Walt Disney

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Walt Disney (1938)
Walt Disney 1942 signature.svg

Walter Elias "Walt" Disney (born December 5, 1901 in Chicago , Illinois , †  December 15, 1966 in Burbank , California ) was an American animator and film producer and one of the most influential and most honored personalities in the film industry of the 20th century.

Disney began producing short commercials and cartoons with its first animation studio in Kansas City in the early 1920s , before moving to Hollywood in 1923, where he founded the Walt Disney Company with his brother Roy O. Disney . Further short films, which also used a mixture of animation and real film, followed the invention of Mickey Mouse in 1928 , with which Walt Disney became one of the world's most famous and successful film producers within a few years. In the 1930s, he continued to develop animated films with his studio, for example by adding sound and color , and finally in 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, released the first full-length animated film, which is now considered a milestone in film history . Other of these films such as Pinocchio (1940) , Bambi (1942) , Cinderella (1950) or Sleeping Beauty (1959) are also among the best and most popular works of the cartoon genre.

In the course of his career, Walt Disney developed from a resourceful thinker who wanted to perfect animated films, to America's most popular filmmaker and the "fairy tale uncle of the nation". His films were popular with a wide audience of all ages and the cartoon characters he invented, Donald Duck , Goofy , Pluto, and others, became iconic characters in the entertainment industry. By 1955 opened theme park Disneyland to Walt Disney fulfilled a lifelong dream and created the beginning of a number of other Disney parks around the world. In addition, he was one of the first film producers to use the emerging television in the 1950s to present new films and series and to advertise the works of his studio. Disney was awarded a total of 26 Oscars , which is unmatched to this day. Even after his death, the Disney studios produced numerous successful films and series; the name "Disney" has become an internationally known brand for a wide range of products for the entertainment industry .

Life

Family, childhood and youth

Walter Elias Disney was the fourth of five children of the building contractor Elias Disney (1859-1941) and his wife Flora Call (1868-1938). His father was Canadian from a family of Irish descent , the German-American mother came from Ohio; they had married in Florida in 1888, where Elias Disney ran a citrus plantation . The name Disney itself originally comes from Isigny-sur-Mer in France, its noble ancestors there were called d'Isigny or Deisigni. After economic failure and the birth of their first two sons, Herbert and Raymond Disney, the family moved to Chicago, Illinois, where Elias took a job as a carpenter . After the birth of Roy , Walt and Ruth Disney, the family moved to Marceline (Missouri) in 1906 , where they lived and operated a farm they had bought. It was around this time that Walt first developed an interest in drawing after receiving a sketchpad from an aunt. Since this farm was also cultivated with fruit and the fruit market collapsed a few years later, Elias Disney had to sell the farm in 1910. With proceeds of 6,000 dollars, he bought a newspaper company in Kansas City, Missouri , the Kansas City Star .

In order to deliver the newspapers to the customers, Elias Disney made his sons Roy and Walt work. Even in the depths of winter at temperatures as low as −30 ° C, they had to deliver newspapers all over the city at half past three in the morning and received neither wages nor pocket money. In order to still earn some money, Walt took on several small part-time jobs at a young age. In 1914, for example, he performed with his friend Walt Pfeiffer as an amateur cabaret artist for two dollars an evening. In 1916, his father sold the newspaper again and relocated to Chicago again, where he invested in a jam factory. Walt stayed in Kansas City for the time being to finish the school year and took art classes at the local art school for the first time. He also worked as a lemonade and candy salesman for the railroad before following his family to Chicago in the fall of 1916. There, too, Walt had numerous part-time jobs and attended courses at the art academy three times a week, for which his father paid.

Spurred on by his brother Roy's service in the US Army in World War I , Walt also wanted to serve in the military, but was rejected as too young. A year later he volunteered as a driver for the Red Cross in France, where he was employed as an ambulance driver over the winter of 1918/1919. Here, too, he earned a lot on the side by making drawings and painted jackets. In the fall of 1919, Walt Disney returned to the United States with the decision to become a drawing artist . He settled again in Kansas City, where his brother Roy was living at the time, and took some positions as a draftsman in various newspapers and studios. During one of these jobs he got to know Ub Iwerks , an animation artist and technician, with whom he set up his own drawing studio in early 1920.

