Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and ConVal Regional High School: Difference between pages

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42°54′23″N 71°56′20″W / 42.90639°N 71.93889°W / 42.90639; -71.93889 ConVal Regional High School (short for Contoocook Valley Regional High School) is a high school in Peterborough, New Hampshire that serves nine surrounding towns: Peterborough, Greenfield, Antrim, Dublin, Hancock, Sharon, Temple, Bennington and Francestown. ConVal has approximately 1,200 students and has had several notable sports and academic teams in the past.

ConVal's mascot is the cougar. The school colors are blue and gold.

Notable alumni

Sam Huntington, American actor
Brian Viglione, one half of the band The Dresden Dolls
Adam Warren, comic book artist and writer, known for his version of The Dirty Pair

External links

Official website

This New Hampshire school-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

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+{{coord|42|54|23|N|71|56|20|W|type:edu|display=title}}
-{{Infobox Two Sicilies Royalty|majesty
+'''ConVal Regional High School''' (short for '''Contoocook Valley Regional High School''') is a high school in [[Peterborough, New Hampshire]] that serves nine surrounding towns: Peterborough, [[Greenfield, New Hampshire|Greenfield]], [[Antrim, New Hampshire|Antrim]], [[Dublin, New Hampshire|Dublin]], [[Hancock, New Hampshire|Hancock]], [[Sharon, New Hampshire|Sharon]], [[Temple, New Hampshire|Temple]], [[Bennington, New Hampshire|Bennington]] and [[Francestown, New Hampshire|Francestown]].  ConVal has approximately 1,200 students and has had several notable sports and academic teams in the past.
-| name =Ferdinand II
-| title          =King of the Two Sicilies
+ConVal's mascot is the [[cougar]]. The school colors are blue and gold.
-| image          =Fernando II de las Dos Sicilias 2.jpg
-| caption        =
-| reign          =[[8 November]] [[1830]] - [[22 May]] [[1859]]
-| coronation     =
-| predecessor    =[[Francis I of the Two Sicilies|Francis I]]
-| successor      =[[Francis II of the Two Sicilies|Francis II]]
-| succession    = [[List of monarchs of the Two Sicilies|King of the Two Sicilies]]
-| spouse       =[[Maria Christina of Savoy]]<br>[[Maria Theresa of Austria (1816-1867)|Maria Theresa of Austria]]
-| issue          =[[Francis II of the Two Sicilies|Francis II]] <br> [[Prince Louis, Count of Trani]] <br>Prince Albert Maria, Count of Castrogiovanni <br> [[Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta]] <br> [[Princess Maria Annunciata of the Two Sicilies|Princess Maria Annunciata]] <br> [[Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies|Princess Maria Immaculata Clementina]] <br> Prince Gaetan, Count of Girgenti<br>Prince Giuseppe, Count of Lucera <br> [[Princess Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies|Maria Pia della Grazia, Duchess of Parma]] <br> Prince Vincenzo, Count of Melazzo <br> Prince Pasquale, Count of Bari <br> [[Princess Maria Luisa Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies|Princess Maria Luisa Immaculata]]<br> Prince Gennaro, Count of Caltagirone
-| royal house    =[[House of Bourbon|House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]
-| royal anthem   =
-| father         =[[Francis I of the Two Sicilies]]
-| mother         =[[Maria Isabella of Spain]]
-| date of birth  ={{birth date|1810|1|12|df=y}}
-| place of birth =
-| date of death  ={{death date and age|1859|5|22|1810|1|12|df=y}}
-| place of death =
-| buried         =
-|}}
+==Notable alumni==
-'''Ferdinand II''' (''Ferdinando Carlo'', [[January 12]],[[1810]] &ndash; [[May 22]],[[1859]]) was the [[Two Sicilies|King of the Two Sicilies]] from 1830 until his death.
+*[[Sam Huntington]], [[United States|American]] [[actor]]
+*[[Brian Viglione]], one half of the band [[The Dresden Dolls]]
+*[[Adam Warren]], comic book artist and writer, known for his version of [[The Dirty Pair]]
-==Family==
+==External links==
+*[http://www.conval.edu/Schools/CVHS/cvhp.htm Official website]
+[[Category:High schools in New Hampshire]]
-Ferdinand was born in [[Palermo]], the son of King [[Francis I of the Two Sicilies]] and his wife and first cousin [[Maria Isabella of Spain]].
+{{NewHampshire-school-stub}}
