has often been claimed that it arose from a process of mixing, analogous to immigration in the course of industrialization at the end of the 19th century. In reality, according to Heinz H. Quantity from the Ruhr University in Bochum , it is a local development. Around 1900, the local dialects were replaced by High German, in a process that lasted for decades and during which people lived in a diglossia situation. Most of the immigrants, who are traditionally held responsible for the creation process, were not even present at the time. Grammatical variants usually represent Low German or Lower Franconian substrates, Quantity writes.

The original Westphalian and Lower Franconian dialects of the Ruhr area have now been almost completely replaced by High German. Occasionally there are still speakers of Low German and Low Franconian. The historical border between Low German Westphalian and the languages ​​of the Rhenish fan runs through the western Ruhr area . This language boundary is known as the unit plural line. To the west of this line, Lower Franconian dialects were spoken, such as the Duisburger Platt . Mölmsch , the Mülheimer Platt, which belongs to the Lower Franconian Ostberg and has peculiarities that are perceived as typically "Rhenish", such as the pronunciation of G and CH. Mölmsch is heard less and less in everyday life, but in some societies it is looked after all the more lovingly. A lot of information can be found on the website of the city of Mülheim an der Ruhr, including a. a Mölmsch lexicon with approx. 3000 words.

The language borders in the Ruhr area have meant that the language has developed differently in individual cities such as Oberhausen and Essen. For example, in Essen-Katernberg (Essen-Nordost), a region with high levels of immigration from the east, Ruhr German is spoken by the majority. In the areas of Essen-Kettwig (Essen-Südwest), south of the Uerdinger line , which also belong to the Ostbergic region, and a region with a high level of weavers from the Aachen area, the majority speak “ Rhenish ”.

Relationships with other languages

Low German and Low Franconian

The Ruhr German is a variety of High German. The long u , which was diphthonged to au in High German (house), also appears in Ruhr German, with a few exceptions (de Buuern), consistently as au.

Nevertheless, in Ruhr German one can easily identify the Low German and Lower Franconian substrates (remnants of an older "language class"). There are examples

  • for the phonetic level: -s in the final part remains -t, as consistently for the marking of the neuter gender as in wat, dat, et, kleinet etc. for high German was, das / that, es, klein .
  • On the morphological level: the High German diminutive form -chen is -ken or -sken in Ruhr German: Mäusken instead of Mäuschen, Stücksken instead of bits , as in the South Dutch dialects.
  • On the grammatical level: There is the typical Low German and Dutch case uncertainty, as it is also in Berlin. The distinction between the dative and the accusative disappears : Give me the tea.
  • in vocabulary: Kusselköpper (also: Kusselkopp ) is a somersault; Low German Pütt / Dutch put (well) was adopted for the mine; see. also expressions for a more or less unsuccessful making-to-create-yourself-like nibbling, fucking, prickeln.

Typically Ruhr German adaptations of Low German cannot always be clearly separated from common language phenomena in northern Germany, even if the specific form can be typical of Ruhr German:

  • What is striking is the large number of melting words (contractions), whereby Ruhr German is very similar to Dutch. So “have you” becomes too hate, “tell me” to samma , “listen” to hömma, “on the” to aufm. Pronouns and articles can also be built into these contractions - cf. hönnsema! for “ Have a listen!”, or have a will for “do you want him / her?”, or want a beer? for "do you want a pils".
  • The use of tun as an auxiliary verb and carrier of the person ending or the "am + infinitive " form to construct progressive forms is also widespread in northern Germany (also in the Dutch dialects): I'm reading, I do not give you dat . Both are in the process of disappearing in Ruhr German.
  • Occasionally the sound j is replaced by g : gezz hold ma the edge; geedn Tach unn geedn Tach (every single day). These are a hyper-correction , as in many low- and medium German dialects the High German g- a j corresponds.

Transitional variants of Ruhr German range from Westphalian intonation to Rhenish forms in the west. According to popular belief, even individual parts of the city in the Ruhr area can be identified using the lexicons and phonetics of the speakers. However, this thesis is controversial.

For example, the confirmation particles of the western and central Ruhr area are striking: the "Nä / Ne?" Or "next?", Which is also typical for the Rhineland, whereas in the eastern Ruhr area from the Dortmund south and in the border region to the Sauerland "woll?" prevails.