Beginnings of the drawing studio

The building that was Disney's first own film studio (recorded in 2010).

With start-up capital of $ 250, Disney and Iwerks bought the necessary equipment and rented a small office as a studio. They began to draw short commercials for companies until Disney got a job in an advertising agency a short time later and Iwerks also started there shortly afterwards. Since Disney wanted to improve the quality of animated films , he always experimented with it on the side, read books on film and motion sequences, developed ideas and made his own designs. His first cartoons, which he called "Laugh-o-Grams," which screened as supporting films in Kansas City theaters, encouraged him to go back into business. He officially registered his company, which he also called “Laugh-O-Gram”, on May 23, 1920.

In the following years the studio produced some short films, including a. based on models such as Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten , Little Red Riding Hood or Cinderella , which were sold but did not make enough profit. The silent films Alice's Wonderland , which show the child actress Virginia Davis in an animated cartoon land, could not save the company from bankruptcy. After a few precarious months, in which Disney was financially supported by his brother Roy and kept himself afloat with occasional assignments, he made the decision to move to Los Angeles and start up his company there. He sold his camera for the train ride and traveled to California with only $ 40 in his pocket.

Hollywood and breakthrough

Donald Duck is one of the most famous characters from the Disney studios

For the first few weeks after arriving on the west coast, Disney stayed with an uncle and tried to sell his Kansas City films to various film rental companies. He finally managed to sell the idea of ​​the Laugh-O-Gram films to the owner of a cinema chain, who then ordered a whole series of them. Shortly thereafter, the New York film rental company MJ Winkler became interested in the Alice films and offered Disney $ 1,500 per new film role. For the production, Walt Disney again borrowed money from his brother Roy and various other relatives and rented a small office for $ 35 a month. The contract with MJ Winkler for twelve Alice films was signed on October 16, 1923 - that day is considered to be the founding of the Walt Disney Company .

For the aforementioned film series Alice in Cartoonland , Walt Disney personally took over all the work (direction, camera work, animation) and always invested the income in the production of the subsequent film. He attached great importance to continuous technical and qualitative improvement of the films; a quality that should continue to shape his artistic work as a film producer in the future. In July 1924 Ub Iwerks also moved from Kansas City to Hollywood to join Walt Disney. The success of the Alice films was particularly evident from the 7th episode in the same year, so that the contract with MJ Winkler was renewed twice in the mid-1920s . A new, larger studio was built with the profit and draftsmen were hired. On July 13, 1925, Walt Disney and Lillian Marie Bounds (1899-1997) married in Lewiston, Idaho. The couple had a biological child, Diane Marie Disney (1933-2013), and adopted daughter Sharon Mae Disney (1936-1993).

In 1926 Disney gave up drawing and left Iwerks to conceptualize its characters, while he himself contributed ideas and took on creative coordination. After around 60 Alice films by 1927, the series had lost its appeal and new characters were sought. The new film series Oswald the Funny Rabbit is considered the forerunner of Mickey Mouse and became so successful that Disney wanted to negotiate a higher purchase price with the film rental company in New York. The responsible representative, Charles Mintz , did not agree to this and had already signed some employees of Disney Studios with him in advance. If Disney didn’t accept his much lower offer, he would let the Oswald films continue to produce alone. Due to the then common practice of film rental companies to take over all rights to film series, Disney was defeated in the negotiations and there was a break between them and Mintz.

On the return trip from New York to Los Angeles, Disney invented the character Mickey Mouse , which was "finalized" in the studio by April 1928, i.e. specifically designed. He originally wanted to call her “Mortimer the Mouse” before his wife suggested the name “Mickey Mouse”. Walt Disney designed the character's personality and character, while Ub Iwerks implemented them visually. The first Mickey Mouse film Plane Crazy was drawn entirely by Iwerks and had its premiere on May 15, 1928. When the first sound film in film history was released in 1927 with The Jazzsinger , this encouraged Walt Disney to add new aspects to the cartoon genre and to upgrade his latest production by adding sound and music effects to the drawn images. Finding a film rental company was difficult at first, as most insisted on a transfer of rights to the character, which was impossible for Disney. In the end he found a landlord in Pat Powers who offered the Mickey Mouse films to independent and smaller cinemas. In November 1928, Steamboat Willie celebrated its premiere in New York, in which Minnie Mouse and Kater Karlo also played their first roles. The reviews were almost without exception positive and the audience welcomed Mickey Mouse with joy.

