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{{future railway station}}
{{about|the city}}
{{Cityrail Station alt
{{Infobox Settlement
|station_name=<big>Top Ryde</big>
|name = Seattle
|image=
|official_name = City of Seattle
|servicearea=North West Metro<br>''(Under planning)''
|image_skyline = Spanoramic.jpg
|servicearea_color=#{{CityRailSydney/North West Line colour}}
|settlement_type = City
|servicearea_textcolor=white
|nickname = The Emerald City, Seatown, Rain City, Jet City, Gateway to Alaska
|code=?
|imagesize =
|suburb=Ryde
|image_caption =
|street=Blaxland Street<br>Devlin Street
|image_flag = Flag of Seattle.svg
|distance=?
|image_seal = Seattle seal.png
|altitude=?
|image_map = King_County_Washington_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Seattle_Highlighted.svg
|traintype=Rapid transit all stops
|mapsize = 250x200px
|platforms=2
|map_caption = Location of Seattle in<br/>[[King County, Washington|King County]] and [[Washington]]
|tracks=2
|image_map1 =
|platform_arr=1 island
|mapsize1 =
|stationtype=Underground
|map_caption1 =
|gates=Yes
|subdivision_type = Country
|connect=Bus
|subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of the United States|State]]
|disabled=Yes
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Washington|County]]
|facilities=N/A
|subdivision_name = United States
|staffed=Yes|sp=No
|subdivision_name1 = [[Washington]]
|metro=Yes|}}
|subdivision_name2 = [[King County, Washington|King]]
'''Top Ryde''' railway station is a proposed station for the [[North West Metro]] to be located in the suburb of [[Ryde, New South Wales|Ryde]], [[Sydney]] with direct connections to the bottom level of [[Top Ryde City]]. The station will be underground and is currently under planning. When the line is opened in [[2017]], the station will be served with trains every 3 minutes for most of the day. Top Ryde station will have an [[island platform]].
|established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date = December 2, 1869
|government_type = Mayor–[[Seattle City Council|council]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[Greg Nickels]] (D)
|area_magnitude = 1 E9
|area_total_km2 = 369.2
|area_total_sq_mi = 142.5
|area_land_sq_mi = 83.87
|area_water_sq_mi = 58.67
|area_land_km2 = 217.2
|area_metro_km2 = 21,202
|area_metro_sq_mi = 8,186
|area_water_km2 = 152.0
|population_as_of = July 1, 2007
|population_footnotes =
<ref name=populationtotal>{{cite web
|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2008044105_cities10m.html
|publisher=Seattle Times
|title=Population Estimates f
|date=[[2008-07-10]]
|accessdate=2008-07-10}}
</ref><ref name=populationmetro>{{cite web
| url=http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/cb07-51tbl2.pdf
| format=PDF
| title=Population Estimates for the 100 Most Populous Metropolitan Statistical Areas
| publisher=United States Census Bureau
| date=[[2007-04-05]]
| accessdate=2007-09-27}}
</ref>
|population_total = 594,210
|population_urban = 2,712,205
|population_metro = 4,038,741
|population_density_km2 = 2736
|population_density_sq_mi = 7085
|population_note = [[Demonym]]: ''Seattleite''
|timezone = [[Pacific Standard Time Zone|PST]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = {{Collapsible list
|title = Zip codes
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|list_style = text-align:center;display:none
|98101, 98102 98103, 98104, 98105, 98106, 98107, 98108, 98109, 98110<ref>[http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/zcl_3_results.jsp?zip5=98110 USPS - ZIP Code Lookup - Find a City By ZIP Code Results<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, 98111, 98112, 98113, 98114, 98115, 98116, 98117, 98118, 98119, 98121, 98122, 98124, 98125, 98126, 98127, 98129, 98131, 98132, 98133, 98134, 98136, 98138, 98139, 98141, 98144, 98145, 98146, 98148, 98151, 98154, 98155, 98158, 98160, 98161, 98164, 98165, 98166, 98168, 98170, 98171, 98174, 98175, 98177, 98178, 98181, 98184, 98185, 98188, 98190, 98191, 98194, 98195, 98198, 98199 }}
|area_code = [[Area code 206|206]]
|latd = 47 |latm = 36 |lats = 35 |latNS = N
|longd = 122 |longm = 19 |longs = 59 |longEW = W
|elevation_m = 0&ndash;158
|elevation_ft = 0&ndash;520
|website = [http://www.seattle.gov/ www.seattle.gov]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 53-63000{{GR|2}}
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1512650{{GR|3}}
|footnotes =
}}
'''Seattle''' ({{pron-en|siˈætəl}}) is a coastal port city. It is the largest city in the United States Pacific Northwest, the largest Metro in the entire Pacific Northwest Region, and the 13th largest in the country. It is located in the [[U.S. state|state]] of [[Washington]] between an arm of the [[Pacific Ocean]] called [[Puget Sound]] and [[Lake Washington]], in [[King County, Washington|King County]]&mdash;of which it is the [[county seat]]&mdash;about {{unit mile|96|0}} south of the [[Canada – United States border]].


The station will be built with a connecting bus interchange on Blaxland Road and taxi stands on Devlin Street. The construction of kiss and ride stands will be subject to further assessments and approval.
The Seattle area has been inhabited for at least 4,000&nbsp;years,<ref name=Discovery_Park>{{cite news | url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/lifestyle/334284_fam05.html | title=Feel the beat of history in the park and concert hall at two family-friendly events | publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | date=[[2007-10-04]] | author=Doree Armstrong | accessdate=2007-11-01}}</ref> but European settlement began only in the mid-19th century. The first permanent white settlers—[[Arthur A. Denny]] and those subsequently known as the [[Denny Party]]—arrived November 13, 1851. Early settlements in the area were called "New York-Alki" ("Alki" meaning "by and by" in the local [[Chinook Jargon]]) and "Duwamps." In 1853, [[David Swinson Maynard|Doc Maynard]] suggested that the main settlement be renamed "Seattle," an anglicized rendition of the name of [[Sealth]], the chief of the two local tribes.


==Accessibility==
According to the Washington State Office of Financial Management's April 1, 2008 estimate, the city has a municipal population of 592,800,<ref>{{cite web | date = 2006-06-29 | url = http://www.ofm.wa.gov/pop/april1/default.asp | title = Official April 1, 2008 Population Estimates | publisher = Office of Financial Management | accessdate = 2007-07-14 }}</ref> and a metropolitan area population of 3,424,441.<ref>http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa122099c.htm</ref>
The station will have [[Easy Access]] for wheelchairs.


==Neighbouring stations==
From 1869 until 1982, Seattle was known as the "Queen City."<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=181 | title= Seattle receives epithet Queen City in 1869 | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Greg Lange |date=[[1998-11-04]] | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> Seattle's current official nickname is the "Emerald City", the result of a contest held in the early 1980s;<ref name="emeraldcitynickname">{{cite web | url=http://www.seattlest.com/archives/2005/10/27/were_not_in_washington_anymore.php | title=We're not in Washington Anymore | publisher=Seattlest | date=[[2005-10-27]] | accessdate=2007-09-27}}</ref> the reference is to the lush evergreen trees in the surrounding area. Seattle is also referred to informally as the "Gateway to Alaska," "Rain City,"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Rain+City+Seattle|title=Google search for Rain City Seattle|publisher=Google|accessdate=2008-05-29}}</ref> and "Jet City", the latter from the local influence of [[Boeing]]. Seattle residents are known as ''[[List of people from Seattle|Seattleites]]''.
{{s-rail-start|noclear=yes}}
{{s-rail|title=Sydney Metro}}
{{s-line|system=Sydney Metro|line=North West Metro|previous=Denistone East|next=Gladesville|notemid=''(under planning)''}}
{{end}}


{{CityRailSydney/Navigation begin}}
Seattle is the birthplace of [[grunge music]]<ref name=Seattle_Sound>{{cite book | last=Heylin | first=Clinton | title=Babylon's Burning: From Punk to Grunge | publisher=Conongate | year=2007 | isbn=1-84195-879-4 | pages=606}}</ref> and has a reputation for heavy coffee consumption;<ref name=nyt-coffee>{{cite news| url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEEDD1230F93AA1575AC0A9649C8B63 | title= The List; Seattle: An Insider's Address Book| author= Catharine Reynolds |date=[[2002-09-29]] | publisher= New York Times |quote= …Seattle's coffee culture has become America's… |accessdate=2001-10-21}}</ref> coffee companies founded or based in Seattle include [[Starbucks]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.starbucks.com/aboutus/Company_Profile.pdf| title= Starbucks Company Profile |format=PDF |publisher=Starbucks|accessdate=2007-10-21}}</ref> [[Seattle's Best Coffee]],<ref>(1) {{cite book| title=Pike Place Market Cookbook | author=Braiden Rex-Johnson | coauthors=Tom Douglas (contributor) | pages=195 |publisher=Sasquatch Books |year=2003 |isbn=1570613192}}
{{CityRailSydney/Navigation|name=North West}}
<br />(2) {{cite web|url=http://www.seattlesbest.com/About/release.aspx?ID=1| title=Starbucks Corporation Completes Acquisition of Seattle Coffee Company| publisher=Starbucks | date=[[2003-07-14]] | accessdate=2007-10-21}}</ref> and [[Tully's Coffee|Tully's]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/327672_tullyipo16.html | title= Markets prompt Tully's to delay IPO | author=Craig Harris |date=[[2007-08-15]] | publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | accessdate=2007-10-21}}</ref> There are also many successful independent artisanal espresso roasters and cafes.<ref name=nyt-coffee /> Researchers at [[Central Connecticut State University]] ranked Seattle the most literate city of America's sixty-nine largest cities in 2005 and 2006 and second most literate in 2007, after [[Minneapolis]].<ref name="Most Literate Cities">{{cite web | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2004095919_literacy28m.html | title=Minneapolis ousts Seattle as most literate city | publisher=The Seattle Times | author=Sandi Doughton | date=[[2007-12-28]] | accessdate=2007-12-28}}</ref> Moreover, analysis conducted by the United States Census Bureau of 2003 survey data indicated that Seattle was the most educated large city in the U.S. with 51.6&nbsp;percent of residents 25 and older having at least bachelor degrees.<ref name="Most Educated City in US">{{cite web | url=http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/Ranking/2003/R02T160.htm | title=ACS: Ranking Table -- Percent of People 25 Years and Over Who Have Completed a Bachelor's Degree | publisher=United States Census Bureau | accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> Based on [[per capita income]], in 2006 the Seattle metropolitan area ranked 17th out of 363&nbsp;metropolitan areas in a study by the Census Bureau.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2003826358_bizbriefs08.html | title=Personal income per capita grows | publisher=The Seattle Times | date=[[2007-08-08]] | accessdate=2007-10-06}}</ref>
{{CityRailSydney/Navigation end}}