Another variant of these confirmation particles, albeit limited to the transition area to the Sauerland, is “wonniech?” Or “wonnich?”. This is unknown in large parts of the Ruhr area.

Other dialects

Occasionally there are imports from other dialects. Here, too, it is often difficult to clearly draw the line between related regiolects, for example. Examples:

  • Kölsch or Ripuarian : Kappes = dung stuff, bad idea (originally cabbage); a nasty bob
  • Berlinisch : töfte = great (from dufte ); jottweedee sein = remote, 'in the Pampa' (from the Berlin abbreviation jwd , jokingly for janz far out )
  • East Prussian : Lorbass = rascal
  • Rotwelsch : Schore = stolen goods, umgsp. Heroin ; to flute = to get lost, to disappear; in gap = well dressed. The evidence is naturally difficult here, since Rotwelsch wants to be a secret language

A particularly inferior product is (was) referred to in the jargon of traders in the Ruhr area wholesale market as Seibelschore.

Other languages

Other lexical influences come

  • from Polish : Mottek (młotek) for the (miner's) hammer or Matka (Polish for mother, little mother) pejorative for an older woman. These influences are numerically small.
  • from Yiddish , e.g. T. mediated via the Rotwelsche : Maloche (work), Massel (luck, 'have a pig'), Schickse (girl, neutral or derogatory), "Ische" for "girlfriend", from Hebrew "אישה" (ischa, woman), stickum (stiekum) = secretly, inconspicuously. However, many of these expressions are also common in the other national German colloquial languages.

In addition, there are occasional borrowings from different languages, which, however, are not infrequently pseudo-borrowings and only represent allusions to typical sound structures of another language, unless they are more or less unsuccessful attempts to assign a regionally articulable sound structure to a foreign-language orthography or sound. Here it comes to the fore that many collections try to make a lack of education and cosmopolitanism of the Ruhr area residents a trademark of Ruhr area culture.

Examples:

  • Russian : Rabotti (from работа, rabota = work or работать, rabotat '= work) = work !, let go!
  • French : from the Lamäng = from the wrist, with left; the Haute Wollaute = the higher social circles (from la haute volée ), z. T. mediated via the Rhenish u. Kölsche
  • English : Wollwott = Woolworth ; Örni = thick part, from engl. Ernie; Kornebeff = Corned Beef ; Böffstück = beef steak
  • Italian : pickobello / schickobello = tip top ; allet paletti = all clear; Bello = large part; Lecko mio = expression of astonishment; Monte Schlacko = rubble dump; Mamma mia!
  • Spanish : with Karacho = with high speed, lively
  • Pseudo Latin : Case Knacktus = Crux
  • more recently also from Turkish : Eschek = idiot, from eşek = donkey.

Miner language

A no small part of the everyday vocabulary came from mining and industrial workers culture. As a result of the decline in the coal and steel industry, associated words and idioms are withdrawing more and more from Ruhr German. Hanging in the shaft, mother blocks, underground, in front of coal, damaging the things u. v. a. Even the sayings like ... "but eat food sack on it" (something is wrong with that), come from the miners' language at the time of the pit horses ( feed sack = feed sack).

Sound peculiarities

Especially in the Westphalian Ruhr German the "r" u. a. Replaced practically throughout in the final by a mixed vowel of mute -e and dark -a: “Kiiache”, “Doatmund”, “Eade”, “Vatta”, “Kinda”, a pronunciation that is common in German, here the r -Vocalization darkened more strongly. The Gelsenkirchen district of Buer [ buːɐ̯ ] is pronounced Buua , the stretch-e lengthens the vowel u. In the combination of “-urg” or “-urch”, the “-r” is vocalized by “i” (Düüsbuich, duich, fuichbaa).

At the end of the syllable -ar , also in the spellings '-ahr' and '-arr', is pronounced as an extended 'a'. In Ruhr German, waiting and wading are practically indistinguishable in pronunciation, just as little as beard and bath or start , stares and state.

The vowel before the syllable -r is often half lengthened: Steean (star), also Stääan; Spooat (sport), "Gelsenkiiachen". Here, too, the double spelling of the vowels inadequately reflects only half the vowel elongation.