Spurred on by the success of the first Mickey Mouse sound films, Disney created the new series of animated films, Silly Symphonies , in which new animation techniques were tested in conjunction with music and sound effects. Within a few years Mickey Mouse became known worldwide and Disney became one of the most successful film producers. In the course of the 1930s a total of 90 Mickey Mouse films were made, however, according to Disney, the character became a "problem child" over time, as the audience increasingly expected the enormously popular character to remain kind and good. New figures had to be found that were more flexible in their display options. In 1934 Donald Duck made his first appearance in the Silly Symphony film The Wise Little Hen . Other popular characters invented by Walt Disney were Goofy , Pluto and Daisy Duck .

The "golden" years of the Disney studios

Even in his early years as a film producer, Walt Disney was always striving to add new aspects to animated films and to develop, perfect and popularize the film genre. As a pioneer of animation in the late 1920s and early 1930s, he pursued these goals and tried to make use of every technological innovation for his films. In 1932, for example, he published the animated film Von Blumen und Trees, the first Technicolor film with more natural-looking colors, which earned him one of his first Oscars in the same year . Disney had secured the exclusive right to use the Technicolor process until 1935. He spared no expense to produce the films more precisely, more accurately and in a more elaborate manner. The seven-minute short film The Band Concert (1935) in color cost around $ 88,000, making it the most expensive animated film to date.

During the Great Depression , Disney Studios made amusing films for everyone that made people temporarily forget their everyday worries. However, the expensive productions also meant that the profit from the films was clearly limited. Although the costs were mostly recovered, the company's income was generated through an extensive selection of merchandising for the Disney characters, especially Mickey Mouse. The invention of dubbing in the mid-1930s made it possible for the films etc. a. could be translated into German , French and Spanish and thus became more and more popular on international film markets. Disney's films were first released in theaters by United Artists . The rental company let the filmmaker switch to RKO Pictures after differences and therefore could not participate in the commercial success of the following productions.

Walt Disney 1935 in Paris

By 1935, Disney Studios in Hollywood was a multi-million dollar company and the largest film studio of its kind. However, Disney wanted to develop animation even further, for both artistic and commercial reasons. As early as mid-1934, there were rumors that Walt Disney was planning to produce a full-length cartoon. On a trip to Europe in 1935 with his brother Roy, who was now in charge of the company's finances, Disney saw a compilation of several of his short films into a full-length program in Paris, which reinforced his decision for the project. In his youth he had seen the silent film Snow White with Marguerite Clark in the lead role and had since taken a liking to fairy tales, which had also been shown in early film adaptations of his studio. Disney calculated costs of $ 250,000 for the upcoming production and a production time of 18 months until completion.

The project overshadowed everything that had come before. Walt Disney was extremely enthusiastic and focused almost all of his staff on working on Snow White . He monitored the film down to the smallest detail; every scene, every camera position and every cut was discussed with him and had to be approved by him. The use of the multiplan camera , which emerged in the course of production , could therefore only be used for scenes that had not yet been filmed, although Disney would have preferred to record the entire film again with this technology. He also instructed his draftsman to discard unsatisfactory results and start over. Another important element of the film was the use of color. Due to warnings from various quarters that cinema-goers could not stand bright colors for 80 minutes, colors were tested and evaluated in the studio laboratories in order to keep them in pleasant tones and at the same time to transfer them from paper to canvas in the desired shade.

The term “Disney's Folly”, which was picked up by newspapers and other media and became the epitome of the financial risk that Disney was taking, became known in connection with the tireless efforts for uncertain prospects of success. Due to the immense amount of work on Snow White , the production time was extended to almost three years and devoured many times the originally budgeted budget. Huge loans from various banks had to be taken out to complete the film, so the production ended up costing $ 1.75 million. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs premiered on December 21, 1937 at the Carthay Circle Theater in Hollywood in front of a prominent audience and became a milestone in film history. It grossed over $ 8.5 million and became the most successful film ever. In 1939, Disney was honored by the Film Academy with an honorary Oscar , which consisted of a regular Oscar and seven symbolic miniature editions.