-His paternal grandparents were King [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]] and Queen [[Marie Caroline of Austria]]. His maternal grandparents were [[Charles IV of Spain]] and [[Maria Luisa of Parma]].
-Ferdinand I and Charles IV were brothers, both sons of [[Charles III of Spain]] and [[Maria Amalia of Saxony]].
-==Early reign==
-In his early years he was fairly popular. Progressives credited with [[Liberalism|Liberal]] ideas and in addition, his free and easy manners endeared him to the so-called ''[[lazzaroni]]'', the lower classes of Neapolitan society.
-On succeeding to the throne in 1830, he published an edict in which he promised to give his most anxious attention to the impartial administration of justice, to reform the finances, and to use every effort to heal the wounds which had afflicted the Kingdom for so many years.  His goal, he said, was to govern his Kingdom in a way that would bring the greatest happiness to the greatest number of his subjects while respecting the rights of his fellow monarchs and those of the [[Roman Catholic Church]].
-The early years of his reign were comparatively peaceful: he cut taxes and expenditures, had [[Napoli-Portici|the first railway in Italy]] built (between [[Naples]] and the royal palace at [[Portici]]), his fleet had the first [[steamboat|steamship]] in the [[Italian Peninsula]], and he had [[Telegraphy|telegraphic connections]] established between Naples and [[Palermo]] (Sicily).
-However, in 1837 he violently suppressed Sicilian demonstrators demanding a constitution and  maintained strict police sureveillance in his domains. Progressive intellectuals, who were motivated by visions of a new society founded upon a modern constitution, continued to demand for the King to grant a constitution and to liberalize his rule.
-== Revolutions of 1848 ==
-In September 1847, violent riots inspired by Liberals broke out in [[Reggio Calabria]] and in [[Messina]] and were put down by the military.  On [[January 12]], [[1848]] a [[Sicilian revolution of independence of 1848|rising in Palermo, Sicily]], spread throughout the island  and served as a spark for the [[Revolutions of 1848]] all over [[Europe]].
-After similar revolutionary outbursts in [[Salerno]], south of [[Naples]], and in the Cilento region which were backed by the majority of the intelligentsia of the Kingdom, on [[January 29]], [[1848]] King Ferdinand was forced to grant a constitution patterned on the [[Charter of 1830]].
-A dispute, however, arose as to the nature of the oath which should be taken by the members of the chamber of deputies.  As an agreement could not be reached and the King refused to compromise, riots continued in the streets.  Eventually, the King ordered the army to break them and dissolved the national parliament on [[March 13]], [[1849]]. Although the constitution was never formally abrogated, the King returned to reigning as an absolute monarch.
-During this period, Ferdinand showed his attachment to [[Pope Pius IX]] by granting him asylum at [[Gaeta]].  The pope had been temporarily forced to flee from Rome following similar revolutionary disturbances. (see [[Roman Republic (19th century)]], [[Giuseppe Mazzini]].
-Meantime Sicily proclaimed its independence under the leadership of [[Ruggeru Sèttimu]], who on [[April 13]], [[1848]] declared the King deposed.  In response, the King assembled an army of 20,000 under the command of General [[Carlo Filangieri]] and dispatched it to Sicily to subdue the [[Liberals]] and restore his authority. A naval flotilla sent to Sicilian waters shelled the city of [[Messina]] with "savage barbarity" for eight hours after its defenders had already surrendered, killing many civilians and earning the King the nickname "Re` Bomba" ("King Bomb").
-After a campaign lasting close to nine months, Sicily's Liberal regime was completely subdued on [[May 15]],[[1849]].
-== Later reign ==
-Between 1848 and 1851, the policies of King Ferdinand caused many to go into exile.  Meanwhile, an estimated 2,000 suspected revolutionaries or dissidents were jailed.