The pronunciation of the diphthongs au, ei, eu, äu is particularly noticeable in the Westphalian part of Ruhr German, in which the first vowel is slightly elongated: wolln ma say: waaisi aau nich was a legendary all-round answer from Jürgen von Manger . Here, too, the doubling of the vowels in the spelling exaggerates the ratio of the lengths in the actual pronunciation (with Manger this comes close to).

Long standard High German vowels are often shortened in the western and southern Ruhr area: "Farratt" ("bicycle"), "Bannoff" ("train station"), "Vatta" ("father"), "Omma" ("grandma"). Increasingly stretched towards the Westphalian-speaking area, with the transition to the former Lower Saxony-speaking area of ​​the Münsterland, finally significantly overstretched.

Conversely, in the lexical area and word contractions, there is a larger number of sound environments in which a short vowel is followed by a voiced consonant, written as a double consonant, at the syllable boundary. Such a pronunciation contradicts the rules of the sound-letter relationships of standard German, according to which short vowels between syllables are usually followed by voiceless consonants. Some examples of this peculiarity in Ruhr German (and partly in other regional lectures and dialects influenced by North German): habbich (I have), nibble (remove with your fingernails, e.g. a label), Dubbels (folded sandwiches), unribble ( knitted wool to be reused), feddich (ready), wadde ma (wait a minute ), Mudder (mother), Maggarine (margarine), krijjich (I'll get it), marrich (I'll do it), et fisselt (rain in fine droplets), Dussel (thoughtless person), Äwwinn (Erwin). The feature does not apply in general: A North German biddee (please) will mostly be pronounced as bidde in the Ruhr area .

The phonetic phenomenon short vowel + voiced consonant cannot be adequately reproduced in the s-sound with the usual non-phonetic spelling, which is based on the German standard spelling: -ss- is always voiceless according to the new spelling, in words and combinations such as pig , Brassel, fisseln, isser (he is) , bowl, dussel , musser (must he), krüsselich (curly haired) u. v. a. it is spoken voiced in Ruhr German. The difficulties associated with this can be illustrated using the present tense conjugation of sein , if for the purposes of the demonstration -ß for unvoiced and -s- for voiced -s- is used: there binnich - there bit - there is - there eats - there who ponders (sinn who) - da seiter (seider) - da muse (sinn se). This cannot be solved without phonetic transcription. There are similar problems with all dialects and regiolects.

-Pf- appears as -pp- in a series of words : Put your head down . - I have a cast on the right and can only hop on one leg. - Can you still put your suitcase inside?

In the Westphalian-influenced eastern edge of the Ruhr area, “ch” is pronounced after the front vowel + vocalized “r” (Kiache), as in Westphalian, as a velar fricative as in ach , while in Standard German it appears as a voiceless palatal fricative .

In the Westphalian part of the Ruhr area, the letter "l" is often pronounced in the final like "well" velar , that is, as a hard "l". This pronunciation phenomenon is also common throughout the Westphalian-speaking area.

The last-mentioned pronunciation phenomena in particular are completely alien to people in the central and western Ruhr area and a clear sign of the linguistic divide between Westphalian and Rhenish, which can still be identified as a smooth transition. The transition from the Lower Franconian influenced r after the anterior vowel to the Westphalian voiceless palatal fricative lies clearly east of the unit plural line proposed as a former language boundary at Essen-Werden (" Deilbach line ").

The pronunciation of the final "g" as [ç] (ego-sound) in words like König, which is often regarded as typically Ruhr German , is not very correct in high-level language. There are deviations from the high-level language, for example, with words where the ending -g follows an r and it is pronounced like a [ç] in the western part, such as in Duisburg, Hamburg, Nuremberg. Here, too, older speakers in the eastern Ruhr area used the velar ah sound instead of the palatal [ç] . Incidentally, the ending “-g” is also generally pronounced as [ç] where this is not possible in standard language: wechtun (put away, put away), Fußweech (footpath); mööchlich, Anzuch, Waach et nich! etc. The written reproduction with "-ch" contradicts the orthography rule of word image constancy (dare - dare not!), but otherwise the sound deviating from the standard pronunciation could not be reproduced.

Also clearly deviating from the high German pronunciation: Tag = Tach (with a short a), sag = sach (also), mag = mach (I don't make pea soup), Krieg = Kriiech (with a slightly drawn out "i" compared to high-level language) .