Following the great success of Snow White , Walt Disney built a larger studio building in Burbank at a cost of $ 3 million, which now employed around 1,500 people. He planned to produce two full-length films each year, each time exceeding their predecessors in quality. In February 1940, Pinocchio premiered after two years of production. That film had cost $ 2.5 million, more than Snow White . It was critically acclaimed and dubbed in seven languages. However, the beginning of the Second World War led to the disappearance of the European market, which had a negative effect on Pinocchio as well as on the music film Fantasia, which appeared in November 1940 . The latter was an absolute novelty, as it was the first cartoon to combine works by composers such as Beethoven , Tchaikovsky and Stravinsky with animation scenes. The work, under the musical direction of Leopold Stokowski, was the first feature film to feature a stereo soundtrack . Nevertheless, both films ran into financial failures, which meant that Disney was granted more difficult loans for further large projects.

War and post-war years

Due to the unpredictable financial situation, the 1940s began extremely precariously for Walt Disney's studio. The new feature film Dumbo had to be produced under relatively modest circumstances. In addition, a week-long strike in the spring of 1941 overshadowed the studios. Neither Dumbo nor Bambi , which began in 1937 and was completed in 1942 , was nearly as successful as Snow White , although today they are among Disney's greatest classics. In 1942, Disney also received an Oscar of Honor for Fantasia . During the war years, 700 employees of the US air defense were billeted in the Disney studios and the studio harnessed to state interests. Both educational and information films and cartoons for propaganda purposes were produced by Disney.

Right (in the foreground); Visit of Morro da Portela, Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro district) during a visit to Brazil in 1941.

In 1941 the State Department requested Walt Disney for a "goodwill trip" to Latin America, where his films were also popular to a. promote understanding between peoples and make a short film in each country visited. The result was the approximately 40-minute film Three Caballeros in Samba Fever ( Saludos Amigos ), which was released in 1943 and both documents the trip and integrates well-known Disney characters in a South American ambience. As a successor, Drei Caballeros was produced, which ties in with the same topics and was released in theaters in 1945. Although the films brought in their costs, larger projects could still not be financed. After the war ended, Disney's studio was $ 4 million in debt. Due to the lack of a budget for long animated films, several cartoons were put together into full-length programs instead, and films such as Happy, Free, Fun and Music, Dance and Rhythm were made in the second half of the 1940s.

Walt Disney with wife and daughters at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (1951)

After the Second World War , Disney produced numerous adventure films such as Treasure Island based on Robert Louis Stevenson or 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea based on Jules Verne , as well as a number of documentaries, along with other animated films . The first, Seal Island (1948), won an Oscar . In the next few years, more animal documentaries were shown in cinemas around the world. The Disney studios themselves called their documentaries about animals and plants "True Life Adventures" ("Adventure in the realm of nature"). In addition, there was “People and Places”, a series of documentaries about different countries and their inhabitants. Due to the success of these films, more complex projects could be tackled again from now on. A full-length fairy tale had been worked on again since 1948, and in 1950 Cinderella came to the cinemas, which became the greatest success since Snow White and brought the Disney Studios back on the road to success after a decade.

The 1953 film Peter Pan , the story of which Walt Disney had fascinated since childhood, became one of the studios' most successful films. In the same year, the first full-length documentary was released, The Desert Lives , which also became a financial and artistic sensation and gave a new impetus to the genre, which had hitherto been neglected from a commercial point of view. The better financial situation enabled Disney to set up its own film distribution company , which gave it greater freedom in the distribution and marketing of its films.

