Bolt (website) and VY Canis Majoris: Difference between pages

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{{expand|date=March 2008}}
{{articleissues|article=y|wikify=March 2008|refimprove=March 2008|context=March 2008}}
__NOTOC__
{{Infobox Website
{{Starbox begin |
| name = Bolt
name=VY Canis Majoris }}
| logo = [[Image:oldbolt.JPG]]
{{Starbox observe |
| screenshot =
epoch=J2000 |
| caption = bolt.com logo from 2006 to 2007
ra=07<sup>h</sup> 22<sup>m</sup> 58.29<sup>s</sup> |
| url = [http://www.bolt.com/ www.Bolt.com]
dec=&minus;25° 46&prime; 03.5&Prime; |
| alexa =
appmag_v= 9.527 |
| commercial = Yes
constell=[[Canis Major]] }}
| type = [[Social network service]]
{{Starbox end}}
| language = English
'''VY Canis Majoris''' ('''VY CMa''') is a red [[hypergiant]] [[star]] located in the constellation [[Canis Major]]. It is [[list of largest known stars|the largest known star]] and also [[list of most luminous stars|one of the most luminous]] known. It is located about 1.5 [[parsec|kiloparsecs]] (or 5,000 light-years) away from Earth.
| registration = Required for most services
| owner = Fundbolt, LLC
| author = [[Dan Pelson]]<br>Lee Morgenroth<br>David Cancel<br>[[Jane Mount]]
| launch date = [[1996]]
| current status = closed
| revenue =
| slogan =
}}
'''Bolt''' is a [[social networking]] and video [[website]] active from 1996 to 2007 before reopening in April 2008. It was shut down for a period of one year due to copyright violations leading to bankruptcy. It was acquired by new owners on January 4, 2008<ref>[http://demo.adsidea.com/simon/blot/about.html Adsidea.com] ''About Bolt.com'' Retrieved April 22, 2008</ref> and operated successfully for several months before announcing plans to go offline in October 2008.<ref>[http://www.bolt.com/forums/BoltTalk/BoltGeneral/topic/20328/sort/null/page1 Bolt.com]
"Bolt is Shutting Down" Retrieved 9/30/08</ref>
==1996-2006==
In 1996 Bolt.com was started as a teen community, by a team including [[Dan Pelson]], Lee Morgenroth, David Cancel and Jane Mount as part of [[Concrete Media]]. In many ways Bolt.com was ahead of its time. It was among the first [[social networking]] sites to appear on the Internet. It offered a wide range of unique services including a daily [[horoscope]], [[chat room]]s, [[message board]]s, tagbooks (a [[knowledge market]] feature), photo albums, [[internet radio]], [[browser game]]s, [[blog]]s, [[e-card]]s, an [[instant messenger]] service, a clubs feature (giving people with similar interests a common message board), and badges (a system of awards for user profiles). An e-mail service was hosted, but it was discontinued due to email companies such as Yahoo and Google providing between 1 and nearly 3 gigabytes of email storage for free, rendering Bolt's email service obsolete.
[[Image:boltmenu.JPG|300px|thumb|right|Old Bolt menu]]
As the site aged it relied more on corporate sponsorships. In 2002 the badges slowly started leaning towards company sponsored badges, which led to Bolt becoming more commercial and secretly sneaking ads into the users' activities. Some notable ones included the [[Verizon Wireless]], [[Gillette]], and [[Sony]] badges.