In a number of frequently used words, the final consonants are omitted: au (also), maa (mal, both combined in auma ), do (but), nich or ni (not) and others. There are also a number of funny language games (sentence with wammamaa and hattata? Wammama in Schalke, hattata reechnet!) , But also everyday patterns such as annä donnich (oh no, not), kumma (look) or waddema eemt (wait times just).

In some place names and proper names the so-called Dehnungs-e occurs, which is not typological for the Ruhr area and occurs in the entire area of ​​the Rhineland and Westphalia (e.g. in the Münsterland: Coesfeld, Raesfeld). It does not lead to the umlaut of the vowel in front of it, but to its longer pronunciation. Oer-Erkenschwick speaks like "Ohr-E." And not "Öör-E." Analogous to this: Gelsenkirchen-Buer, Soest, Duisburg-Baerl (Lower Rhine) u. a.

grammar

Contractions of preposition + definite article are more common than in standard language. This is made possible by the fact that German articles have their gender, case and number markings at the end. Prototype in the accusative would be the connections füren / fürn Pappa, for Mamma, fürt Kläusken, for children. The accusative is preferred for prepositions that govern the dative case, as well as for alternate prepositions used statically; Forms like at pharmacy (at A.) or at children (at K.) sound quite high German here. "Genuine" Ruhr German would be bein Oppa (from "bei den"), beie Omma (from "bei die"), bein / beit Putzen (from "bei den" or "bei dat") and beie Schimanski (from "bei die") ).

Verbs + trailing personal pronouns merge regularly. Additional phonetic adjustments will be made at the connection point. Here is the series with come in the present tense: come, come, come, come, come / come, come, come / come, come / come.

Immediately following pronouns or articles are integrated into the verb association if possible: then habbijjen one clap (then I gave him ...); when hate called (when did you call him ...); kennzen good book for vacation? (do you know a ...) and Finnzat nommaal? (Can you find this …).

The genitive, which is dwindling throughout the German-speaking area, is replaced wherever possible by a dative or accusative, especially in Ruhr German: because of the rain / because of the rain ... instead of because of the rain ... (also: "Weil datt am Reechnen is "). While + dative is also widespread in the rest of the German-speaking area, the Ruhr German goes one step further by expressing the Saxon genitive through the construction of nouns in the accusative + (possessive article + noun) in the syntactically required case : "my Vatta seine Kabache" ( "The [old] house of my father"), "the Manni his pearl" ("Manfred's girlfriend"). This seems to be a Lower Franconian or Low German substrate. Of course, the genitive offset with von is also popular .

Conversely, predicate nouns (equation nominative) and vocatives (names and words in the salutation, usually nominative in German) are sometimes expressed using the accusative: “You bit toften guy. - Hey, you Doowen! - Hey, Kurzen, komma here! ”- a phenomenon that can be found sporadically in the entire Central German-speaking area , e.g. B. in Cologne and Berlin , but also in north German Hamburg .

Accusative and dative are swapped in both directions. It is said: “go on the phone!”, “You! I like you watt! "," Walk beie Omma! "," Wollder come in the middle of Wagn? "," Aufe Aabeit waa really something going on today. "

The Westphalian or Rhenish form is also widespread ("Ich bin am Malochen" = "I work (hard).", "Et is am Reechnen" = "It's raining"). This is also widespread in other dialects and increasingly in the standard language and can occasionally appear in Ruhr German with a characteristic extension: "I'm on the Malochen dranne." The beginning of an event can be expressed as follows: "Et starts on reechnen (an)!" ("It starts to rain"). This progressive form can also be constructed with auxiliary verbs other than sein , e.g. B. start with or stop with: “He kept on scolding” (“didn't stop scolding”), or join in self- deprecatingly, with breakneck syntax, in “Don't make me flutter my shirt!” ≈ “Stop it, otherwise I'll get scared. "

Passive forms are used less often, and when they are, then occasionally in a wrongly or crookedly constructed way: "Here you will be helped." - "My grandmother is at home, it is nicely cooked and cleaned."

What is striking is the clear preference for split 'pronominal adverbs' with there as the first syllable (of which, above, against), which then often occurs twice: Da waaisi nix von. - Can't say anything against that. - You want to talk to you about it.

Prepositions and directional adverbs can also be used redundantly and appear in a kind of echo construction: Put the closet dirty against the wall. I went into the house. Do you want to go to Omma?