{{Australia-rail-stub}}
==History==
{{main|History of Seattle}}


{{coord missing|Australia}}
===Founding===
What is now Seattle has been inhabited since the end of the last [[Ice age#Glacial stages in North America|ice age]]. Archaeological excavations at [[West Point (Seattle)|West Point]] in [[Discovery Park (Seattle)|Discovery Park]], [[Magnolia, Seattle, Washington|Magnolia]], confirm that the Seattle area has been inhabited by humans for at least 4,000&nbsp;years.<ref name=Discovery_Park/> ''tohl-AHL-too'' ("herring house") and later ''hah-AH-poos'' ("where there are horse clams") at the mouth of the [[Duwamish River]] in what is now the [[Industrial District, Seattle, Washington|Industrial District]] has been inhabited since the 6th century BC.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cityofseattle.net/neighborhoods/npi/plans/delridge/Section2.pdf | format=PDF|title=Delridge Neighborhood Plan | page=2 | publisher=City of Seattle | date=[[1999-03-01]] | accessdate=2007-11-01}}</ref> By the time the first European settlers arrived in the area, the ''D<u>kh</u><sup>w</sup>'Duw'Absh'' and ''Xachua'Bsh'' people (now called the [[Duwamish (tribe)|Duwamish Tribe]]) occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around [[Elliott Bay]].<ref>(1) {{cite web | author=Greg Lange | date=[[2000-10-15]] | publisher=HistoryLink | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=1660 | title=Seattle and King County's First White Settlers | accessdate=2007-10-14}}<br/>(2)
{{cite web
| date =c. [[2003-07-04]] per [http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/exhibit/exhibitDetail.asp?WHEN=PAST&eventID=2926 "Native Art of the Northwest Coast: Collection Insight"]
| url =http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/Learn/Teach/SongStorySpeech/Content/SalishArtCulture.htm
| title ="The people and their land"
| work =Puget Sound Native Art and Culture
| publisher =Seattle Art Museum
| accessdate =2006-04-21
}} <br/>(3) {{cite web
| last =Crowley
| first =Walt
| date=[[2003-03-13]]
| url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5402
| title ="Native American tribes sign Point Elliott Treaty at Mukilteo on January 22, 1855."
| publisher = HistoryLink.org Essay 5402
| accessdate =2007-10-14}}
</ref>
<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Seattle-skyline-picture.jpg|left|thumb|The Seattle skyline viewed from Kerry Park, with Mount Rainier in the background]] -->


[[Category:Railway stations in Sydney]]
The first Europeans to attempt settlement in the area were the Collins Party, who filed legal claim to land at the mouth of the Duwamish River on September 14, 1851.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5390 | title=Luther Collins Party, first King County settlers, arrive at mouth of Duwamish River on September 14, 1851. | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Greg Lange | date=[[2003-03-08]] | accessdate=2007-10-14}}</ref> Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party were on the way to their claim when they passed the scouts of the group of settlers that would eventually found Seattle, the [[Denny Party]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2765 | title=Collins party encounters Denny party scouts at Duwamish Head near future site of Seattle on September 27, 1851. | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Greg Lange | date=[[2000-12-16]] | accessdate=2007-10-14}}</ref> The scouts for the Denny Party, Lee Terry, David Denny, and John Low, would lay claim to land on [[Alki, Seattle, Washington|Alki Point]] on September 28, 1851, with Lee Terry returning to [[Portland, Oregon]] carrying a message from David Denny telling his brother, [[Arthur Denny]], to "Come at once."<ref name=founding>{{cite web
| last =Crowley
| first =Walt
| authorlink = Walt Crowley
| date=[[1998-08-31]]
| url =http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=303
| title ="Seattle – a Snapshot History of Its Founding"
| publisher =HistoryLink
| accessdate =2007-10-14
}}</ref> Following the instructions of David Denny, the rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland and landed on Alki during a rainstorm on November 13, 1851. The landing party's first sight of their new [[homesteading|homestead]] was the roofless cabin that David had been unable to complete because of a fever.<ref name=founding/>

After spending a winter of frequent rainstorms and high winds on Alki Point, most of the Denny Party moved across Elliott Bay and settled on land where present day [[Pioneer Square, Seattle, Washington|Pioneer Square]] is located and established the village of "Dewamps" or "Duwamps."<ref name=founding/> The only members of the party that did not migrate to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay were Charles Terry and John Low, who remained at the original landing location and established a village they initially called "New York," after Terry's hometown, until April 1853 when they renamed it "Alki," a [[Chinook Jargon|Chinook]] word meaning, roughly, ''by and by'' or ''someday''.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/43836_terry23.shtml | title=Seattle at 150: Charles Terry's unlimited energy influenced a city | publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | author=James R. Warren | date=[[2001-10-23]] | accessdate=2007-10-14}}</ref> The villages of New York-Alki and Duwamps would compete for dominance in the area for the next few years, but in time Alki was abandoned and its residents moved across the bay to join the rest of the settlers.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3142 | title=Charles Terry homesteads site of Alki business district on May 1, 1852. | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Greg Lange | date=[[2001-03-28]] | accessdate=2007-10-14}}</ref>

David Swinson ("Doc") Maynard, one of the village's founders, was the primary advocate for renaming the village to "Seattle" after [[Chief Sealth]] (''si'áb Si'ahl'') of the Duwamish and [[Suquamish]] tribes.<ref name=nameorigin>(1)
{{cite web
| editor=Thomas R. Speer, editor
| date =[[2004-07-22]]
| url =http://www.duwamishtribe.org/Life_siahl.doc
| title ="Chief Si'ahl"
| format=DOC
| work =[http://www.duwamishtribe.org/html/chief_si_ahl.html "Chief Si'ahl"]
| publisher =Duwamish Tribe
| accessdate =2007-10-14
}} <br/>Includes bibliography. <br/>(2)
{{cite web
| author=Kenneth G. Watson
| date =[[2003-01-18]]
| url =http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5071
| title ="Seattle, Chief Noah"
| publisher =HistoryLink
| accessdate =2007-10-14
}} (3) Morgan (1951, 1982), p.20</ref> Doc Maynard's advocacy bore fruit, because when the first [[plat]]s for village were filed on May 23, 1853, it was for the Town of Seattle. In 1855, nominal legal land settlement were established and the city was incorporated in 1865 and again in 1869, after having existed as an unincorporated town from 1867 to 1869.<ref name=founding/><ref>{{cite web
| author=Greg Lange
| coauthors =Cassandra Tate
| date =[[1998-11-04]]
| url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=168
| title =Legislature incorporates the Town of Seattle for the first time on January 14, 1865.
| publisher =HistoryLink
| accessdate =2007-10-14}}</ref>
[[Image:Alaska Yukon Pacific Exposition - Rainier Vista.jpg| thumb | The Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition had just over 3.7&nbsp;million visitors during its 138-day run<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=696 | title=Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition's final day is on October 16, 1909. | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Greg Lange | date=[[1999-01-14]] | accessdate=2007-11-06}}</ref>]]

=== Major events ===

Major events in Seattle's history include:
* The [[Great Seattle Fire]] of 1889, which destroyed the central business district (but took no lives)<ref name=fire>{{cite web | author= Walt Crowley | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5115 | title=Seattle burns down in the Great Fire on June 6, 1889. | publisher=HistoryLink | date=[[2003-01-25]] | accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref>
* The [[History of Seattle before 1900#Relations between whites and Chinese|anti-Chinese riots of 1885–1886]]<ref>{{cite web | author=George Kinnear | url=http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-Chinese_Riots_At_Seattle | title=Anti-Chinese Riots At Seattle, Wn.. February 8, 1876| publisher=''Seattle Post-Intelligencer'' |date=[[1911-01-01]] | accessdate=2007-10-04}} Kinnear's article originally appeared in the ''Seattle Post-Intelligencer'' and was later privately published in a small volume.</ref>
* The [[Klondike gold rush]], which made Seattle a major transportation center
* The [[Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition]] of 1909, which is largely responsible for the layout of the University of Washington campus<ref name=aypexpo>{{cite web | author=Greg Lange | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5371 | title=Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition opens for a 138-day run on June 1, 1909.| publisher=HistoryLink |date=[[2003-05-05]] | accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref>
* The [[Seattle General Strike of 1919]], the first [[general strike]] in the country<ref name=generalstrike>{{cite web | author=Patrick McRoberts | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=861 | title=Seattle General Strike, 1919, Part I | publisher=HistoryLink | date=[[1999-02-04]] | accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref>
* The 1962 [[Century 21 Exposition]], a [[World's Fair]]<ref name=worldsfair>{{cite web | author=Alan J. Stein | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2290 | title=Century 21 – The 1962 Seattle World's Fair, Part I | publisher=HistoryLink | date=[[2000-04-18]] | accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref>
* The [[Wah Mee Massacre]] of Chinatown 1983
* The 1990 [[Goodwill Games]]<ref name=goodwillgames>{{cite web | author=David Wilma | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5658 | title=Ted Turner's Goodwill Games open in Seattle on July 20, 1990. | publisher=HistoryLink | date=[[2004-02-25]] | accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref>
* The [[APEC]] leaders conference in 1993
* The Grunge movement of the 1990s
* The [[WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 protest activity|Battle in Seattle]]: The [[WTO]] Ministerial Conference of 1999, marked by street protests and a series of riots<ref name=wto>{{cite web | author=David Wilma | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2141 | title=Protests against the World Trade Organization (WTO) continue on December 1, 1999. | publisher=HistoryLink| date=[[2000-03-01]] | accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref>
*The [[Seattle Mardi Gras Riots]] in 2001 followed by an earthquake the next day.<ref>[http://archives.cnn.com/2001/US/03/01/quake.pioneersq/index.html CNN.com - Double dose of woe strikes historic Seattle neighborhood - March 1, 2001<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

=== Economic history ===

Seattle has a history of boom and bust cycles, common to cities near large areas of natural and mineral resources. Seattle has several times risen as a [[company town]] or through economic specialization, then gone into precipitous decline, but it has typically used those periods to successfully rebuild infrastructure.<ref name=shear>{{cite web | author=Emmett Shear | url=http://pantheon.yale.edu/~eds25/DrizzlyCity.rtf | title=Seattle: Booms and Busts | publisher=Yale University | date=Spring 2002 | accessdate=2007-10-01}} Author has granted blanket permission for material from that paper to be reused in Wikipedia. This article is no longer available. Now available at [[wikisource:Seattle: Booms and Busts]].</ref>

[[Image:SCL.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The Seattle Central Library, designed by [[Office for Metropolitan Architecture|OMA]]]]
The first such boom, covering the early years of the city, was fueled by the lumber industry. (During this period the road now known as Yesler Way was nicknamed "Skid Road"<ref name=yesler>{{cite web | author=Junius Rochester | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=286 | title=Yesler, Henry L. |publisher=HistoryLink | date=[[1998-10-07]] | accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref> after the timber skidding down the hill to [[Henry Yesler]]'s sawmill. The term later entered the wider American vocabulary as ''[[Skid Row]]''.) This boom was followed by the construction of an [[Olmsted Brothers|Olmsted]]-designed park system.<ref name=shear/>

The second and most dramatic boom was the direct result of the [[Klondike Gold Rush]] of 1896, which ended (for Seattle) the national depression that had begun with the [[Panic of 1893]]. On July 14, 1897, the ''S.S. Portland'' docked with its famed "ton of gold", and Seattle became the main transport and supply point for those heading north.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=687 | title=Klondike Gold Rush | publisher=HistoryLink.org | date=[[1999-01-14]] | author=Greg Lange | accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref> The boom lasted well into the early part of the 20th century and funded many new Seattle companies and products. Finance company Washington Mutual was founded in 1889, in an attempt to save Seattle's economy after the Great Seattle fire. In 1907, 19-year-old [[James E. Casey]] borrowed $100 from a friend and founded the American Messenger Company (later [[United Parcel Service|UPS]]). Other Seattle companies founded during this period include [[Nordstrom]] and [[Eddie Bauer]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nps.gov/klse/hrs/hrs0.htm | title=Hard Drive to the Klondike: Promoting Seattle During the Gold Rush | publisher=[[National Park Service]] | date=[[2003-02-18]] | accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref>

Next came the shipbuilding boom in the early part of the 20th century, followed by the unused city development plan of [[Virgil Bogue]]. Seattle was the major point of departure during World War II for troops heading to the [[Pacific War|North Pacific]], and Boeing manufactured many of the war's bombers.