TV pioneer and Disneyland

In order to get more money for his numerous plans, Walt Disney was one of the first Hollywood producers in the early 1950s to take advantage of the emerging television . He signed a seven-year contract with what was then ABC-Paramount for a TV show called Disneyland ; In return, it acquired a third of the shares in a company to finance the planned amusement park of the same name. Western Publishing , which published the Disney comics, acquired another stake . Through the television show, which was produced by the Disney studios from October 1954 and broadcast weekly on ABC, Walt Disney developed into a kind of “fairy tale uncle of the nation” and thus also a nationally popular television presenter . His face became even better known as he presented his latest films on television, explained the art of animation or moderated films and series.

Wernher von Braun (right) and Walt Disney (1954)

Disney landed its biggest series hit in the mid- 1950s with Davy Crockett , who made Fess Parker a star and also made it to the cinema in two films. With foresight, Disney had most of its television programs shot in color, even if the state of the art at the time only allowed black and white broadcasting. The investments paid off through theatrical releases and subsequent color reruns. Several television specials dealing with the possibilities of space travel were unusual . For this, Disney teamed up with space pioneer Wernher von Braun , who presented the films made by Ward Kimball together with Disney and others. With the German physicist and popular scientist Heinz Haber , Disney created the television special Our Friend the Atom , with which - in the spirit of the Eisenhower government - the image of nuclear energy should be improved.

On July 17, 1955, Walt Disney opened his first amusement park ( Disneyland ) in Anaheim, south of Los Angeles, thereby fulfilling a dream that had been cherished for decades. He later bought back the shares in it, eventually becoming the sole owner of the amusement park. The design was done in connection with draftsmen from his studios and is also based on a typical Disney film. The main street is based on Marceline , the city of his early childhood. The railway that runs through the area also came from Disney's long fascination with this mode of transport. In the same year, Susi and the Tramp, the first cartoon in the cinemascope format, was released. The Disney studios now had great commercial successes with the amusement park, films, television series, related music, merchandising, and comics in several branches of the entertainment industry, expanding Disney's empire.

Since 1950 they have been working on another fairy tale adaptation, which was interrupted in between and finally came to the cinemas in 1959 as Sleeping Beauty . This film was also produced using the Cinemascope process and, with a budget of 6 million dollars, had become the most expensive cartoon to date. Around the same time, the Disneyland TV show was renamed Walt Disney Presents . Films and series from various genres were presented, including a. Western series, an adaptation of Zorro or the Hardy Boys . For children there was also the Mickey Mouse Club and a variety of comic series with well-known Disney characters in the lead roles. Although these were all written and designed by talented draftsmen, most of them never got a mention as an artist in their work. The comics were all presented with the name Walt Disney's.

Recent activities

The Magic Kingdom at Disneyworld, Orlando (2015)

At the beginning of the 1960s, Disney increasingly distanced itself from the feature films of its studio and concentrated on the further development of its amusement park. In 1963 around 7 million people visited Disneyland in Anaheim every year. In 1964 he bought the site for the second park, Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando , Florida , which was to become even more successful, but did not open until 1971. In addition to the park, part of the so-called Florida Project was an experimental town called EPCOT and an airport, both of which were given up with the death of Walt Disney. Also in 1964, the most successful Disney feature film, Mary Poppins , came out, which received five Academy Awards from 13 nominations . The last film personally participated in the Disney was The Jungle Book (The Jungle Book) after he did not live to its completion in the year.

On December 15, 1966, Walt Disney died at the age of 65 as a heavy smoker after surgery from lung cancer . He left behind $ 18 million worth of shares (about $ 143 million as of today). He was cremated and buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale , California . His older brother Roy took over Walt Disney Productions and the further development of the new park. After his death, it was rumored that Walt Disney had been cryonically frozen. When and by whom exactly it was put into circulation is not known. The fact that the rumor was able to spread at all and was not directly dismissed as nonsense is attributed on the one hand to the lack of information about Disney's funeral and on the other hand to his reputation as a technical innovator.

Disney's relation to politics

Walt Disney saw himself as a patriot and anti-communist , especially after the unions in Hollywood started organizing animators and his company was on strike in 1941 as a result. He was accused of having a close relationship with the FBI . As an informant, he is said to have provided the FBI with reports on employees of his group who were active in communism . In McCarthy's time , this meant that those named in the reports would be jailed or blacklisted . The extent to which Disney was put under pressure in its reports is controversial. What is certain is that he was aware of the consequences of his statements. A group of filmmakers in Hollywood ( The Hollywood Ten ) denied reports of this kind to the FBI - and were arrested.