The use of prepositions also has peculiarities: In the central and eastern Ruhr area, in particular, the word "zu", which indicates movement in one direction, is often replaced by "bei", whereby either the dative ("Ich geht 'bei Barras " "I go zur Bundeswehr ”) or the accusative can follow (“ Gehma bei die / beie Omma ”).

In the Ruhr area, but also often in the rest of North Rhine-Westphalia, people often go “to” the hospital and not “to” the hospital, whereby “to” is used for longer distances and “at” for shorter distances (“Comma at me at! ").

In the field of manual work, compositions with “by-” denote a subsequent improvement or a more or less crumpled final thesis that is not necessarily carried out with the claim of perfection: “I go with nomma middle flex.” “Aba nomma have to go along” accordingly means something like "that's probably not finished yet".

In the western Ruhr area, the “after” is often replaced by the “im”: “I go to bed” (“I go to bed”).

“To” can also be used in this meaning: “To go to Schalke” refers to attending a football match in the FC Schalke 04 stadium .

Conjunctions like "because", "because", "instead" are often replaced by subordinate clauses:

  • "Because of the rain" → "Because we are calculating" or "Because we are calculating",
  • "Instead of facing new problems" → "Eh datta new trallafitti is hanging on your neck"

(The) articles can often be left out: "I am on the job", or they are shortened: "I am on the job".

Most of these features are explained from the Low German origin of Ruhr German. Polish influences are hardly detectable. It has been speculated that the occasional omission of articles was influenced by the articleless Polish language or the Masurian dialect . However, this thesis is controversial.

Another peculiarity of the Ruhr language is the use of the past perfect by the High German speakers, which sometimes seems inappropriate: the phrase "was delicious" is not used when reporting on a feast before the narrated event, but directly after the meal - " had been nice “z. B. when saying goodbye to the participants of a joint excursion.

vocabulary

The vocabulary of Ruhr German largely corresponds to Standard German. Many of the words identified as typical of the Ruhr area are part of the colloquial layer of High German, mostly in the former Low German language area, and are not limited to Ruhr German . The use of the word malochen, which is generally perceived as a hallmark of Ruhr German, has meanwhile become widespread in large parts of northern Germany as a synonym for work . The expression “Rabotti” for “hard work” is also occasionally found in Rhenish.

Expressions like Mottek for hammer or Mattka (both from Polish) for a corpulent, unkempt older woman, which in the entirety of the vocabulary can also be called characteristic of Ruhr German, are no longer even familiar to many speakers of Standard German in the Ruhr area. Overall, the number of Polish or Masurian words in Ruhr German is limited. Terms borrowed from Low German and historically common in other Low German-speaking areas, such as "Kabache" (old, dilapidated house), "Kabuff" (room, storage room), are more strongly represented.

A number of words and idioms are likely to be typical of the Ruhr area, regardless of any other distribution in the German-speaking area, especially in combination with other Ruhr-language peculiarities. B. aamet Tucktuck (expression of ironically played pity); Appelkitsche (unused remainder of the apple with the core); rumbandusen (romping around); Ash bins (dying out for trash cans); get on (to recover from an exertion); Blaach, Blaagen (child, -he ); Botany (free nature, opposite to the city or paved path); Dubbels (folded sandwiches); duhne (out of your mind, dazed); ette (emphasized personal pronoun with the meaning 'der da' or 'die da': Who waa dat? - Ette!); fitschen (run, with short legs); i-Dötzken (child who has just started school); Klätschkopp (intensive gel-supported hairstyle, formerly realized with brisk ( hairdressing cream) or 'clear water'); knaatschich ( disgruntled, tearful ); knot (half-defiant, persistent weeping, jerking around); Köpper (plunge into the swimming pool); Köttel (child up to approx. Primary school age); Kusselköpper / Kusselkopp (with soft or voiced -ss-: somersault, roll forward); labberich ( poor taste, e.g. too thin coffee, and as the opposite of 'crunchy', e.g. labbery salad); Lauschepper = Schnorrer, one who wants everything for free; lurid (limp, listless , tired, unresponsive ); his ole, her ole (spouse); Pellemänner (s) ( jacket potatoes); Pill duck (rubber rubber duck for the bathtub); Pullefass (zinc bathtub ); shabby weather, shabby outside (uncomfortable, wet and cold weather); schattich (euphemism for cold weather); Pesticides (bacteria / viruses); Mud catcher (Filou, rascal); schlörn / schlörren / schlurrn u. Ä. (Carrying around with you: Dat Blaach wraps around the whole Tach with you.); with taste (with vigor, with heavy swing); Spinkßen (secretly following with the eyes, e.g. 'Spinkßen around the corner'); Spinnewipp (thin, long-limbed person, probably derived from the trembling movements of the long-legged harvestmen); Picks (poker); wullacken / wullachen (working hard physically) and others. Hardly any of these expressions should be completely unknown outside of the Ruhr area.