The local economy dipped after the war, but rose again with the expansion of Boeing, fueled by the growth of the commercial aviation industry.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.seeseattle.org/media/presskits/PKHistory.asp | title=History of Seattle: The "Jet City" Takes Off | publisher=Seattle's Convention and Visitors Bureau | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061002171554/http://www.seeseattle.org/media/presskits/PKHistory.asp | archivedate=2006-10-02| accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref> When this particular cycle went into a major downturn in the late 1960s and early 1970s, many left the area to look for work elsewhere, and two local real estate agents put up a billboard reading "Will the last person leaving Seattle – Turn out the lights."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=1287 | title=Billboard appears on April 16, 1971, near Sea–Tac, reading: Will the Last Person Leaving Seattle—Turn Out the Lights. | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Greg Lange | date= [[1999-06-08]] | accessdate=2007-10-01}}
The real estate agents were Bob McDonald and Jim Youngren, as cited at Don Duncan, ''Washington: the First One Hundred Years'', 1889–1989 (Seattle: The Seattle Times, 1989), 108, 109–110; ''The Seattle Times'', February 25, 1986, p. A3; Ronald R. Boyce, ''Seattle–Tacoma and the Southern Sound'' (Bozeman, Montana: Northwest Panorama Publishing, 1986), 99; Walt Crowley, ''Rites of Passage: A Memoir of the Sixties in Seattle'' (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1995), 297. </ref>
[[Image:Seattledowntown.jpg|thumb|Westlake Center, a Downtown mall and southern terminus of the Seattle Center Monorail]]
Seattle remained the corporate headquarters of Boeing until 2001, when the company announced a desire to separate its headquarters from its major production facilities. Following a bidding war among a number of major cities, Boeing moved its corporate headquarters to Chicago.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2002876673_boeingimage20.html | title=Chicago's got the headquarters, but Seattle's still Jet City, USA | publisher=The Seattle Times | author=Kristi Heim | date=[[2006-03-21]] | accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref> The Seattle area is still home to Boeing's [[Boeing Renton Factory|Renton narrow-body plant]] (where the [[Boeing 707|707]], 720, [[Boeing 727|727]], and [[Boeing 757|757]] were assembled, and the [[Boeing 737|737]] is assembled today) and [[Boeing Everett Factory|Everett wide-body plant]] (assembly plant for the [[Boeing 747|747]], [[Boeing 767|767]], [[Boeing 777|777]] and the upcoming [[Boeing 787|787 Dreamliner]]), as well as [[BECU]], formerly the Boeing Employees Credit Union.

Next, technology companies, including [[Microsoft]], [[Amazon.com]], [[RealNetworks]], McCaw Cellular (now part of [[AT&T Mobility]]), VoiceStream (now [[T-Mobile|T-Mobile USA]]), and [[biomedical]] corporations such as HeartStream (later purchased by [[Philips]]), Heart Technologies (later purchased by [[Boston Scientific]]), Physio-Control (later purchased by [[Medtronic]]), [[ZymoGenetics]], ICOS (later purchased by [[Eli Lilly & Co.]]) and Immunex (later purchased by [[Amgen]]), found homes in Seattle and its suburbs. This success brought an influx of new citizens with a population increase within city limits of almost 50,000 between the 1990 and 2000 [[United States Census|Census]]<ref name=pophistory>{{cite web | url=http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/stellent/groups/pan/@pan/documents/web_informational/dpds_006755.pdf | format=PDF| title=Decennial Population | publisher=City of Seattle | author=Strategic Planning Office | date=[[2001-04-12]] | accessdate=2007-09-28 }}</ref> and saw Seattle's real estate become some of the most expensive in the country.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/realestate/2002446059_homeprices21.html?syndication=rss&source=realestate.xml&items=7 | title=Seattle area "sticker shock" is a matter of perception | publisher=The Seattle Times | date=[[2005-08-20]] | author=Jane Hodges | accessdate=2007-09-29}}</ref> Many of these companies remain relatively strong, but the frenzied [[dot-com bubble|dot-com boom]] years ended in early 2001.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB116294042194116133-tQxnyU5mE6PaQdO9xT1_uaFusQs_20061208.html | title=The Dot-Com Bubble Is Reconsidered – And Maybe Relived | publisher=Wall Street Journal | author=Lee Gomes | date=[[2006-11-08]] | accessdate=2007-10-04}} Gomes considers the bubble to have ended with the peak of the March 2000 peak of [[NASDAQ]].</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.forbes.com/2005/01/27/cx_de_0127bubblebowl.html | title= The Bubble Bowl | publisher=Forbes | author= David M. Ewalt | date=[[2005-01-27]] | accessdate=2007-10-04}} Ewalt refers to the advertising on [[Super Bowl XXXIV]] (January 2000) as "the dot-com bubble's Waterloo".</ref>

== Geography ==
=== Topography ===
{{see also|List of Seattle parks|Bodies of water of Seattle|Regrading in Seattle}}
[[Image:Seattle 07752.JPG| thumb | left | [[Downtown Seattle]] is bounded by Elliott Bay (lower left), lower Broadway (from upper left to lower right), Royal Brougham Way (lower right), and Denny Way (obscured by clouds).]]
Seattle is located between an inlet of the Pacific Ocean to the west called Puget Sound and Lake Washington to the east. The city's chief harbor, Elliott Bay, is an inlet of the Sound. West beyond the Sound are the Kitsap Peninsula and [[Olympic Mountains]], on the Olympic Peninsula; east beyond Lake Washington and the [[Eastside (King County, Washington)|eastside]] suburbs are [[Lake Sammamish]] and the [[Cascade Range]]. Lake Washington's waters flow out through the Lake Washington Ship canal, a series of two man made canals and Lake Union, to the Hiram C. Chittenden Locks at Salmon Bay, to Shilshole Bay, which is part of Puget Sound. The sea, rivers, forests, lakes, and fields were once rich enough to support one of the world's few sedentary hunter-gatherer societies.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.fourdir.com/chapter_3_native_american_cultures.htm | title= Chapter Three – Native American Cultures | work = [http://www.fourdir.com/first_americans_toc.htm The First Americans] | publisher = Four Directions | accessdate= 2007-10-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers|editor= Richard B. Lee| publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |isbn=052157109X | author= Howard Morphy | chapter = Traditional and modern visual art of hunting and gathering peoples | page= 443}}</ref> Opportunities for sailing, skiing, bicycling, camping, and hiking are nearby and accessible almost year-round.

The city itself is hilly, though not uniformly so.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/steepest.htm | title=Highest Elevations in Seattle and The Twenty Steepest Streets in Seattle | publisher=City of Seattle | author=Department of Transportation | accessdate=2007-10-04}}</ref> Like Rome, the city is said to lie on [[Seven hills of Seattle|seven hills]]; the lists vary, but typically include Capitol Hill, First Hill, West Seattle, Beacon Hill, Queen Anne, Magnolia, and the former Denny Hill. The Wallingford and Mount Baker neighbourhoods are technically located on hills as well. Many of the hilliest areas are near the city center, with Capitol Hill, First Hill, and Beacon Hill collectively constituting something of a ridge along an [[isthmus]] between Elliott Bay and Lake Washington. The break in the ridge between First Hill and Beacon Hill is man-made, the result of two of the many [[Regrading in Seattle|regrading projects]] that reshaped the topography of the city center.<ref>Peterson, Lorin & Davenport, Noah C. (1950), ''Living in Seattle'', Seattle: Seattle Public Schools, p. 44.</ref> The topography of the city center was also changed by the construction of a seawall and the artificial [[Harbor Island (Seattle)|Harbor Island]] (completed 1909) at the mouth of the city's industrial [[Duwamish Waterway]].

The man-made [[Lake Washington Ship Canal]] incorporates four natural bodies of water: [[Lake Union]], Salmon Bay, Portage Bay, and [[Union Bay (Seattle)|Union Bay]], connecting Puget Sound to Lake Washington.

Seattle is in an earthquake zone and has experienced a number of significant quakes, most recently (as of 2007) the [[Richter Scale|magnitude 6.8]] [[Nisqually Earthquake]], February 28, 2001, which did significant architectural damage, especially in the Pioneer Square area (built on [[Land reclamation|reclaimed land]], as are the Industrial District and part of the city center), but caused no fatalities.<ref name=nisqually>{{cite web | author=Walt Crowley | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3039 | title=Earthquake registering 6.8 on Richter Scale jolts Seattle and Puget Sound on February 28, 2001 | publisher=HistoryLink | date=[[2001-03-02]] | accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref>
Other strong quakes occurred on December 14, 1872 (estimated at 7.3 or 7.4&nbsp;magnitude),<ref name=nisqually>{{cite web | author=Greg Lange | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=852 | title=Earthquake hits Washington Territory on December 14, 1872 | publisher=HistoryLink | date=[[1999-02-01]] | accessdate=2007-10-05}}</ref> April 13, 1949 (7.1),<ref name=1949-quake>{{cite web | author=Greg Lange | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2063 | title=Earthquake hits Puget Sound area on April 13, 1949 | publisher=HistoryLink | date=[[2000-01-01]] | accessdate=2007-10-05}}</ref> and April 29, 1965 (6.5).<ref name=1965-quake>{{cite web | author=Greg Lange | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=1986 | title=Earthquake rattles Western Washington on April 29, 1965 | publisher=HistoryLink | date=[[2000-03-02]] | accessdate=2007-10-04}}</ref> The 1949 quake caused eight known deaths, all in Seattle;<ref name=1949-quake /> the 1965 quake caused three deaths in Seattle directly, and one more by heart failure.<ref name=1965-quake /> Although the [[Seattle Fault]] passes just south of the city center, neither it<ref>{{cite web | url = http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/pacnw/activefaults/sfz/sfzhaz.php | title=Seattle Fault Zone – implications for earthquake hazards | publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] | date=[[2007-06-15]] | accessdate=2007-10-04}}</ref> nor the [[Cascadia subduction zone]] has caused an earthquake since the city's founding. The Cascadia subduction zone poses the threat of an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or greater, capable of seriously damaging the city and collapsing many buildings, especially in zones built on fill.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ess.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HAZARDS/CASCADIA/cascadia_zone.html | title=The Cascadia Subduction Zone – What is it? How big are the quakes? How Often? | publisher=University of Washington Department of Earth and Space Sciences | author=Ray Flynn | coauthors=Kyle Fletcher | date=[[2002-07-02]] | accessdate=2007-10-04}}</ref>

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 369.2&nbsp;km² (142.5&nbsp;[[square mile|mi²]]),{{GR|1}} 217.2&nbsp;km² (83.9&nbsp;mi²) of which is land and 152.0&nbsp;km² (58.7&nbsp;mi²) water. The total area is 41.16%&nbsp;water.