==Size==
Bolt was originally marketed towards teenagers to create content, meet people, and play games in a safe, no pressure, and age-appropriate environment. However, as members aged and stayed with the site, more and more members were college students and/or between 18-24. These members tended to be more interested in current events, religion, and politics, and kept the message boards active with lively heated debate. Many members had known each other for several years and have formed close bonds with their fellow "regs." When Boltfolio, soon to become the new Bolt.com was introduced, members were at first very willing to aid Bolt Media in improving the site. Tensions soon flared between Bolt Media and the supporters of the classic Bolt system as Bolt Media slowly started to turn their full attention to the new Bolt.com. Very few members were willing to make the switch, and after the demise of Bolt2, few stayed on to post on the new Bolt website.
[[University of Minnesota]] professor Roberta M. Humphreys<ref>[http://www.physics.umn.edu/people/rmh.html Roberta Humphreys, Professor (Astronomy)], [[University of Minnesota]] School of Physics and Astronomy</ref> estimates the radius of VY CMa at 1800 to 2100 [[solar radii]].<ref name="humphreys"/> To illustrate, if our [[Sun]] were replaced with VY Canis Majoris, its surface would extend to the orbit of [[Saturn]]. Assuming the upper size limit of 2100 solar radii, light would take more than 8 hours to travel around the star's circumference. Dr. Humphreys recently estimated<ref>[[Fraser Cain|Cain, Fraser]]. "[http://www.universetoday.com/2008/04/06/what-is-the-biggest-star-in-the-universe/ What is the Biggest Star in the Universe?]", ''[[Universe Today]]''.</ref> that the largest possible star is approximately 2,600 times the radius of the [[Sun]].


[[Image:Sun and VY Canis Majoris.svg|thumb|300px|right|Size comparison between the Sun and VY Canis Majoris]]
In 2004, bolt.com revamped its site during the summer and officially unveiled itself July 15, 2004. Renovations to the site were completed on September 14, 2004 when the clubs were re-opened. Some of the notable changes include:
If a human could walk on the surface of Canis Majoris &ndash; assuming a speed of 5 km/h (3 mph) for 8 hours a day &ndash; the person would have to walk for 650,000 years to circle the star (compared with 2 years 11 months to complete the same task on the [[Earth]], and 310 years 7 months on the Sun).
*The removal of [[HTML]] customization on the main club page.
*The removal of HTML in the club news, a popular feature that may have contributed to the fall in popularity of Bolt.


==Controversy==
Bolt.com's second iteration was originally known as Boltfolio, a Bolt Media property launched in late 2005. Touted by itself as the leader of the "cult of creativity", Boltfolio intended to provide a one-stop shop for creative users to upload their own photos, videos, and music, as well as write blogs or record directly from a webcam. The original aim was to provide a simple set of tools that would attract users of like-minded creative sites such as [[DeviantArt]], [[YouTube]], and [[Flickr]].


There are two controversial opinions of the properties of VY CMa. In one view (such as Roberta M. Humphreys' study<ref name="humphreys">[http://www.arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph?papernum=0610433 VY Canis Majoris: The Astrophysical Basis of Its Luminosity] ''[[arXiv]]'', [[2006-10-13]] Retrieved on 05-15-07 </ref>), the star is a very large and very luminous red [[hypergiant]]. In another opinion (such as Massey, Levesque, & Plez's study<ref>Massey, Philip; Levesque, Emily M.; Plez, Bertrand.. [http://www.arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph?papernum=0604253 Bringing VY Canis Majoris Down to Size: An Improved Determination of Its Effective Temperature] ''[[arXiv]]'', [[2006-04-11]]. Retrieved on 05-15-07 </ref>), the star is a normal red [[supergiant]], with a radius around 600 solar radii. In this case, its surface would extend well past the orbit of [[Mars]].
==2006-2008==
In December 2005 Bolt Media finalized a deal to purchase InterMedia Inc., a small company focused on a video-sharing site, [[Yashi]]. Yashi and Boltfolio were integrated into one site, and in March 2006 Bolt Media opted to focus the company on this new property. Thus Boltfolio became Bolt.com, bumping the existing Bolt.com site to the URL Bolt2.com on March 6. As 2006 wore on, creative Bolt members were featured less and less on the site, taking a back seat to videos produced by Bolt staff, popular music videos, and viral videos that also were appearing on competing video sites.