Politically, Disney was a supporter of the Republican Party . Among other things, he supported the extremely conservative Republican Barry Goldwater in the 1964 presidential election , who was clearly defeated by Lyndon B. Johnson . In 1966 he supported his friend, the also conservative Republican Ronald Reagan , in the California gubernatorial elections , who won.

In the run-up to the 1944 presidential election , Disney ran as an elector for Electoral College . Because he was running for a Republican title, but California chose the Roosevelt / Truman Democratic team , Disney couldn't become an electorate.

See also the FBI documents on this subject in the Reading Room of the FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) on Walt Disney.

honors and awards

The following list contains a selection of Disney's awards:

Film awards

Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

During its lifetime and posthumously , Disney has received a total of 26 Academy Awards . This makes him the filmmaker most frequently awarded this prize. He also received 37 other Oscar nominations, including 1965 as the producer of Mary Poppins for Best Picture.

Postage stamp issued in 1968 with the image of Walt Disney

Golden Globe Awards

  • 1948 - Special price for Bambi ( Bambi , 1942) - u. a. for the Hindi version of the film
  • 1953 - Cecil B. DeMille Lifetime Achievement Award
  • 1954 - Special Award for The Living Desert ( The Living Desert , 1953)
  • 1955 - Prize for Davy Crockett in the Disneyland series
  • 1956 - Prize for Mickey Mouse Club

British Film Academy Award

Cannes International Film Festival

  • 1946 - Best Animated Film: Make Mine Music (1946)
  • 1953 - Special prize of the jury for his contributions to the recognition of the festival

David di Donatello

Directors Guild of America

  • 1955 - DGA Honorary Life Member Award

Golden canvas

Laurel Awards

  • 1958 - Golden Laurel as top producer (2nd place)
  • 1959 - Golden Laurel as top producer (3rd place)
  • 1960 - Golden Laurel as top producer (2nd place)
  • 1961–1964 - Golden Laurel as top producer
  • 1965, 1966 - Golden Laurel as a producer
  • 1967 - Golden Laurel Special Award - posthumously for Disney, "whose artistic genius and love of life have brought joyful family entertainment to audiences around the world and continues to delight every new generation of moviegoers" (" whose artistic genius and love of life brought joyful family entertainment to audiences around the world and continue to delight each new generation of filmgoers ”)

Montréal World Film Festival

  • 1999 - Grand Prix Special des Amériques - posthumously, for Disney's extraordinary contributions to film art; the award was accepted by his daughter Diane Disney Miller

Motion Picture Screen Cartoonists Awards

  • 1987 - Special award for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ( Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , 1937) - posthumously, honor on the occasion of the 50th birthday of the film

New York Film Critics Circle Awards

  • 1939 - Special award for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ( Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , 1937)
  • 1940 - Special Prize for Fantasia ( Fantasia , 1940)

Venice International Film Festival

  • 1934 - Best Animated Film: Three Little Pigs ( Three Little Pigs , 1933)
  • 1935 - Best animated film: The Band Concert ( Mickys Platzkonzert , 1935)
  • 1937 - Best animated film: Hawaiian Holiday ( vacation in Hawaii , 1937), Musicland , The Country Cousin ( The cousin from the countryside , 1936), The Old Mill ( The Old Mill , 1937), Alpine Climbers ( Alpine Climbers , 1936) and Mickey's Polo Team ( Mickey's Polo Team , 1936)
  • 1938 - Grand Biennale Great Art Trophy for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ( Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , 1937)
  • 1948 - Best Animated Film: Melody Time ( Music, Dance, Rhythm , 1948)
  • 1950 - Special Jury Prize for Cinderella (1950)
  • 1950 - Special Jury Prize for Beaver Valley (1950)
  • 1951 - Best Documentary: Nature's Half Acre (1951)

Emmy Awards

  • 1954 Operation Undersea (ABC) - Best individual program of the year
  • 1954 - Disneyland (ABC) - Best variety series with musical interludes
  • 1955 - Disneyland (ABC) - Best action or adventure series
  • 1962, 1963 - Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color (NBC) - Outstanding programming achievement in the field of children's programming

Annie Awards

Walk of Fame

Disney has two stars on the famous "Walk of Fame" (Hollywood Boulevard), one for its filmmaking and one for its television work.

