Systematics of the nightshade family

The systematics of the nightshade family (Solanaceae) has not yet been generally recognized. This is mainly due to the size of the nightshade family , but also to the morphological diversity and the fact that various morphological features can be subject to changes both genetically and locally, and that some features have developed several times in parallel within the family .

The following systematics are the newer systematics that are complete down to the genus or sub-genus level, none of which, however, fully depicts the relationships within the family.

Systematics according to D'Arcy

Brunfelsia pauciflora

(Without sub-genera)

Subfamily Solanoideae

Tribe Solaneae: Acnistus , Athenaea , Capsicum , Cacabus , Cuatresia , Cyphomandra ¹ , Deprea , Dunalia , Exodeconus , Iochroma , jaltomata , Lycopersicon ¹ , Withania , Physalis , Leucophysalis , Magaranthus , Quincula , Saracha , Hebecladus , Archiphysalis , Chamaesaracha , Solanum , Lycianthes , Brachistus , Vassobia , Witheringia , Atropa , Hyoscyamus , Mandragora
Tribe Daturae: Brugmansia , Datura
Tribe Jaboroseae: Jaborosa , Salpichroa , Trechonaetes
Tribe Lycieae: Grabowskia , Lycium , Phrodus
Tribus Nicandreae: Nicandra
Tribus Solandreae: Solandra , Trianaea
Tribus Juanulloeae: Hawkesiophyton , Juanulloa , Markea , Schultesianthus , Rahowardiana
Tribe Hyoscyameae: Hyoscyamus , Scopolia , Physochlaina
Genera not classified within the subfamily: Discopodium , Mellissia , Nectouxia , Nothocestrum , Oryctes , Pauia , Triguera ¹ , Sterrhymenia

Subfamily Cestroideae

Tribus Cestreae: Cestrum , Metternichia , Sessea , Sesseopsis , Vestia , Phrodus
Tribe Nicotianea: Benthamiella , Bouchetia , Combera , Nicotiana , Nierembergia , Pantacantha , Petunia , Fabiana , Latua
Tribus Salpiglossideae: Browallia , Brunfelsia , Leptoglossis , Reyesia , Salpiglossis , Hunzikeria , Schizanthus , Streptosolen
Tribe Schwenckieae: Melananthus , Protoschwenckia , Schwenckiopsis , Schwenckia
Tribe Parabouchetieae: Parabouchetia
Tribus Anthocercideae: Anthocercis , Anthotroche , Crenidium , Cyphanthera , Duboisia , Grammosolen , Symonanthus
genera not classified within the subfamily: Anisodus , Atrichodendron , Heteranthia , Przewalskia

Systematics according to Hunziker

Subfamily Cestroideae

Tribus Cestreae: Cestrum , Vestia , Sessea
Tribus Metternichieae: Metternichia
Tribus Latueae: Latua
Tribe Nicotianeae

Subertribus Nicotianinae: Nicotiana , Petunia , Fabiana
Subertribus Nierembergiinae: Nierembergia , Bouchetia
Subertribus Leptoglossinae: Leptoglossis , Hunzikeria , Plowmania

Tribus Benthamielleae: Benthamiella , Pantacantha , Combera
Tribus Francisceae: Brunfelsia
Tribus Browallieae: Browallia , Streptosolen
Tribe Schwenckieae: Schwenckia , Melananthus , Protoschwenckia , Heteranthia

Subfamily Juanulloideae: Juanulloa , Dyssochroma , Ectozoma , Hawkesiophyton , Markea , Merinthopodium , Rahowardiana , Schultesianthus , Trianaea
Subfamily Solanoideae

Tribus Nicandreae: Nicandra
Tribus Mandragoreae: Mandragora
Tribe Datureae: Datura , Brugmansia
Tribe Lycieae: Lycium , Phrodus , Grabowskia
Tribe Solaneae

Untertribus Witheringinae: Witheringia , Brachistus , Cuatresia , Deprea , Discopodium , Exodeconus , Jaltomata , Nothocestrum , Acnistus
Untertribus Physalinae: Physalis , Quincula , Leucophysalis , Chamaesaracha
Subertribus Iochrominae: Iochroma , Saracha , Oryctes , Tubocapsicum
Subertribus Capsicinae: Capsicum , Aureliana , Athenaea , Darcyanthus , Eriolarynx , Vassobia , Larnax , Dunalia , Withania
Untertribus Solaninae: Solanum , Cyphomandra ¹ , Lycopersicon ¹ , Lycianthes , Triguera ¹ , Normania ¹

Tribe Atropeae: Atropa
Tribe Jaboroseae: Jaborosa , Salpichroa , Nectouxia
Tribe Solandreae: Solandra
Tribe Hyoscyameae: Hyoscyamus , Anisodus , Atropanthe , Physochlaina , Przewalskia , Scopolia

Subfamily Salpiglossoideae: Salpiglossis , Reyesia
Subfamily Schizanthoideae: Schizanthus
Subfamily Anthocercidoideae: Anthocercis , Anthotroche , Cyphanthera , Crenidium , Duboisia , Grammosolen , Symonanthus

Genera that, according to Hunziker, are no longer included in the nightshade family: Duckeodendron , Eutheta , Goetzea , Espadaea , Coeloneurum , Bissea , Lithophytum , Nolana , Parabouchetia , Retzia , Sclerophylax , Tsoala , Tunaria , Valerioa .