=== Climate ===
[[Image:Seattlesunny.jpg|thumb|Seattle averages only 58 clear days a year, with most of those days occurring between June and September<ref name=cloudy>{{cite web | url=http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/cldy.html | title=Cloudiness – Mean Number of Days | author=National Climatic Data Center | publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | accessdate=2007-11-01}}</ref>]]
Seattle's mild climate is usually classified as [[Marine west coast]] (Cfb).<ref>{{cite web | title =World Climates after Köppen-Geiger | url = http://www3.shastacollege.edu/dscollon/images/Maps-Images/world_climate_map.jpg | publisher=Shasta College | accessdate = 2007-09-28 }}</ref> However, its wet-winter/dry-summer pattern shows some characteristics of a [[Mediterranean climate]] (Csb), and it is sometimes classified this way.<ref>{{cite journal | author=M. Kottek | coauthors=J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel | title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated | journal=Meteorol. Z. | volume=15 | pages=259–263 | url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pics/kottek_et_al_2006.gif | doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130 | accessdate= 2007-09-28 | year=2006 }} </ref> Temperature extremes are moderated by adjacent Puget Sound, the greater Pacific Ocean, and Lake Washington. The region is partially protected from Pacific storms by the Olympic Mountains and from Arctic air by the [[Cascade Range]]. Despite being on the margin of the [[rain shadow]] of the Olympic Mountains, the city has a reputation for frequent rain.<ref name=rainshadow>{{cite web | url=http://www.komotv.com/weather/faq/rain_shadow.asp | title=What Is The Olympic Rain Shadow? | publisher=KOMOTV.com | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref> This reputation derives from this frequency of precipitation as well as the fact that it is cloudy an average of 226 days per year (''cf.'' 132 in New York City).<ref name=cloudy/> Nonetheless, the so-called "rainy city" receives a smaller quantity of actual precipitation annually, at {{convert|37.1|in|cm|0}}<ref name=weather.com/>, than New York City, [[Atlanta]], [[Houston]], and most cities of the [[Eastern Seaboard]] of the United States. Seattle was also not listed in a study that revealed the 10 Rainiest Cities in the continental United States.<ref>[http://www.livescience.com/environment/070518_rainy_cities.html Study Reveals Top 10 Wettest U.S. Cities | LiveScience<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Most of the precipitation falls as drizzle or light rain, with only occasional downpours. Spring, late fall, and winter are filled with days when it does not rain but looks as if it might because of cloudy, overcast skies. Winters are cool and wet with average lows around 35–40&nbsp;°F (2–4&nbsp;°C) on winter nights. Colder weather can occur, but seldom lasts more than a few days. Summers are dry and warm, with average daytime highs around 73–80&nbsp;°F (22.2–26.7&nbsp;°C). Hotter weather usually occurs only during a few summer days. Seattle's hottest official recorded temperature was {{convert|100|°F|°C|1}} on July 20, 1994; the coldest recorded temperature was 0&nbsp;°F (-18&nbsp;°C) on January 31, 1950.<ref name=weather.com>{{cite web | url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USWA0395 | title=Monthly Averages for Seattle, WA | publisher=The Weather Channel | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref>
[[Image:Overcast Seattle Waterfront.jpg|thumb|left|Between October and May, it is cloudy or partly cloudy six out of every seven days<ref name=cloudy/>]]
Eighty miles (130&nbsp;km) to the west, the [[Hoh Rain Forest]] in [[Olympic National Park]] on the western flank of the Olympic Mountains receives an annual average rainfall of {{convert|142|in|cm|0}}, and the state capital, Olympia—south of the rain shadow—receives an annual average rainfall of 52&nbsp;inches (132&nbsp;cm). Snowfall is very infrequent, especially at lower altitudes and near the coast, and is usually light and fleeting, lasting only a few days. Average annual snowfall, as measured at Sea–Tac Airport, is 13&nbsp;inches (33&nbsp;cm).<ref name=bestplaces.net>{{cite web | url=http://www.bestplaces.net/climate/details.aspx?cat=Precipitation&wmo=727930 | title=Precipitation Averages for Seattle, WA | publisher=Sperling's Best Places | accessdate=2007-09-28 }}</ref> Seattle's record snowfall was {{convert|20|in|cm}} on January 13, 1950.<ref name=weatherrecord>{{cite news | url=http://www.komotv.com/weather/faq/4310942.html | title=Seattle Weather Records | publisher=KOMOTV.com |accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref> Sunnier and drier "[[Climate of California|California weather]]" typically dominates from mid-July to mid-September. An average of {{convert|0.8|in|cm|1}} of rain falls in July and {{convert|1.0|in|cm|1}} in August. Although the summer climate is considerably drier and less humid than in areas with humid continental climates, a slight dampness can be occasionally felt, usually when temperatures reach above {{convert|80|°F|°C|1}}. This dampness is typically more noticeable during the evening when the temperatures have dropped. Because of this, Seattle experiences occasional summer thunderstorms.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cityofseattle.net/html/visitor/weather.htm |title=Seattle Weather and Climate | work=Seattle 101 – A Guide for Travelers and Tourists | publisher=City of Seattle | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref>

The [[Puget Sound Convergence Zone]] is an important feature of Seattle's weather. In the convergence zone, air arriving from the north meets air flowing in from the south. Both streams of air originate over the Pacific Ocean; airflow is split by the Olympic Mountains to Seattle's west, then reunited by the Cascade Mountains to the east. When the air currents meet, they are forced upward, resulting in convection.<ref name=convergencezone>{{cite news | url=http://www.komotv.com/weather/faq/convergence_zone.asp | title=What is the Puget Sound Convergence Zone? | publisher=KOMOTV.com | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref> Thunderstorms caused by this activity can occur north and south of town, but Seattle itself rarely receives worse weather than occasional thunder and ice-pellet showers. Nonetheless, the [[Hanukkah Eve Wind Storm of 2006|Hanukkah Eve Wind Storm]] in December 2006 brought heavy rain and winds gusting up to {{convert|69|mph|km/h|abbr=on|0}}. One Seattleite drowned in her collapsed and flooded basement; power failures were widespread, with some left without power for up to eleven days.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=8042 | title=Hunukkah eve wind storm ravages Western Washington on December 14 and 15, 2006. | publisher=HistoryLink | author=David Wilma | date=[[2006-12-27]] | accessdate=2007-10-01}}</ref>

An exception to Seattle's dampness often occurs in [[El Niño]] years, when the marine weather systems track as far south as California and little precipitation falls in the Puget Sound area.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003297665_webnino10.html | title=El Niño could cause Northwest drought, mild winter elsewhere, forecasters say | publisher=The Seattle Times | date=[[2006-10-10]] | author=Randolph E. Schmid | accessdate=2007-11-01}}</ref> Since the region's water comes from mountain snowpacks during the drier summer months, El Niño winters can not only produce substandard skiing but can result in water rationing and a shortage of hydroelectric power the following summer.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002162116_snowpack27m.html | title=Lack of snow may take toll | publisher=The Seattle Times | author=Nick Perry | date=[[2005-02-23]] | accessdate=2007-11-01}}</ref>

{{Infobox Weather
| metric_first=
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| source = Weather.com <ref name=weather.com/>
| accessdate = July 2007
}}

===Neighborhoods===
{{main|Seattle neighborhoods}}

[[Image:Downtown Seattle 2.JPG|thumb|Downtown Seattle includes a tightly-packed financial district along with residential areas and a panoramic waterfront.]]

Seattle has grown through a series of annexations of smaller neighboring communities. On May 3, 1891, Magnolia, [[Wallingford, Seattle, Washington|Wallingford]], [[Green Lake, Seattle, Washington|Green Lake]], and the [[University District, Seattle, Washington|University District]] (then known as Brooklyn) were annexed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2214 | publisher=HistoryLink | title=Seattle doubles in size by annexing north-of-downtown communities on May 3, 1891.| author=Greg Lange| date=[[1999-01-01]] | accessdate=2007-10-04}}</ref> The town of South Seattle was annexed on October 20, 1905.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=731|title=Seattle annexes South Seattle on October 20, 1905.|publisher=HistoryLink.org|author=Greg Lange|date=[[1999-01-17]] |accessdate=2007-10-04}}</ref> Between January 7 and September 12, 1907, Seattle nearly doubled its land area by annexing six incorporated towns and areas of unincorporated King County, including Southeast Seattle, [[Ravenna, Seattle, Washington|Ravenna]], [[South Park, Seattle, Washington|South Park]], [[Columbia City, Seattle, Washington|Columbia]], [[Ballard, Seattle, Washington|Ballard]], and [[West Seattle, Seattle, Washington|West Seattle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=1954|title=City of Seattle annexes six towns including Ballard and West Seattle in 1907.| date=[[2000-01-01]] | author=Greg Lange|publisher=HistoryLink | accessdate=2007-10-04}}</ref> Three years later, after having difficulties paying a $10,000&nbsp;bill from the county, the town of [[Georgetown, Seattle, Washington|Georgetown]] merged with Seattle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2978|title=Georgetown (later a Seattle neighborhood) incorporates as a city on January 8, 1904.|publisher=HistoryLink | author=David Wilma | date=[[2001-02-10]] | accessdate=2007-10-04}}</ref> Finally, on January 4, 1954, the area between N. 85th Street and N. 145th Street was annexed,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7514 | title=Seattle annexes the area north of N 85th Street to N 145th Street on January 4, 1954. | publisher=HistoryLink | author=David Wilma | date=[[2005-10-12]] | accessdate=2007-10-04}}</ref> including the neighborhoods of [[Maple Leaf, Seattle, Washington|Maple Leaf]], [[Lake City, Seattle, Washington|Lake City]], and [[Northgate, Seattle, Washington|Northgate]].

