St. Severus (Gemünden)
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The St. Severus monastery was a monastery in Gemünden in what is now the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate . It was dedicated to St. Severus . The monastery founded by the Conradinians played an important role in the Christianization of the Westerwald and is closely linked to the history of the House of Westerburg .
history
The pen in Conradin times
The Gemünden Abbey dates back to a Conradinian foundation as a separate church . At the beginning of the Conradin rule in the Lahngau there was only the monastery " St. Lubentius " in Dietkirchen , which was probably founded as early as the 6th century. In 845, Count Gebhard im Lahngau and Archbishop Hetti von Trier founded a monastery in Kettenbach , which was relocated to Gemünden in 879 and since then has become “St. Severus "was called. At the beginning of the 10th century, other Conradinian foundations followed: the " St. Georg " monastery in Limburg (910), the " St. Walpurgis " monastery in Weilburg (912) and the " St. Marien " monastery in Wetzlar (914/15).
The monastery founded in Kettenbach received on March 31, 845, in the year it was founded, the village of Liigart and goods in the march of Hahnstätten from King Ludwig the German . Count Gebhard had made his profession before 847 and had joined the monastery. The monastery consisted of 12 canons and 12 lay people.
On November 9, 879, shortly before his death, Count Gebhard moved the monastery to Gemünden in the Westerwald. A new church was built here for the monastery. He transferred the tithe and the original parishes of Gemünden, Seck and Lahr (church: St. Johannes ), the villages of Winnen and Hergenroth as well as goods in Wilsenroth , Hilß, Wengenroth , Kalsberg, Willmenrod , Heckholzhausen and Langendernbach to the monastery .
After Gebhard's death, the Konradines made further donations to the monastery. Gebhard's son Udo gave the monastery property in 879 near Irmtraut and Winnen. Gebhard's grandson, Bishop Rudolf von Würzburg, gave the monastery patronage over the churches in Biskirchen and Battenfeld as well as goods near Gebhardshain . In addition, the monastery was given further ownership, especially in the south-eastern Westerwald.
The parish area of the monastery was probably removed from the older large parish of the Michaelskapelle on the Blasiusberg .
The pen in Salic times
Under unexplained circumstances, the monastery gained imperial immediacy after the end of Conradin rule . It probably went to Emperor Konrad II from the Salian family as a dowry from Gisela von Schwaben . His son, Emperor Heinrich III. and his grandson Heinrich IV transferred parts of the Gemünden monastery property to the “St. Georg ”in Limburg.
The bailiwick over the monastery was incumbent on various noble families. It passed from the Conradinians to the related Counts of Gleiberg . When they died out, the Palatinate County of Tübingen inherited the Bailiwick and from there it passed to the Counts of Leiningen . In a marriage between Siegfried III. von Runkel and an unknown member of the Leiningen count's house passed the majority of the bailiwick to the noble family von Runkel. One eighth of the bailiwick went to the Counts of Virneburg after the Leininger population died out in 1224 , and they sold their share to Burchard von Querfurt in 1222.
At the time of the monastery 's heyday, its possessions were concentrated in the southern, eastern and central Westerwald as well as in the Untertaunus and Lahn valley, and there is evidence of free float in northern Hesse.
The monastery in Westerburg times
By 1209, Westerburg Castle , which was part of the monastery, was already in the hands of the von Runkel family. From the year 1221 a document has survived that shows how Archbishop Dietrich von Trier started a dispute between the Vogt of the Siegfried III monastery . von Runkel and Westerburg and the provost of the monastery arbitrated. When the house of Runkel was divided after 1288, the bailiwick over Gemünden formed an essential part of the Westerburg line.
On September 19, 1336 Reinhard I von Westerburg obtained the right from Emperor Ludwig IV the Bavarian to appoint the next two provosts of the monastery. In the following decades the Lords of Westerburg gradually alienated the monastery from the Holy Roman Empire . At the Council of Basel , the House of Westerburg was confirmed the right to appoint the provosts and canons of the monastery, so the monastery had practically lost its imperial immediacy.
reformation
The House of Westerburg introduced the Reformation into its domain in 1566/68 . The reformers ignored the formal imperial immediacy of the monastery and ordered the evangelical worship service. The gentlemen of Westerburg called Protestant clergymen to the monastery. In 1597 these transferred all fiefdoms of the monastery to the House of Westerburg. In the course of the 16th century, the monastery lost the church patronage of the churches that were not in the territory of the Westerburg.
During the Thirty Years' War there was an attempt to recatholicize . In the course of the military successes of the Catholic League , Kurtrier succeeded in gaining control of the Gemünden Monastery and re- staffing the monastery with Catholic clergy. With the occupation of the Westerwald by Swedish troops in the winter of 1632/33, the new Catholic monastery dissolved again.
After the Thirty Years' War, the monastery was rebuilt with the parishes from Gemünden, Schadeck and the city of Westerburg and continued into the 18th century. With the mediatization of Westerburg by the House of Nassau in 1803, Gemünden Abbey ceased to exist.
literature
- Hellmuth Gensicke : State history of the Westerwald . 3. Edition. Historical Commission for Nassau, Wiesbaden 1999, ISBN 3-922244-80-7 .
- Ders .: Parish and court of Gemünden. In: Nassauische Annalen 90. 1979, pp. 182-206.
- Wolf-Heino Struck: The monasteries St. Severus in Gemünden, St. Maria in Diez with their predecessors, St. Petrus in Kettenbach, St. Adelphus in Salz (Germania Sacra. NF 25), de Gruyter, Berlin 1988.
Web links
Coordinates: 50 ° 33 ′ 27.3 " N , 8 ° 0 ′ 59" E