Systematics according to Olmstead (1999)

Subfamily Cestroideae

Tribus Browallieae: Browallia , Streptosolen
Tribus Cestreae: Cestrum , Metternichia , Sessea , Vestia
Tribus Salpiglossideae: Reyesia , Salpiglossis

Subfamily Goetzeoideae: Coeloneurum , Espadaea , Goetzea , Henoonia
Subfamily Petunioideae: Benthamiella , Bouchetia , Brunfelsia , Calibrachoa , Combera , Fabiana , Hunzikeria , Latua , Leptoglossis , Nierembergia , Pantacantha , Petunia , Plowmania
Subfamily Schizanthoideae: Schizanthus
Subfamily Schwenckioideae: Heteranthia , Melananthus , Protoschwenckia , Schwenckia
Subfamily Nicotianoideae

Tribus Anthocercideae, Anthocercis , Anthotroche , Crenidium , Cyphanthera , Duboisia , Grammosolen , Symonanthus
Tribe Nicotianeae: Nicotiana

Subfamily Solanoideae

Tribe Capsiceae: Capsicum , Lycianthes
Tribe Datureae: Brugmansia , Datura , Methysticodendron
Tribe Hyoscyameae: Anisodus , Atropa , Atropanthe , Hyoscyamus , Physochlaina , Przewalskia , Scopolia
Tribe Jaboroseae: Jaborosa
Tribe Solandreae

Subertribus Juanulloinae, Dyssochroma , Ectozoma , Hawkesiophyton , Juanulloa , Markea , Merinthopodium , Rahowardiana , Schultesianthus , Trianaea

Subertribus Solandrinae: Solandra

Tribe Lycieae: Grabowskia , Lycium , Phrodus
Tribus Mandragoreae: Mandragora
Tribe Nicandreae: Exodeconus , Nicandra
Tribe Nolaneae: Alona , Nolana
Tribe Physaleae

Subertribus Iochrominae: Acnistus , Dunalia , Iochroma , Saracha , Vassobia
Untertribus Physalinae: Brachistus , Chamaesaracha , Leucophysalis , Magaranthus , Oryctes , Quincula , Physalis , Witheringia
Subertribus Salpichroinae: Nectouxia , Salpichroa
Subertribus Withaninae, Archiphysalis , Athenaea , Aureliana , Cuatresia , Deprea , Larnax , Mellissia , Physalisatrum , Tubocapsicum , Withania

Tribus Solaneae, Cyphomandra ¹ , Discopodium , Jaltomata , Lycopersicon ¹ , Normania ¹ , Nothocestrum , Solanum , Triguera

Systematics according to Olmstead (2008)

Not classified in a subfamily: Duckeodendron , Schizanthus
Subfamily Goetzeoideae: Coeloneurum , Espadaea , Goetzea , Henoonia , Metternichia , Tsoala
Tribus Benthamielleae (possibly also classified in Cestroideae): Benthamiella , Combera , Panthacantha
Subfamily Cestroideae:
- Tribus Cestreae: Cestrum , Sessea , Vestia
- Tribus Browallieae: Browallia , Streptosolen
- Tribus Salpiglossideae: Reyesia , Salpiglossis
- Protoschwenckia
Tribus Petunieae: Bouchetia , Brunfelsia , Calibrachoa , Fabiana , Hunzikeria , Leptoglossis , Nierembergia , Petunia , Plowmania
Tribe Schwenckieae: Heteranthia , Melanathus , Schwenckia
x = 12 -clade (no rank)
- Subfamily Nicotianoideae:
  - “Tribus” Anthocercideae: Anthocercis , Anthotroche , Crenidium , Cyphanthera , Duboisia , Grammosolen , Symonanthus
  - Nicotiana
- Subfamily Solanoideae:
  - Atropina (not ranked):
    - Tribe Hyoscyameae: Anisodus , Atropanthe , Atropa , Hyoscyamus , Physochlaina , Przewalskia , Scopolia
    - Tribe Lycieae: Lycium (incl. Grabowskia , Phrodus )
    - Jaborosa , Latua , Nolana , Sclerophylax
  - Tribe Capsiceae: Capsicum , Lycianthes
  - Tribe Datureae: Brugmansia , Datura , Iochroma cardenasianum
  - Tribus Juanulloeae: Dyssochroma , Juanulloa , Markea (incl. Hawkesiophyton ), Merinthopodium , Trianaea
  - Tribe Physaleae:
    - Subtribus Withaninae: Athenaea , Aureliana , Discopodium , Nothocestrum , Tubocapsicum , Withania (incl. Archiphysalis , Physaliastrum , Mellissia )
    - Subtribe Iochrominae: Acnistus , Dunalia , Eriolarynx , Iochroma , Saracha , Vassobia
    - Subtribus Physalinae: Brachistus , Chamaesaracha , Leucophysalis , Margaranthus , Oryctes , Physalis , Quincula , Tzeltalia , Witheringia
    - Not further classified in the Physaleae: Cuatresia , Deprea , Larnax
  - Salpichroina (without rank): Nectouxia , Salpichroa
  - Tribe Solaneae: Jaltomata , Solanum
  - Not classified further in the Solanoideae: Exodeconus , Mandragora , Nicandra , Schultesianthus , Solandra

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JAM van Balken: Overview of Solanaceae Species , online
Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae. ARG Gantner Verlag KG, Ruggell, Liechtenstein 2001. ISBN 3-904144-77-4 .
Richard G. Olmstead et al .: Phylogeny and Provisional Classification of the Solanaceae Based on Chloroplast DNA (PDF; 131 kB) . In Solanaceae IV, Advances in Biology and Utilization , editors: M. Nee, DE Symon, JP Jessup, and JG Hawkes, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1999. Pages 111-137.
Richard G. Olmstead et al .: A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae . In: Taxon , Volume 57, Number 4, November 2008. pp. 1159-1181.

to ¹ : The genera Cyphomandra ( Tamarillo ), Lycopersicon ( tomatoes ), Normania and Triguera the genus are commonly today Solanum ( Solanum ) subordinate.