Seattle mayor Greg Nickels is among those who have called Seattle "a city of neighborhoods,"<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.seattle.gov/mayor/about/nicnewsJul05.htm | author= Greg Nickels | title= Nickels Newsletter – July 2005 |month=July | year=2005 | accessdate=2007-10-11}}</ref><ref name=there-goes>{{cite news | url= http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=map051&date=20021005 | title= New Seattle map: There goes the neighborhood | author= Jack Broom | publisher= Seattle Times | date=[[2002-10-05]] | accessdate=2007-10-11}}</ref> although the boundaries (and even names) of those neighborhoods are often open to dispute. For example, a Department of Neighborhoods spokeswoman reported that her own neighborhood has gone from "the 'CD' ([[Central District]]) to 'Madrona' to 'Greater Madison Valley' and now 'Madrona Park.'"<ref name=there-goes />

Over a dozen Seattle neighborhoods have Neighborhood Service Centers, originally known in 1972 as "Little City Halls"<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3270| title=Seattle's Little City Halls – A Snapshot History| publisher=HistoryLink | author=Walt Crowley |date=[[2001-05-07]] |accessdate=2007-10-11}}</ref> and even more have their own street fair and/or parade during the summer months.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.seafair.com/events/community/ | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070625125907/http://www.seafair.com/events/community/ | title=Community Events | archivedate=2007-06-25 | accessdate=2007-10-20}}</ref>
The largest of the city's street fairs feature hundreds of craft and food booths and multiple stages with live entertainment, and draw more than 100,000&nbsp;people over the course of a weekend.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=1126| title=University District (Seattle) Street Fair is first held May 23 and 24, 1970 | publisher=HistoryLink.org | author=Walt Crowley |date=[[1999-05-11]] | accessdate=2007-10-11}}</ref> In addition, at least half a dozen neighborhoods have weekly farmers' markets, some with as many as fifty vendors.<ref>For an overview of Seattle's neighborhood farmers markets see: {{cite web | url=http://www.seattlefarmersmarkets.org/markets | publisher= Neighborhood Farmers Market Alliance | title = Markets | accessdate=2007-10-11}} For the scale of one of the larger markets (in the University District, see: {{cite web | url=http://www.seattlefarmersmarkets.org/markets/u_district | publisher= Neighborhood Farmers Market Alliance | title = University District Farmers Market | accessdate=2007-10-11}}</ref>

The residents of [[White Center, Washington|White Center]], an unincorporated neighborhood between Seattle and [[Burien, Washington|Burien]], are in the process of deciding by which of the two cities they will be annexed.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/272069_highline30.html | publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | author=Angela Galloway | title=Neighboring cities jockey to grab North Highline | date=[[2006-05-30]] | accessdate=2007-10-04}}</ref>

== Cityscape ==
{{Panorama simple|image = Image:Space_Needle_panorama_large.jpg |fullwidth = 6121 |fullheight = 608 |caption = Queen Anne Hill (left center), Lake Union (center), the Downtown Seattle skyline (right center), and Elliott Bay (right) are important aspects of Seattle's [[cityscape]] viewed from the Space Needle. |height = 140}}

=== Landmarks ===
{{see also|List of tallest buildings and structures in Seattle}}
[[Image:Pike Place Market At Dusk.png| upright | thumb | left | Pike Place Market, a popular destination for tourists and locals]]
The [[Space Needle]], dating from the Century 21 Exposition (1962), is Seattle's most recognizable landmark, having been featured in the logo of the television show ''[[Frasier]]'' and the backgrounds of the television series ''[[Grey's Anatomy]]'' and ''[[iCarly]]'', and films such as ''[[Sleepless in Seattle]]''. The fairgrounds surrounding the Needle have been converted into [[Seattle Center]], which remains the site of many local civic and cultural events, such as Bumbershoot, [[Northwest Folklife|Folklife]], and the [[Bite of Seattle]]. Seattle Center plays multiple roles in the city, ranging from a public fair grounds to a civic center, though recent economic losses have called its viability and future into question.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/267794_seattlecenter24.asp | title=City looking to breathe new life into Seattle Center | publisher=The Seattle Times | author=Kathy Mulady | coauthors=Debera Carlton Harrell | date=[[2006-04-24]] | accessdate=2007-10-22}}</ref> The [[Seattle Center Monorail]] was also constructed for Century 21 and still runs from Seattle Center to [[Westlake Center]], a Downtown shopping mall, a little over a mile to the southeast.

The [[Smith Tower]] was the tallest building on the West Coast from its completion in 1914 until the Space Needle overtook it in 1962.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5370 | title=Seattle's Smith Tower, tallest building west of Ohio, is dedicated on July 4, 1914. | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Greg Lange | date=[[2003-03-05]] | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref> The late 1980s saw the construction of Seattle's two tallest skyscrapers: the 76&nbsp;story [[Columbia Center]] (completed 1985) is the tallest building in the Pacific Northwest<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2627 | title=Columbia Center, tallest building in Pacific Northwest, opens doors on March 2, 1985. | publisher=HistoryLink | author=David Wilma | date=[[2005-08-25]] | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref> and the fourth tallest building west of the Mississippi River;<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/304900_climb23.html | title=Firefighters take 69 floors for leukemia | publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | author=Casey McNerthney | date=[[2007-02-23]] | accessdate=2007-10-22}}</ref> the [[Washington Mutual Tower]] (completed 1988) is Seattle's second tallest building.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3417 | title=Washington Mutual Tower opens in downtown Seattle in 1988. | publisher=HistoryLink | date=[[2001-06-30]] | accessdate=2007-10-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5zYpZxUrUtAC&pg=RA1-PA95&lpg=RA1-PA95&dq=%22washington+mutual+tower%22+second+tallest&source=web&ots=YyMqNYqkbJ&sig=Re-QMkH4B6KiEZQFwhuhTjDCB2w | title=Planning in the USA: Policies, Issues, and Processes | author=Barry Cullingworth | coauthors=Roger W. Caves | publisher=Routledge | location=New York, NY | year=1997 | page=95 | isbn=0-415-24788-8}} </ref> Other notable Seattle landmarks include [[Pike Place Market]], the [[Fremont Troll]], the [[Experience Music Project]] (at Seattle Center), and the [[Seattle Central Library]].

Starbucks has been at Pike Place Market since the coffee company was founded there in 1971. The first store is still operating a block south of its original location.<ref name=firststarbucks>{{cite web | url=http://www.ci.seattle.wa.us/html/visitor/starbucks.htm | title=Original Starbucks | publisher=City of Seattle | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref> [[Starbucks Center]], the company's current headquarters, is the largest building in Seattle by volume at just over {{convert|2000000|sqft|m2|-3}}. The building, once [[Sears, Roebuck and Company|Sears]]' Northwest catalog distribution center, also contains a Sears and an [[OfficeMax]] store.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nitze-stagen.com/aboutus.html | title=About Nitze-Stagen | publisher=Nitze-Stagen & Co., Inc. | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref>

The [[National Register of Historic Places]] has over 150 Seattle listings.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/iwisapi/explorer.dll?IWS_SCHEMA=NRIS1&IWS_LOGIN=1&IWS_REPORT=100000039 | title=Impromptu query for Seattle, Washington | publisher=National Register Information System | accessdate=2007-11-01}}</ref> The city also [[List of landmarks in Seattle|designates its own landmarks]].<ref>[https://www.cityofseattle.gov/neighborhoods/preservation/designation_process.htm Nomination and Designation Processes], Landmarks and Designation, Department of Neighborhoods, City of Seattle. Accessed online December 28, 2007.</ref>

==Culture==
{{main|Arts in Seattle}}
[[Image:Seattle - The Moore Theater entrance 01.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Moore Theatre (Seattle, Washington)|Moore Theatre]] has been a performing arts venue in Downtown Seattle since its construction in 1907.]]
Seattle has been a regional center for the [[performing arts]] for many years. The century-old [[Seattle Symphony Orchestra]] is among the world's most recorded<ref name=ssorch>{{cite web | url=http://www.seattlesymphony.org/symphony/meet/recordings/ | title=Recordings and Broadcasts | publisher= Seattle Symphony | accessdate=2007-10-19}}</ref> and performs primarily at [[Benaroya Hall]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.seattlesymphony.org/symphony/meet/history/ |publisher=Seattle Symphony Orchestra |title=History |accessdate=2007-10-21}}</ref> The [[Seattle Opera]] and [[Pacific Northwest Ballet]], which perform at [[McCaw Hall]] (opened 2003 on the site of the former Seattle Opera House at Seattle Center), are comparably distinguished,<ref name=pnb>{{cite web | url=http://www.pnb.org/pnbschool/philosophy.html | title=About the School | publisher=Pacific Northwest Ballet | accessdate=2007-10-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.metoperafamily.org/metopera/news/press/detail.aspx?id=274 |title=Met Opera and Seattle Opera to Co-Produce Gluck’s Final Operatic Masterpiece "Iphigénie en Tauride" |date=[[2006-12-18]] | work= Press release | publisher=[[Metropolitan Opera]] |accessdate=2007-10-21}} This press release from New York's Metropolitan Opera describes the Seattle Opera as "one of the leading opera companies in the United States… recognized internationally…"</ref> with the Opera being particularly known for its performances of the works of [[Richard Wagner]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seattleopera.org/discover/wagner/index.aspx| title=Wagner |publisher= Seattle Opera | accessdate=2007-10-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.playbillarts.com/news/article/5090.html | title=Seattle Opera's First International Wagner Competition Announces Winners| author=Matthew Westphal |date=[[2006-08-21]] | work=Playbill Arts | accessdate=2007-10-21}}</ref> and the PNB School (founded in 1974) ranking as one of the top three ballet training institutions in the United States.<ref name=pnb /> The [[Seattle Youth Symphony|Seattle Youth Symphony Orchestras]] (SYSO) is the largest symphonic youth organization in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syso.org/ |title=Home page |publisher=SYSO| accessdate=2007-10-21}}</ref>