-After visiting Naples in 1850, Gladstone began to support Neapolitan opponents of the Bourbon rulers: his "support" consisting of a couple of letters that he sent from Naples to the Parliament of London, describing the "awful conditions" of the Kingdom of Southern Italy and claiming that "it is the negation of God erected to a system of government". Gladstone had not actually been to Southern Italy and therefore some of his accusations were unreliable, however reports of misgovernment in the Two Sicilies were widespread throughout Europe during the 1850s. Gladstone's letters provoked sensitive reactions in the whole Europe, and helped to cause the diplomatic isolation of the Kingdom prior to the invasion and annexion of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies by the Kingdom of Piedmont, with the following foundation of modern Italy.
-The British Government, which had been the ally and protector of the Bourbon dynasty during the [[Napoleonic Wars]], had already additional interests to limit the independence of the Kingdom governed by Ferdinand II.  The British Government possessed extensive business interests in Sicily and relied on Sicilian [[sulfur]] for certain industries.  The King had endeavored to limit British influence, which had been beginning to cause tension.  As Ferdinand ignored the advice of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] and the [[Second French Empire|French]] governments, those powers recalled their ambassadors in 1856.
-A soldier attempted to assassinate Ferdinand in 1856 and many believe that the infection he received from the soldier's bayonet led to his ultimate demise.  He died on [[May 22]], [[1859]], shortly after the [[Second French Empire]] and the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] had declared war against the [[Austrian Empire]].  This would later lead to the invasion of his Kingdom by [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] and [[Italian unification]] in 1861.
-==Ancestors==
-{| class="wikitable"
-|+'''Ferdinand's ancestors in three generations'''
-|-
-|-
-| rowspan="8" align="center"| '''Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies'''
-| rowspan="4" align="center"| '''Father:'''<br />[[Francis I of the Two Sicilies]]
-| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Paternal Grandfather:'''<br />[[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]]
-| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Charles III of Spain]]
-|-
-| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Maria Amalia of Saxony]]
-|-
-| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Paternal Grandmother:'''<br />[[Marie Caroline of Austria]]
-| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
-|-
-| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Maria Theresa of Austria]]
-|-
-| rowspan="4" align="center"| '''Mother:'''<br />[[Maria Isabella of Spain]]
-| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Maternal Grandfather:'''<br />[[Charles IV of Spain]]
-| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Charles III of Spain]]
-|-
-| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Maria Amalia of Saxony]]
-|-
-| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Maternal Grandmother:'''<br />[[Maria Luisa of Parma]]
-| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Philip, Duke of Parma]]
-|-
-| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Princess Louise-Élisabeth of France]]
-|}
-== Marriages and children ==
-{| border="1" align="center" class="wikitable"
-|- bgcolor=cccccc
-!<!--width="50%"|-->Name
-!width="12%"|Birth
-!width="12%"|Death
-!<!--width="27%"|-->Notes
-|-
-|colspan=4|'''''By&nbsp;[[Maria Christina of Savoy|Princess Maria Christina of Sardinia]]''''' (married&nbsp;[[November 21]]&nbsp;1832 in [[Cagliari]]; b. &nbsp;[[November 12]]&nbsp;1812, d.&nbsp;[[January 21]]&nbsp;1836)
-|-
-|[[Francis II of the Two Sicilies|Francesco II of the Two Sicilies]]||&nbsp;[[January 16]]&nbsp;1836 ||&nbsp;[[December 27]]&nbsp;1894 || succeeded as King of the Two Sicilies<br>married&nbsp;[[Maria Sophie of Bavaria|Duchess Marie Sophie in Bavaria]]; had issue.
-|-
-|colspan=4|'''''By&nbsp;[[Maria Theresa of Austria (1816-1867)|Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria]]''''' (married&nbsp;[[January 9]]&nbsp;1837 in [[Vienna]]; b.&nbsp;[[July 31]]&nbsp;1816, d.&nbsp;[[August 8]]&nbsp;1867)
-|-