==References==
[[Image:bolt2logo.JPG|115px|left|bolt2.com logo]]
{{reflist}}

On October 17, 2006, one week after announcing a revenue-sharing deal with [[YouTube]], [[Universal Music]] filed suit against Bolt Media and another video site, [[Grouper]]. Universal contended that both sites allowed and promoted their users to swap pirated Music Videos. Several weeks later, Bolt removed the music section from their site, without any explanation.<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB114955194682572030-s1nmNUbpRmNt31hQ3t08ThCna80_20060707.html?mod=tff_main_tff_top The Wall Street Journal]"NBC Battles, and Joins With, Video Web Sites"</ref>

In February 2007, Bolt Media announced that it would be selling itself to [[GoFish]], another online video company, for $30 million. According to Aaron Cohen, Bolt's CEO, Bolt would once again change its focus from uploaded content to content creation; saying that the former was no longer "interesting business." Cohen and Bolt president Jay Gould are also involved in a new project, called [[WikiYou]], which has received seed funding from First Round Capital and Mayfield Fund.<ref>[http://newteevee.com/2007/02/11/boltcom-selling-to-gofish-for-30m/ NewTeeVee.com]"Bolt.com Selling to GoFish for $30M"</ref>

On Friday, [[March 30]], [[2007]] it was announced that Bolt2.com would shutdown on [[April 6]], [[2007]], ending more than 10 years of operations. This letter posted on the site to members of the community:

<blockquote>''"Well, the time had come. We have decided that it is time to officially say good-bye to Bolt2. In the past few years Bolt Media has explored new ideas, and grown in a different direction. As we continue to move in this direction it has become necessary that we need to make some difficult choices.''

''One of which is the closure of Bolt2. Although we value our loyal members, we are clearly moving in a new direction and need to focus our energies there. We recognize that many of you have been on the site for up to 10 years, and would like to thank you for your support and for allowing us to be a part of your lives. We hope you are able to take the time to reflect on the people who you may have met through Bolt2 and maintain these friendships after the site is down.''

''Much like pulling off a band-aid, the closure will be short and hopefully not too painful. The site will officially close on Friday, April 6th at noon (eastern standard time)."''

''Again, we would like to express our gratitude for your continued support of Bolt2. You have been a valuable part of our lives, and we hope to see you on Bolt in the future.''<ref>[http://mashable.com/2007/08/15/bolt-rip/ Mashable.com]"Bolt.com RIP: Files For Bankruptcy"</ref></blockquote>
[[Image:newbolt.JPG|115px|right|bolt.com logo from 2006 to 2008]]
On [[July 30]], [[2007]], [[Digital Music News]] reported that the GoFish buyout of Bolt had been abandoned.<ref>[http://www.digitalmusicnews.com/stories/073007gofish Digital Music News] GoFish report</ref> This was later confirmed by [[GoFish]] in a press release<ref>[http://www.prweb.com/releases/gofish/bolt_media/prweb544307.htm Prweb.com] press release</ref>.

Unable to withstand a lawsuit from copyright holders, Bolt.com filed for bankruptcy, and the site was shut down [[August 14]], [[2007]].

On [[April 21]], [[2008]], Bolt.com went live again. The domain is registered to Fundbolt, LLC, a limited liability company based in [[Irvington, New York]].<ref>[http://www.whois.net/whois_new.cgi?d=bolt&tld=com Whois.Net<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Many of the original user profiles seem intact and all the old forum posts seem to still be active.

On [[August 1,]], [[2008]], Bolt.com began integrating aspects of the old Bolt2.com site. Tagbooks, a popular way to ask questions and get answers from the broader community, were relaunched on the site.

On September 30, 2008, Bolt.com was announced to be shutting down once again. It was announced that this was due to the website's resurrection "not working out as they'd hoped".

On October 6, 2008, the site was shut down.