The [[5th Avenue Theatre]], built in 1926, stages Broadway-style musical shows<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3750 | title=Fifth (5th) Avenue Theatre | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Eric L. Flom | date=[[2002-04-21]] | accessdate=2007-10-19}}</ref> featuring both local talent and international stars.<ref>Examples of local talent are [[Billy Joe Huels]] (lead singer of the [[Dusty 45s]] starring in ''[[Buddy - The Buddy Holly Story|Buddy: The Buddy Holly Story]]'' and [[Sarah Rudinoff]] in ''[[Wonderful Town]]''. National-level stars include [[Stephen Lynch (musician)|Stephen Lynch]] in ''[[The Wedding Singer (musical)|The Wedding Singer]]'', which went on to Broadway and [[Cathy Rigby]] in ''[[Peter Pan (1954 musical)|Peter Pan]]''
<br />(1) {{cite web |url= http://www.5thavenue.org/press/buddy-announced.aspx |title= Seattle World Premiere of Cry-Baby Delayed. Buddy: The Buddy Holly Story Added to Season |publisher=The 5th Avenue Theatre |date=[[2006-10-11]] |accessdate=2007-02-19 }}
<br />(2) {{cite web | url=http://www.5thavenue.org/press/wt_cast.aspx | title=Wonderful Town: A Madcap Manhattan Romp |publisher=The 5th Avenue Theatre | year=2006 |accessdate=2007-10-25 }}
<br />(3) {{cite news | author=Misha Berson| url= http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/theaterarts/2002797878_wedding11.html | title=Eager-to-please new musical raids the '80s | publisher=Seattle Times | date=[[2006-02-11]]| accessdate=2007-10-25 }}
<br />(4) {{cite web | url=http://www.5thavenue.org/about/showarchives.aspx | title=Show Archives | publisher=The 5th Avenue Theatre | accessdate=2007-10-25 }}
</ref> Seattle has "around 100" theatrical production companies<ref name=Kiley-new-theater>{{cite news| author=Brendan Kiley| title=Old Timers, New Theater | publisher=The Stranger | date=[[2008-01-31]] |page=27 |url=http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/Content?oid=496361}} "around 100 theater companies… Twenty-eight have some sort of [[Actors' Equity]] contract…"</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://seattleperforms.com/content/view/7/17/ | title=Theatre Producers and Presenters | publisher= Seattle Performs | accessdate=2007-10-26}} Lists 145 theatrical production companies in the Seattle metropolitan area, the majority of them in the city. The list is certainly not complete.</ref> and over two dozen live theatre venues, many of them associated with [[fringe theatre]];<ref>(1) {{cite news| title=Theater Calendar | publisher=The Stranger | date=[[2007-10-18]] |page=45}} This lists 23 distinct venues in Seattle hosting live theater (in the narrow sense) that week; it also lists 7 other venues hosting [[burlesque]] or [[cabaret]], and three hosting [[Improvisational theatre|improv]]. In any given week, some theaters are "dark."
<br />(2) {{cite web|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2002557462_fringe16.html | title=A new wave of fringe theater groups hits Seattle |author=Misha Berson | publisher=The Seattle Times | date=[[2005-02-16]] | accessdate=2007-10-26}} This article mentions five fringe theater groups that were new at that time, each with a venue.</ref> Seattle is probably second only to New York for number of [[Actors' Equity Association|equity]] theaters<ref>{{cite book| author=Daniel C. Schechter | title=Pacific Northwest | publisher= Lonely Planet | isbn=1864503777 | year=2002 |page=33}}</ref> (28 Seattle theater companies have some sort of [[Actors' Equity]] contract).<ref name=Kiley-new-theater />
In addition, the 900-seat [[Romanesque Revival]] [[Town Hall (Seattle)|Town Hall]] on First Hill hosts numerous cultural events, especially lectures and recitals.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002193046_townhall01m.html | title=Where culture goes to town | publisher=The Seattle Times | author=Stuart Eskenazi | date=[[2005-03-01]] | accessdate=2007-10-19}}</ref>

Seattle is considered the home of grunge music<ref name=Seattle_Sound/> because it was home to artists such as [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], [[Pearl Jam]], [[Soundgarden]], [[Alice in Chains]], and [[Mudhoney]] all of whom reached vast audiences in the early 1990s.<ref name=Seattle_Music>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2374 | title=Rock Music – Seattle | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Clark Humphrey | date=[[2000-05-04]] | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref> The city is also home to such varied musicians as [[avant-garde]] [[jazz]] musicians [[Bill Frisell]] and [[Wayne Horvitz]], [[rap music|rapper]] [[Sir Mix-a-Lot]], [[smooth jazz]] [[saxophonist]] [[Kenny G]], [[Heart (band)|Heart]], [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] bands [[Queensryche]] and [[Nevermore]], and such [[pop music|poppier]] rock bands as [[Harvey Danger]], [[Goodness (band)|Goodness]], Dave Matthews and the [[Presidents of the United States of America (band)|Presidents of the United States of America]]. Such musicians as [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[Duff McKagan]], [[Nikki Sixx]], and [[Quincy Jones]] spent their formative years in Seattle.<ref name=Seattle_Music/>

[[Image:Jimi Hendrix Statue.jpg|thumb|upright| left | Statue of [[Jimi Hendrix]], a Seattle native]]
Since the grunge era, the area has hosted a diverse and influential alternative music scene. The Seattle record label [[Sub Pop]]—the first to sign Nirvana and Soundgarden—has signed such non-grunge bands as [[Band of Horses]], [[Modest Mouse]], [[Murder City Devils]], [[Sunny Day Real Estate]], [[Death Cab for Cutie]] and [[The Postal Service]].<ref name=Seattle_Music/>

Earlier Seattle-based popular music acts include the collegiate folk group [[The Brothers Four]]; [[The Wailers (rock band)|The Wailers]], a 1960s garage band; [[The Ventures]], an instrumental rock band; the Allies and the Heaters (later "the Heats"), 1980s teen-pop bands; from that same era, the more sophisticated pop of the short-lived Visible Targets and the still-performing [[Young Fresh Fellows]] and [[Posies]]; and the pop-punk of [[The Fastbacks]] and the outright punk of [[The Fartz]] (later [[10 Minute Warning]]), [[The Gits]], and [[Seven Year Bitch]].<ref>Seattle_Music, the best nightclub Seattle ever had was named Pier 70 Chowder House with the best disk jocky named David Prince</ref>

[[Spoken word]] and poetry are staples of Seattle arts, paralleling the explosion of the [[independent music]] scene during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Seattle's performance poetry blossomed with the importation of the [[poetry slam]] from Chicago (its origin) by Paul Granert. This and the proliferation of weekly readings, open mics, and poetry-friendly club venues like the Weathered Wall, the OK Hotel, and the Ditto Tavern (all now defunct), allowed spoken-word/performance poetry to take off. Seattle annually sends a team of slammers to the National Poetry Slam and considers itself home of some of the most talented performance poets in the world: [[Buddy Wakefield]], two-time Individual World Poetry Slam Champ;<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.seattle.gov/arts/news/press_releases.asp?prID=7593&deptID=1 | title=Skip your commute for a "Traffic Jam" with a twist, a Hip Hop & Spoken Word Mashup at City Hall, Aug. 16 | publisher=City of Seattle | author=Lori Patrick | date=[[2007-08-02]] | accessdate= 2007-10-06}}</ref> [[Anis Mojgani]], two-time National Poetry Slam Champ;<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.austinslam.com/nps06/ | title=Indie and Team Semis results | publisher=National Poetry Slam 2006 | date=[[2006-08-12]] | accessdate=2007-10-06}}</ref> and Danny Sherrard, 2007 National Poetry Slam Champ.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.seattlepoetryslam.org/ | title=Home | publisher=Seattle Poetry Slam | accessdate=2007-10-06}}</ref> Seattle also hosted the 2001 national Poetry Slam Tournament. The Seattle Poetry Festival is a biennial poetry festival that (launched first as the Poetry Circus in 1997) has featured local, regional, national, and international names in poetry.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/books/312352_poetry20.html | title=Eleventh Hour's volunteers deserve credit for a strong poetry fest revival | publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | author=John Marshall | date=[[2007-08-19]] | accessdate=2007-10-06}}</ref>

The city also has a large number of movie houses showing both [[Hollywood]] productions and works by [[independent film]]makers. Among these, the [[Seattle Cinerama]] stands out as one of only three movie theaters in the world still capable of showing three-panel [[Cinerama]] films.

=== Religion ===
Washington was named the most "unchurched" state in America, with Seattle named the most "unchurched" city, with the city having the most [[Athiest]]s and [[Agnostic]]s than any other major city in the US.<ref>http://www.usatoday.com/life/2002/2002-03-07-church-free.htm</ref><ref>http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/87669_religion19.shtml</ref> Regardless, [[Mars Hill Church]] is one of the largest churches in America,<ref>http://churchrelevance.com/100-largest-churches-in-america-for-2007/</ref> and there appears to be a relatively large diversity in religion.<ref>http://www.diversitycentral.com/learning_series/resource_03_session_summary.php</ref>

=== Tourism ===
{{see also|Museums and galleries of Seattle}}
[[Image:Seattle Cruise Ship.jpg|thumb|Almost two hundred cruise ship visits brought an estimated 750,000&nbsp;passengers to Seattle in 2007.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.portseattle.org/seaport/cruise/ | title=Cruise Seattle | publisher=Port of Seattle | accessdate=2007-11-06}}</ref>]]

Among Seattle's known annual cultural events and fairs are the 24-day [[Seattle International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news | author=Annie Wagner | url=http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/Content?oid=34784 | title=Everything SIFF |publisher=''The Stranger'' | date=May May 25-31 2006 | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref> [[Northwest Folklife]] over the [[Memorial Day]] weekend, numerous [[Seafair]] events throughout July and August (ranging from a [[Bon Odori]] celebration to [[hydroplane]] races), and the [[Bite of Seattle]]. [[Bumbershoot]] programs music over the [[Labor Day]] weekend, as well as other arts and entertainment. All are typically attended by 100,000&nbsp;people annually, as are [[The Seattle Hempfest|Hempfest]] and two separate [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]] celebrations.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003801605_rain23m.html | title=Rains wash records away | publisher=The Seattle Times | author=Judy Chia Hui Hsu | date=[[2007-07-23]] | accessdate=2007-10-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/328174_hempfest18.html | title=Where there's smoke, there's Hempfest | publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | author=Casey McNerthney | date=[[2007-08-14]] | accessdate=2007-10-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2003866959_webbumbermon.html | title=Strong attendance, but not a record: 8:30 p.m. | author=Misha Berson | work=Report from Bumbershoot: Monday | publisher=The Seattle Times | date=[[2007-09-03]] | accessdate=2007-10-09}}</ref>

Other significant events include numerous [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] [[pow-wow|powwow]]s, a Greek Festival hosted by [[St. Demetrios Greek Orthodox Church]] in [[Montlake, Seattle, Washington|Montlake]], and numerous ethnic festivals (many associated with [[Festál at Seattle Center]]).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.seattlecenter.com/events/festivals/festal/default.asp | title=Create Your Seattle Center Experience | publisher=Seattle Center | accessdate=2007-10-21}}</ref>

There are other annual events, ranging from the Seattle Antiquarian Book Fair & Book Arts Show;<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.seattlebookfair.com/ |title=Home page | publisher=The Seattle Antiquarian Book Fair & Book Arts Show | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> an [[anime]] convention, [[Sakura-Con]];<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.sakuracon.org/index.php?langset=e | title= Sakura-Con English-language site | publisher=Asia Northwest Cultural Education Association | accessdate=2007-10-25}} Relevant information is on "Location" and "History" pages.</ref> [[Penny Arcade Expo]], a gaming convention;<ref>{{cite news| url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/videogames/329002_penny25.html | title= Video games rule at Penny Arcade Expo | author=Regina Hackett |publisher=Seattle Post Intelligencer | date=[[2007-08-24]] | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> and specialized [[film festival]]s, such as the Seattle Gay and Lesbian Film Festival,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://seattlequeerfilm.org/ | title=Home page | publisher=Three Dollar Bill Cinema | accessdate=2007-10-25}}</ref> to a two-day, 9,000-rider [[Seattle to Portland]] bicycle ride<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/323722_bikeride14.html | title=9,000 bicyclists ready to ride in annual event | publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | author=Amy Rolph | date=[[2007-07-13]] | accessdate=2007-10-09}}</ref> and a [[Gay Pride]] parade and festival. In the past, the Gay Pride parade and festival have been centred on Capitol Hill. Since 2006, festivities have been held city-wide, and the parade has followed a route in Downtown to Seattle Center.<ref name="gayprideparade">{{cite news | url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/275075_pride23.html | last=Murakami | first=Kery | publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | date=[[2006-06-23]] | title=Gay pride events multiply | accessdate=2007-10-19}}</ref>

The [[Henry Art Gallery]] opened in 1927, the first public art museum in Washington.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.henryart.org/info.htm | title=About the Henry | publisher=Henry Art Gallery | accessdate=2007-10-09}}</ref> The [[Seattle Art Museum]] (SAM) opened in 1933; SAM opened a museum downtown in 1991 (expanded and reopened 2007); since 1991, the 1933 building has been SAM's [[Seattle Asian Art Museum]] (SAAM).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2082 | title=Seattle Art Museum opens in Volunteer Park on June 23, 1933. | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Dave Wilma | accessdate=2007-10-09}}</ref> SAM also operates the [[Olympic Sculpture Park]] (opened 2007) on the waterfront north of the downtown piers. The [[Frye Art Museum]] is a free museum on [[First Hill, Seattle, Washington|First Hill]].