-| [[Lodovico, Count of Trani]]||&nbsp;[[August 1]]&nbsp;1838 ||&nbsp;[[June 8]]&nbsp;1886 || married [[Duchess Mathilde Ludovika in Bavaria]]; their only daughter, [[Princess Maria Teresa of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]], married [[Prince Wilhelm of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]].
-|-
-|  Alberto, Count of Castrogiovanni  ||&nbsp;[[September 17]]&nbsp;1839 ||&nbsp;[[July 12]]&nbsp;1844 || died in childhood.
-|-
-| [[Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta|Alfonso, Count of Caserta]]  ||&nbsp;[[March 28]]&nbsp;1841 ||&nbsp;[[May 26]]&nbsp;1934 ||  married his first cousin [[Princess Antonietta of the Two Sicilies]] and has issue. The current lines of Bourbon-Sicily descend from him.
-|-
-| [[Maria Annunciata of the Two Sicilies|Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]  ||&nbsp;[[March 24]]&nbsp;1843 ||&nbsp;[[May 4]]&nbsp;1871 || married [[Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria]]; had issue.
-|-
-| [[Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies|Maria Immacolata Clementina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]  ||&nbsp;[[April 14]]&nbsp;1844 ||&nbsp;[[February 18]]&nbsp;1899 || married Archduke Karl Salvator of Tuscany; had issue.
-|-
-| [[Prince Gaetano of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]  ||  [[January 12]] [[1846]] || [[November 26]] [[1871]] ||  married [[Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1851-1931)|Infanta Isabella of Spain]] (eldest daughter of Queen [[Isabella II of Spain]]) and  was created Infante of Spain; no issue
-|-
-| Giuseppe, Count of Lucera  || [[March 4]] [[1848]] || [[September 28]] [[1851]] ||  died in childhood.
-|-
-| [[Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]  || [[August 21]] [[1849]] || [[September 29]] [[1882]] || married [[Robert I of Parma|Roberto I, Duke of Parma and Piacenza]]; had issue.
-|-
-| Vincenzo, Count of Melazzo ||&nbsp;[[April 26]]&nbsp;1851 ||&nbsp;[[October 13]]&nbsp;1854 || died in childhood.
-|-
-| Pasquale, Count of Bari ||&nbsp;[[September 15]]&nbsp;1852 ||&nbsp;[[December 21]]&nbsp;1904 || married morganatically to Blanche Marconnay; no issue.
-|-
-| [[Princess Maria Luisa Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies|Maria Luisa Immacolata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]] ||&nbsp;[[January 21]]&nbsp;1855 ||&nbsp;[[February 23]]&nbsp;1874 || married [[Prince Henry, Count of Bardi|Prince Henry of Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi]]; no issue.
-|-
-| Gennaro, Count of Caltagirone ||&nbsp;[[February 28]]&nbsp;1857 ||&nbsp;[[August 13]]&nbsp;1867 || died in childhood.
-|-
-|}
-== References ==
-http://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/2sicilies.html
-==Notes==
-{{Reflist}}
-== See also ==
-{{commonscat|Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies}}
-* [[Napoli-Portici]]
-----
-*{{1911}}
-{{start box}}
-{{s-hou|[[House of Bourbon|House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]|12 January|1810|22 May|1859|[[House of Bourbon]]}}
-{{s-reg|}}
-{{succession box |
-  before= [[Francis I of the Two Sicilies|Francis I]] |
-  title= [[List of monarchs of the Two Sicilies|King of the Two Sicilies]]|
-  years= 1830&ndash;1859 |
-  after= [[Francis II of the Two Sicilies|Francis II]]
-}}
-{{end box}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Ferdinand 2 Two Sicilies}}
-[[Category:1810 births]]
-[[Category:1859 deaths]]
-[[Category:People from Palermo (city)]]
-[[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]]
-[[Category:House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]
-[[Category:Kings of Sicily]]
-[[Category:Knights of the Order of Saint Januarius]]
-[[Category:Monarchs of Naples]]
-[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece]]
-[[Category:People of the Revolutions of 1848]]
-[[Category:Pope Pius IX]]
-[[ar:فرديناندو الثاني ملك الصقليتين]]
-[[ca:Ferran II de les Dues Sicílies]]
-[[de:Ferdinand II. (Sizilien)]]
-[[el:Φερδινάνδος Β' των δύο Σικελιών]]
-[[es:Fernando II de las Dos Sicilias]]
-[[fr:Ferdinand II des Deux-Siciles]]
-[[it:Ferdinando II delle Due Sicilie]]
-[[la:Ferdinandus II Utriusque Siciliae]]
-[[nl:Ferdinand II der Beide Siciliën]]
-[[ja:フェルディナンド2世 (両シチリア王)]]
-[[no:Ferdinand II av De begge Sicilier]]
-[[pl:Ferdynand II Burbon]]
-[[pt:Fernando II das Duas Sicílias]]
-[[ru:Фердинанд II (король Обеих Сицилий)]]