Regional adaptations of first names are also part of the lexicon. There is a need for such blending. a. on the soccer field, to signal to the called party that you are free, or when shouting in a noisy work environment. Here is a small selection: Änne (Johanna, Anna and the like), Delleff (Detlef), Elli / Else (Elisabeth and Ä), Friddelm, Günni (Günther), Häbbätt or Häbbäät (Herbert), Hennes (Johannes and Ä). Ä.), Hettie (Hedwig), Hilde / Hille (Hildegard), Jupp (Josef, sarcastic also for Jesus: Jupp am Nagel or Lattenjupp ), Kalla / Kalle (Karl), Käthe (Katharina), Kläusken, Kuddi (Kurt) , Manni (Manfred), Nobbi (Norbert), Päule (Paul), Pidder / Pedder (Peter), Waller (Walter), Wenner (Werner). In addition to the vocative (direct salutation), first names are often given the definite article: the Kuddi waa dat (that was Kurt).

Well-known cabaret artists and actors

The best-known television producer in the Ruhr area was the actor Jürgen von Manger , who did not come from the Ruhr area, and who appeared as "Adolf Tegtmeier" when he retired. There was also the popular actress Tana Schanzara . The journalist Elke Heidenreich used to star in radio columns "Else Stratmann, butcher's wife from Wanne-Eickel". For a long time Günna's ( Bruno Knust ) commented on the Bundesliga broadcast "ran" and on "premiere"

Today the cabaret artist Uwe Lyko, who grew up in Duisburg-Neumühl , is one of the best-known representatives of Ruhr German as " Herbert Knebel ". He speaks mainly Ruhr German with a Lower Rhine accent. Ludger Stratmann plays "Doktor Stratmann" and also the caretaker "Jupp" and in Dortmund Bruno Knust has played the character "Günna" in the Olpketal Theater for over 20 years .

For more than 20 years, Gerburg Jahnke from Oberhausen and Stephanie Überall from Mülheim performed as the cabaret duo Missfits .

The fictional character Atze Schröder also uses the Ruhr language .

Other well-known artists who at least temporarily use Ruhr German as an idiom are Susanne Betancor as “die Popette”, Eva Kurowski , Jochen Malmsheimer , Frank Goosen , Hennes Bender , Jürgen Mikol , Kai Magnus Sting , Dirk Dautzenberg , Fritz Eckenga , Anke Engelke , Willi Thomczyk and Helge Schneider .

In the printed matter

In earlier decades, the local daily newspapers had two representatives of the language act in glosses in the Saturday editions: The NRZ had "Ämmil Cerwinski" compete to gloss over everyday life in parables, the WAZ, which appeared at the same time, had "Kumpel Anton" report. These glosses were discontinued, revived in the WAZ a few years ago, but now discontinued. The same beginnings of glosses created identity for the readers. The weekly gloss "Hömma, Fritz" by Bruno "Günna" Knust still appears regularly on Saturdays in the Dortmund edition of the Ruhr-Nachrichten .

“Go to anne Bude and get ciarettes, meet Kalla. 'Mannomann', began… ”in the NRZ
"'Anton', sachtä Cerwinski for me, '...'" in the WAZ

The buddy Anton was published in book form, but now also as an audio book (speaker: Bruno "Günna" Knust ). "Kumpel Anton, Erste Bannt" etc. These preparations of the Ruhr area language are of greater authenticity than the stage and television presentations from Adolf Tegtmeier to Else Stratmann to Herbert Knebel's theater play.