Regional history collections are at the [[Loghouse Museum]] in Alki, [[Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park]], the [[Museum of History and Industry]] and the [[Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture]]. Industry collections are at the [[Center for Wooden Boats]] and the adjacent [[Northwest Seaport]], the [[Seattle Metropolitan Police Museum]], and the [[Museum of Flight]]. Regional ethnic collections include the [[Nordic Heritage Museum]], the [[Wing Luke Asian Museum]] and the [[Northwest African American Museum]].

Seattle has artist-run galleries,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.visualcodec.com/content/articles/20060501cscott.html | title= And the Galleries Marched in Two by Two | publisher=Visual Codec | author=Carrie E.A. Scott | accessdate=2007-10-21}}</ref> including 10-year veteran [[Soil Art Gallery]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://soilart.org/about/index.htm | title=About SOIL | publisher=SOIL Gallery | accessdate=2007-10-27}}</ref> and the newer Crawl Space Gallery.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://crawlspacegallery.com/aboutgallery.htm | title=About the gallery | publisher= Crawl Space Gallery | accessdate=2007-10-27}}</ref>

[[Woodland Park Zoo]] opened as a private [[menagerie]] in 1889, but was sold to the city in 1899.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=1481 | title=Woodland Park Zoo – A Snapshot History | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Walt Crowley | date=[[1999-07-08]] | accessdate=2007-10-09}}</ref> The [[Seattle Aquarium]] has been open on the downtown waterfront since 1977 (undergoing a renovation 2006).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2178 | title=Seattle Aquarium opens to excited crowds on May 20, 1977. | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Patrick McRoberts | date=[[1999-01-01]] | accessdate=2007-10-09}}</ref> The [[Seattle Underground Tour]], an exhibit of places that existed before the Great Fire, is also popular.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://rss.usatoday.mlogic3g.com/detail.jsp?key=515006&rc=at_st_cg_tr | title=Seattle Underground Tour | publisher=USA Today | date=[[2006-10-24]] | accessdate=2007-10-09}}</ref> There are also many [[Community Centers of Seattle|community centers]] for recreation, including Rainier Beach, Van Asselt, Rainier, and Jefferson south of the Ship Canal and Green Lake, Laurelhurst, Loyal Heights north of the Canal, and Meadowbrook.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.seattle.gov/parks/centers.asp | title=Community Centers | publisher=City of Seattle | accessdate=2007-10-21}}</ref>

=== Sports ===
{{main|Sports in Seattle}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Club
!Sport
!League
!Venue
!Established
!Championships
|-
|[[Seattle Seahawks]]
|[[American Football|Football]]
|[[National Football League|NFL]]
|[[Qwest Field]]
|1976
|0
|-
|[[Seattle Mariners]]
|[[Baseball]]
|[[Major League Baseball|MLB]]
|[[Safeco Field]]
|1977
|0
|-
|[[Seattle Thunderbirds]]
|[[Ice Hockey]]
|[[Western Hockey League|WHL]]
|[[Kent Events Center]]
|1977
|0
|-
|[[Seattle Sounders (USL)|Seattle Sounders]]
|[[Soccer]]
|[[USL First Division|USL-1]]
|[[Qwest Field]]
|1994
|4
|-
|[[Seattle Storm]]
|[[Basketball]]
|[[WNBA]]
|[[KeyArena]]
|2000
|1
|-
|[[Seattle Sounders FC]]
|[[Soccer]]
|[[Major League Soccer]]
|[[Qwest Field]]
|2009
|N/A
|}
[[Image:SafecoFld.JPG|thumb|upright| [[Safeco Field]], home of the [[Seattle Mariners]]]]

Seattle's professional sports history began at the start of the 20th century with the [[Pacific Coast Hockey Association|PCHA's]] [[Seattle Metropolitans]], which in 1917 became the first American hockey team to win the [[Stanley Cup]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5414 | title=Seattle Metropolitan hockey team wins the Stanley Cup on March 26, 1917. | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Greg Lange | date=[[2003-03-14]] | accessdate=2007-09-29}}</ref> Today Seattle has [[Major North American professional sports leagues|three major professional sports teams]]: The [[National Football League]]'s [[Seattle Seahawks]], [[Major League Baseball]]'s [[Seattle Mariners]], and the 2004 [[Women's National Basketball Association]] champions, [[Seattle Storm]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7330 | title=Seattle Storm wins WNBA championship on October 12, 2004. | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Cassandra Tate | date=[[2005-05-25]] | accessdate=2007-09-29}}</ref> From 1967 to 2008 Seattle was home to an [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] franchise, the [[Seattle SuperSonics]], who were the 1978-79 [[1979 NBA Finals|NBA champions]]; the team was [[Seattle SuperSonics relocation to Oklahoma City|relocated to Oklahoma City]] after the 2007-08 season.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.komotv.com/news/17916284.html |title=NBA approves Sonics' move to Oklahoma amid legal wrangling | publisher=KOMO-TV | date=2008-04-18 | accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> The [[Seattle Sounders (USL)|Seattle Sounders]] currently play in the [[USL First Division|United Soccer League]], but will be replaced by [[Seattle Sounders FC]], which will play in [[Major League Soccer]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.canada.com/theprovince/news/sports/story.html?id=32090787-84c9-4453-93ab-4b717fcb7a78 | title=Seattle Sounders to announce they're moving to up to MLS | publisher=Canada.com | work=The Province | date=[[2007-11-06]] | accessdate=2007-11-08 }}</ref> The [[Seattle Thunderbirds]] are a major-junior hockey team that plays in the one of the Canadian major-junior hockey leagues, the WHL (Western Hockey League). The Thunderbirds currently play at [[KeyArena]], but beginning in the 2008–2009 season will play in nearby [[Kent, Washington]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.seattle-thunderbirds.com/news/news.php?id=443 | title=T-Birds agree to 30-year license/lease at future home | publisher=Seattle Thunderbirds | date=[[2007-07-26]] | accessdate=2007-11-08}}</ref>

Seattle also boasts a strong history in collegiate sports, the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division I]] school University of Washington and the NCAA [[Division II]] schools Seattle Pacific University and Seattle University. The Major League Baseball All-Star game was held in Seattle twice, first at the [[Kingdome]] in 1979 and again at Safeco Field in 2001. The NBA All-Star game was also held in Seattle twice, the first in 1974 at the Seattle Center Coliseum and the second in 1987 at the Kingdome.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/allstar/ | title=2001 All-Star Game | publisher=''Seattle Post-Intelligencer'' | date=[[2001-07-11]] | accessdate=2007-10-09}}</ref>

In 2006, the new [[Qwest Field]] (Seattle Seahawks Stadium) hosted the [[NFL playoffs, 2005-06|2005-06 NFC Championship]]. In 2008, Qwest Field hosted the first game of the [[NFL playoffs, 2007-08|2007-08 NFL playoffs]], in which the Seahawks defeated the Washington Redskins, 35 - 14.

=== Outdoor activities ===
[[Image:Greenlaketrail.jpg|thumb|[[Green Lake (Seattle)|Green Lake Park]], popular among runners, contains a {{convert|2.9|mi|km|1|sing=on}} trail circling the lake.]]

Seattle's cool mild climate allows outdoor recreation including walking, cycling, hiking, skiing, snowboarding, boating, team sports, and swimming.<ref>{{cite book| author=Richard C. Berner | title=Seattle 1900-1920: From Boomtown, Urban Turbulence, to Restoration | publisher=Charles Press |location=Seattle | year=1991 | isbn=0962988901 |pages=p. 97}}</ref> In town many people walk around Green Lake, through the forests and along the bluffs and beaches of {{convert|535|acre|km2|1|sing=on}} Discovery Park (the largest park in the city) in Magnolia, along the shores of Myrtle Edwards Park on the Downtown waterfront, or along Alki Beach in West Seattle. Also popular are hikes and skiing in the nearby Cascade or Olympic Mountains and kayaking and sailing in the waters of Puget Sound, the [[Strait of Juan de Fuca]], and the [[Strait of Georgia]].

=== Media ===
{{main|Media in Seattle}}

Seattle's two major daily newspapers—the ''[[The Seattle Times|Seattle Times]]'' and ''[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]''—share their advertising, circulation, and business departments under a [[Joint Operating Agreement]].<ref name=joa>{{cite web | url=http://www.seattletimescompany.com/joa.htm | title=Joint Operation Agreement | publisher=The Seattle Times Company | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref> There is also a ''[[Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.djc.com/ | title=Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce | accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> and the University of Washington publishes ''[[The Daily]]'', a student-run publication, when school is in session. The most prominent weeklies are the ''[[Seattle Weekly]]'' and ''[[The Stranger (newspaper)|The Stranger]]''. Both consider themselves [[alternative weekly|"alternative" papers]].<ref>(1) {{cite news| url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/lifestyle/57274_newswar07.shtml | title=Rumble in the weekly-newspaper jungle | publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | author=John Marshall | date=[[2002-02-07]] | accessdate=2007-10-28 }}<br />(2) {{cite news| url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/281567_seaweekly17.html | title=A new history at Seattle Weekly | publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | author=Mike Lewis | date=[[2006-08-17]] | accessdate=2007-10-28 }}</ref> ''[[Real Change]]'' is a weekly [[street newspaper]] that is sold mainly by [[homeless]] persons as an alternative to [[panhandling]]. There are also several ethnic newspapers, including the ''[[Northwest Asian Weekly]]'', and numerous neighborhood newspapers, including the ''[[North Seattle Journal]]''.

Seattle is also well served by television and radio, with all major U.S. networks represented, along with at least five other English-language stations and two Spanish-language stations.<ref name=stations>{{cite news | url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/tv/radiolistings.shtml | title=Seattle-Area TV & Radio Stations and Their Formats | publisher=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref> Seattle cable viewers also receive [[CBUT]] 2 ([[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]) from [[Vancouver, British Columbia]].