==Upgrades and Promotions==
*Bolt2.com was to be called classicbolt.com
*The Badge Race Club featured Bolt members in reality series based eliminations for collecting badges.
*Bolt user, ComputerTech, created a site called BoltSucks.com in response to various changes implemented by Bolt in 2004. During this time, they created their own badges, including a very vulgar badge for telling off a bolt staff member. BoltSucks.com was eventually abandoned by its founder and closed down.
*A club was created to promote a FOX show [[Wonderfalls]] in February 2004. A badge was given to members who joined to help spread the word of the show to increase viewership and the show's ratings. The show was canceled in early April and the club was quickly deleted.
*Bolt Radio had "radio stations" and members who submitted songs that they wanted to hear on Bolt Radio received the bolt DJ badge.
*On April 29, 2008, Bolt decided to use the classic Bolt logo again.

==The American Idol Effect==
In 2003 Bolt was the official message board for [[FOX]]'s [[American Idol]] during the second season. This created a swarm of new members signing up to only talk about American Idol. This did not sit well with the veterans, as the quality of discussion on the site greatly dwindled. FOX later created and maintained their own message boards for the third season, but cross promotion still continued with AI sponsored quizzes, avatars, and badges. By the fourth season, the cross promotion was gone, but the message boards were still created and maintained. There were no message boards created for the fifth season of American Idol.


==See also==
==See also==
* [[List of social networking websites]]
* [[Orders of magnitude (length)]]
* [[List of largest stars]]
* [[List of most luminous stars]]


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/03/ Astronomers Map a Hypergiant Star's Massive Outbursts], [[HubbleSite]] NewsCenter, [[2007-01-08]]
* [http://www.bolt.com Bolt.com]
* Helton, L. Andrew. [http://webusers.astro.umn.edu/~ahelton/research/VYCMa/ Research Topics - VY Canis Majoris], [[University of Minnesota]]
* [http://www.universetoday.com/2008/04/06/what-is-the-biggest-star-in-the-universe/ "What is the Biggest Star in the Universe?"], [[Universe Today]], [[2008-04-06]]


[[Category:Hypergiant stars]]
==References==
[[Category:Canis Major constellation]]
<references/>

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Revision as of 09:52, 12 October 2008


VY Canis Majoris
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Canis Major
Right ascension 07h 22m 58.29s
Declination −25° 46′ 03.5″
Apparent magnitude (V) 9.527

VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa) is a red hypergiant star located in the constellation Canis Major. It is the largest known star and also one of the most luminous known. It is located about 1.5 kiloparsecs (or 5,000 light-years) away from Earth.

Size

University of Minnesota professor Roberta M. Humphreys[1] estimates the radius of VY CMa at 1800 to 2100 solar radii.[2] To illustrate, if our Sun were replaced with VY Canis Majoris, its surface would extend to the orbit of Saturn. Assuming the upper size limit of 2100 solar radii, light would take more than 8 hours to travel around the star's circumference. Dr. Humphreys recently estimated[3] that the largest possible star is approximately 2,600 times the radius of the Sun.

Size comparison between the Sun and VY Canis Majoris

If a human could walk on the surface of Canis Majoris – assuming a speed of 5 km/h (3 mph) for 8 hours a day – the person would have to walk for 650,000 years to circle the star (compared with 2 years 11 months to complete the same task on the Earth, and 310 years 7 months on the Sun).

Controversy

There are two controversial opinions of the properties of VY CMa. In one view (such as Roberta M. Humphreys' study[2]), the star is a very large and very luminous red hypergiant. In another opinion (such as Massey, Levesque, & Plez's study[4]), the star is a normal red supergiant, with a radius around 600 solar radii. In this case, its surface would extend well past the orbit of Mars.

References

  1. ^ Roberta Humphreys, Professor (Astronomy), University of Minnesota School of Physics and Astronomy
  2. ^ a b VY Canis Majoris: The Astrophysical Basis of Its Luminosity arXiv, 2006-10-13 Retrieved on 05-15-07
  3. ^ Cain, Fraser. "What is the Biggest Star in the Universe?", Universe Today.
  4. ^ Massey, Philip; Levesque, Emily M.; Plez, Bertrand.. Bringing VY Canis Majoris Down to Size: An Improved Determination of Its Effective Temperature arXiv, 2006-04-11. Retrieved on 05-15-07

See also

External links

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