The five Asterix dialect volumes in Ruhr German until 2019 also became known. The first two are translated by Claus Sprick and Reinhard Stratenwerth, the later by Hennes Bender . From the home page, they also form a transfer into the caricaturing Ruhr German of the well-known Ruhr area comedians.

In music

For example, they sang in dialect:

The song " Currywurst " (1982) by Herbert Grönemeyer (written by Diether Krebs ) pays homage to both the sausage sung about as well as the Ruhr area language:

  • “Go into town, what makes you feel full - ne Körriwuass! Come from a shift, what a nice thing to do, but like Körriwuass ”or
  • "On your shirt, on your jacket, what a shit! Allet full of grain ”.

In the movie

The movie What doesn't fit, is made to fit plays, as does Bang Boom Bang - A sure-fire thing and golden times , in the eastern Ruhr area , all three films were directed by Peter Thorwarth . It received the Jupiter Audience Award for best German film in 2002 at the Berlinale .

literature

Scientific publications

  • Anne Katrin Becker: Ruhr German - the language of the Ruhr area in a comprehensive analysis. Dissertation . Freiburg (Breisgau) 2003, electronic resource, online publication: PDF document
  • Dietrich Hartmann: On word formation and metaphor in the colloquial vocabulary of the Ruhr area. In: Low German word. 40, 2000, Aschendorff, Münster ISSN  0078-0545 , pp. [27] -46.
  • Arend Mihm: Language on the Rhine and Ruhr. Dialectological and sociolinguistic studies on the linguistic situation in the Rhine-Ruhr area and its history. (= Journal for Dialectology and Linguistics. Volume 50, supplement ). Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-515-04243-1 .
  • Arend Mihm: The Reality of Ruhr German; social function and social location of a regional language. In: Konrad Ehlich (Hrsg.): Language and literature on the Ruhr. (= Writings of the Fritz Hüser Institute of the City of Dortmund: Series 2, Research on Workers' Literature. 10). Klartext-Verlag, Essen 1995, ISBN 3-88474-252-3 , pp. 15-34.
  • Arend Mihm: Old and new dialect in the industrial area; on language usage in the Duisburg region. In: Folk culture on the Rhine and Maas. 8, 1, 1989, Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Office for Rheinische Landeskunde, Bonn, Rheinland-Verlag, pp. 64–77. ISSN  0931-8496 .
  • René Schiering : From Documentation to Grammatical Description. Prepositional Phrases in Ruhr German. In: Andreas Dufter, Jürg Fleischer , Guido Seiler (Eds.): Describing and Modeling Variation in Grammar. (= Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs. 204). Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-11-020590-9 .
  • René Schiering: Inflected prepositions in German? New evidence from the Ruhr area. In: Journal of Dialectology and Linguistics. 72, 2005, pp. 52-79. ISSN  0044-1449
  • René Schiering: Clitization of pronouns and article forms. An empirical study using the example of Ruhr German. (= Working paper. 44 (new series)). Institute for Linguistics, University of Cologne, Cologne 2002. ISSN  1615-1496 . PDF version

Further literature

  • Werner Boschmann : Lexicon of the Ruhr area language from Aalskuhle to Zymtzicke. With the highlights of German literature - in pure Ruhr German. Verlag Henselowsky Boschmann, Essen 1993, ISBN 3-922750-01-X .
  • Karl-Heinz Henrich: Ruhr German, the language of the district. (= Gibberish. Volume 146). Reise Know-How Verlag Rump, 2001, ISBN 3-89416-555-3 .
  • Heinz H. Quantity: My dear Kokoschinski! The Ruhr dialect. From the most colorful linguistic landscape in Germany. Verlag Henselowsky Boschmann, Bottrop 2013, ISBN 978-3-942094-36-8 .
  • Claus Sprick : HÖMMA! - Language in the Ruhr area. 12th edition. Klartext Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8375-0151-3 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Ruhrgebietsdeutsch  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinz H. Quantity: Regional language Ruhr: Grammatical variation is Low German substrate. A leading research hypothesis. In: Arend Mihm (ed.): Language on the Rhine and Ruhr. Dialectological and sociological studies on the linguistic situation in the Rhine-Ruhr area and its history. (= Journal for Dialectology and Linguistics. Supplement. 50). Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1985, pp. 195, 198-200.
  2. ↑ stiekum after Duden from the Hebr./Ivrit
  3. ↑ Asterix-Obelix.nl - Ruhr German