Other honors

See also

literature

Biographies

Film books and studies

Film documentaries

  • Walt Disney - The Wizard . Two-part television documentary by Sarah Colt, Tom Jennings and Mark Zwonitzer. USA 2015, 222 minutes
  • Walt. The Man Behind the Myth . TV documentary by Jean-Pierre Isbouts, Katherine Greene and Richard Greene. USA 2001, 119 minutes
  • Walt Disney's wonderful fairy tale world . TV documentary by Andrew Snell. USA 1992
  • Walt Disney: One Man's Dream . TV documentary by Phil May. USA 1981, approx. 120 minutes

Web links

Commons : Walt Disney  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ pp. 14-15
  2. ↑ p. 16
  3. ↑ p. 17
  4. ↑ p. 18
  5. ↑ p. 19
  6. ↑ p. 20
  7. ↑ p. 22
  8. ↑ p. 24
  9. ↑ p. 25f.
  10. ↑ a b p. 26
  11. ↑ p. 27
  12. ↑ p. 30
  13. ↑ p. 34
  14. ↑ p. 34f.
  15. ↑ p. 35
  16. ↑ p. 36
  17. ↑ p. 37
  18. ↑ p. 38
  19. ↑ p. 39
  20. ↑ p. 40
  21. ↑ p. 45
  22. ↑ p. 50
  23. ↑ p. 55
  24. ↑ p. 51
  25. ↑ p. 56
  26. ↑ p. 60
  27. ↑ p. 66f.
  28. ↑ a b p. 68
  29. ↑ p. 72
  30. ↑ p. 70
  31. ↑ p. 76
  32. ↑ a b p. 78
  33. ↑ p. 97
  34. ↑ p. 97f.
  35. ↑ p. 102
  36. ↑ p. 104f.
  37. ↑ p. 116f.
  38. ↑ p. 119f.
  39. ↑ p. 120
  40. ↑ a b p. 122
  41. ↑ p. 126
  42. ↑ p. 123
  43. ↑ p. 125
  44. ↑ p. 124
  45. ↑ p. 129
  46. ↑ p. 129f.
  47. ↑ p. 127f.
  48. ↑ p. 132
  49. ↑ p. 134
  • Others
  1. ↑ Philippe Gloaguen, et al .: Le Routard - Le guide de la visite d'entreprise; Caramel d'Isigny . No. 79/0425/0 . Hachette Livre, Vanves 2016, ISBN 978-2-01-323703-1 , pp. 169 .
  2. ↑ Martin Kölln : The park planner for the Walt Disney World Resort near Orlando, Florida - 2nd edition. , 2006, ISBN 3-8334-4253-0 , p. 14.
  3. ↑ When Walt Disney tried to build the city of the future. December 4, 2019, accessed December 5, 2019 .
  4. ↑ "Tom Hanks is not allowed to smoke as Walt Disney in Saving Mr. Banks because of Disney's ban on smoking" , filmstarts.de of November 18, 2013, accessed on December 15, 2016
  5. ^ Calculate the value of $ 18 in 1966. How much is it worth today? Retrieved May 5, 2019 .
  6. ↑ knerger.de: The grave of Walt Disney
  7. ↑ On the background of the cryogenics rumor (English); Retrieved November 8, 2009
  8. ↑ The man with the mouse , article from August 16, 1993 on Spiegel Online
  9. ↑ Documents of the FBI in the Reading Room of the FOIA ( Memento of August 10, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ List of all decorations awarded by the Federal President for services to the Republic of Austria from 1952 (PDF; 6.9 MB)
personal data
SURNAME Disney, Walt
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Disney, Walter Elias
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American animated film producer and inventor of Mickey Mouse and Co
DATE OF BIRTH December 5, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Chicago , Illinois
DATE OF DEATH December 15, 1966
Place of death Burbank , California