Leading non-commercial radio stations include [[National Public Radio|NPR]] affiliates [[KUOW-FM]] 94.9 and [[KPLU-FM]] 88.5 (Tacoma). Other notable stations include [[KEXP-FM]] 90.3 (affiliated with EMP), [[KBCS-FM]] 91.3 (affiliated with [[Bellevue Community College]]), and [[KNHC-FM]] 89.5, which broadcasts an [[electronic music]] format and is owned by the public school system and operated by students of Nathan Hale High School. Many Seattle radio stations are also available through [[Internet radio]], with KEXP in particular being a pioneer of Internet radio.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2003686534_brier30.html | title=At KEXP, technology and music embrace | publisher=The Seattle Times | author= Brier Dudley | date=[[2007-04-30]] | accessdate=2007-10-21}}</ref> Seattle also has numerous commercial radio stations, including [[KING-FM]], one of the last commercial classical music stations in the United States.<ref name=stations/>

On the Internet, Seattle is covered by Seattle [[Indymedia]], a co-op started in 1999 which has since spread to many cities around the world, by Seattle24x7.com, a local online business community since 1999, by [[Crosscut.com]], started in 2007 by ''Seattle Weekly'' founder David Brewster, and numerous [[blogs]], including [[Seattlest]], Seattle Metroblogging, and The Slog (''The Stranger's'' blog).

Seattle is also home to a large number of publications about the environment and sustainability, including both [[Worldchanging]] and Grist.org, the nation's two largest online green magazines.

==Economy==
{{See also|List of companies based in Seattle}}
Four companies on the 2006 [[Fortune 500]] list of the United States' largest companies, based on total revenue, are headquartered in Seattle: Internet retailer [[Amazon.com]] (#272), department store [[Nordstrom]](#293), coffee chain [[Starbucks]] (#338), and insurance company [[Safeco Corporation]] (#339). Prior to its September 25, 2008 collapse, financial services company [[Washington Mutual]] (#99) was headquartered in Seattle. Just shy of making the list is global logistics firm [[Expeditors International]] (#506).<ref name=Fortune500>{{cite news | url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/states/W.html | title=Fortune 500 list for Washington | publisher=''Fortune Magazine'' | date=[[2006-04-17]] | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref> Other Fortune 500 companies popularly associated with Seattle are based in nearby Puget Sound cities. Warehouse club chain [[Costco|Costco Wholesale Corp.]] (#28), the largest company in Washington, is based in [[Issaquah, Washington|Issaquah]]. [[Microsoft]] (#48)and [[Nintendo]] of America are located in [[Redmond, Washington|Redmond]]. [[Weyerhaeuser]], the forest products company (#90), is based in Federal Way. Finally, [[Bellevue, Washington|Bellevue]] is home to truck manufacturer [[PACCAR]] (#157) and to international mobile telephony giant T-Mobile's U.S. subsidiary T-Mobile USA.<ref name=Fortune500/>

Prior to moving its headquarters to [[Chicago]], aerospace manufacturer [[Boeing]] (#26) was the largest company based in Seattle. Its largest division is still headquartered in nearby Renton, and the company has large aircraft manufacturing plants in Everett and Renton, so it remains the largest private employers in the Seattle metropolitan area.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.komotv.com/news/archive/4095196.html | title=Locke Unveils Boeing 7E7 Tax Cut Wish List | publisher=KOMO News | date=[[2003-06-09]] | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref>
Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels announced a desire to spark a new economic boom driven by the [[biotechnology]] industry in 2006. Major redevelopment of the [[South Lake Union]] neighborhood is underway in an effort to attract new and established biotech companies to the city, joining biotech companies [[Corixa]] (acquired by [[GlaxoSmithKline]]), Immunex (now part of Amgen), and ZymoGenetics. [[Vulcan Inc.]], the holding company of billionaire [[Paul Allen]], is behind most of the development projects in the region. While some see the new development as an economic boon, others have criticized Nickels and the [[Seattle City Council]] for pandering to Allen's interests at taxpayers' expense.<ref>{{cite news | author = George Howland Jr. | title = The Billion-Dollar Neighborhood | url = http://www.seattleweekly.com/2004-06-23/news/the-billion-dollar-neighborhood.php | publisher=Seattle Weekly | date=[[2004-05-23]] | accessdate = 2007-09-28}}</ref> Also in 2006, ''Expansion Magazine'' ranked Seattle among the top 10 metropolitan areas in the nation for climates favorable to business expansion.<ref>{{cite news|work=Expansion Magazine|url=http://www.expansionmanagement.com/smo/newsviewer/default.asp?cmd=articledetail&articleid=17713&st=3 | date=[[2006-08-15]] | title=2006 Mayor's Challenge: Where Are the Best Metros for Future Business Locations? | author=Bill King | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref>
In 2005, ''[[Forbes]]'' ranked Seattle as the most expensive American city for buying a house based on the local income levels.<ref name=Clemence>{{cite news | author=Sara Clemence | url=http://www.forbes.com/realestate/2005/07/14/overpriced-cities-lifestyle-cx_sc_0715home_ls.html | title=Most Overpriced Places In The U.S. 2005 | publisher=''Forbes magazine'' | date=[[2005-07-14]] | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref>

[[Alaska Airlines]], operating a hub at [[Seattle-Tacoma International Airport]], maintains headquarters in the city of [[SeaTac, Washington|SeaTac]], next to the airport. <ref>"[http://www.alaskasworld.com/Newsroom/ASnews/media.asp Media Contacts: Alaska Airlines]," ''[[Alaska Airlines]]''</ref> <!--Even though the address says Seattle, a search using Google Earth or Yahoo Maps will reveal that the headquarters are in SeaTac-->

==Demographics==
{{main|Demographics of Seattle}}
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-right:0; margin-left:1em; text-align:right"
|+ City of Seattle <br/>Population by year<ref name="pophistory"/>
|-
! 1870
| 1,151
|-
! 1880
| 3,533
|-
! 1890
| 42,837
|-
! 1900
| 80,671
|-
! 1910
| 237,194
|-
! 1920
| 315,312
|-
! 1930
| 365,583
|-
! 1940
| 368,302
|-
! 1950
| 467,591
|-
! 1960
| 557,087
|-
! 1970
| 530,831
|-
! 1980
| 493,846
|-
! 1990
| 516,259
|-
! 2000
| 563,374
|-
! 2007-2008
| 594,210
|}
According to the Washington State Office of Financial Management, Seattle had a population of 592,800 as of April 1, 2008.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ofm.wa.gov/pop/april1/finalpop2008.pdf | format=PDF | title=April 1 Population of Cities, Towns, and Counties Used for Allocation of Selected State Revenues, State of Washington | author=Washington State Office of Financial Management | publisher=Washington State Office of Financial Management | date=[[2008-06-30]] | accessdate=2008-07-07}}</ref> In the 2000 [[census]] interim measurements of 2006, there were 258,499&nbsp;households and 113,400&nbsp;families residing in the city.{{GR|2}}

The racial composition of the city was 67.1&nbsp;percent [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 16.6&nbsp;percent [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 9.7&nbsp;percent [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 2.38&nbsp;percent from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], 1.00&nbsp;percent [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.50&nbsp;percent [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], and 4.46&nbsp;percent from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 6.3&nbsp;percent of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US5363000&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_DP1 | title=Seattle city, Washington | publisher=United States Census Bureau | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref> 11.3% were of [[German American|German]], 9.1%&nbsp;[[Irish American|Irish]], 8.1%&nbsp;[[English people|English]] and 5.0%&nbsp;[[Norwegian American|Norwegian]] ancestry according to [[Census 2000]]. 80.1% spoke English, 4.2% Spanish, 2.3% [[Standard Mandarin|Chinese]] or [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]], 2.0% [[tagalog language|Tagalog]] and 1.9% [[vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] as their first language. Seattle has seen a major increase in immigration in recent decades: the foreign-born population increased 40&nbsp;percent between the 1990 and 2000 censuses.<ref name=brookings>{{cite web | url=http://www.brookings.org/es/urban/livingcities/seattle.htm | title=Seattle in Focus: A Profile from Census 2000 | publisher=The Brookings Institute |month=November | year=2003 | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref> At nearly four percent, Greater Seattle has the highest concentration of mixed-race persons of any major metropolitan area in the United States.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2008210083_biracial280.html | title= Obama's presidential run has many others of mixed race looking at how they describe themselves | author=Lornet Turnbull | publisher=The Seattle Times | date=[[2008-09-28]] | accessdate=2008-09-28}}</ref>

As of 1999, the median income of a city household was $45,736, and the median income for a family was $62,195. Males have a median income of $40,929 versus $35,134 for females. The per capita income for the city is $30,306<ref name=SF3>{{cite web | url=http://www.ofm.wa.gov/census2000/dp58/pl/63000.pdf | title=Census 2000, Summary File 3 | publisher=City of Seattle | date=[[2002-09-17]] | accessdate=2007-09-28 | format=PDF | pages=32–33, 52–54}}</ref> 11.8&nbsp;percent of the population and 6.9&nbsp;percent of families are below the poverty line. Of people living in poverty, 13.8&nbsp;percent are under the age of 18 and 10.2&nbsp;percent are 65 or older.<ref name=SF3/>

It is estimated that King County has 8,000&nbsp;homeless on any given night, and many of those live in Seattle.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cehkc.org/highlights-3-9.shtml | title=Finally, a real plan to end homelessness ... "A Roof Over Every Bed in King County" within ten years | publisher=The Committee to End Homelessness in King County | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref> In September 2005, King County adopted a "Ten-Year Plan to End Homelessness", one of the near-term results of which is a shift of funding from [[homeless shelter]] beds to permanent housing.<ref name=homelessness>{{cite web | url=http://www.metrokc.gov/mkcc/news/2005/0905/Ten_Year_Plan.htm | title=Council Adopts Strategies to Implement “Ten-Year Plan to End Homelessness” | publisher=King County | date=[[2005-09-19]] | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref>

In 2006, after growing by 4,000&nbsp;citizens per annum for the previous 16 years, regional planners expected the population of Seattle to grow by 200,000&nbsp;people by 2040.<ref name=2040growth>{{cite news|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003199361_population15m.html | title=Nickels backs 60 percent increase in city's population by 2040 | publisher=The Seattle Times | author=Bob Young|date=[[2006-08-15]] | accessdate=2009-09-28}}</ref> However, Mayor Nickels supported plans that would increase the population by sixty percent, or 350,000&nbsp;people, by 2040 and is working on ways to accommodate this growth while keeping Seattle's single-family housing zoning laws.<ref name=2040growth/> The Seattle City Council later voted to relax height limits on buildings in the greater part of Downtown, partly with the aim of increasing residential density in the city center.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=buildingheights04m&date=20060404&query=height+limits | title= High-rise boom coming to Seattle? | author=Bob Young | publisher=The Seattle Times | date=[[2006-04-04]] | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref>

A 2006 study by [[UCLA]] suggests that Seattle has one of the highest [[LGBT]] populations per capita. With 12.9% of citizens polled identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual, the city ranks second of all major US cities, behind [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] and slightly ahead of [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003432940_gays16m.html?syndication=rss | publisher=The Seattle Times | title=12.9% in Seattle are gay or bisexual, second only to S.F., study says | author=Lornet Turnbull | date=[[2006-11-16]] | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref> Greater Seattle also ranks second among major US metropolitan areas, with 6.5% being LGBT.<ref>{{cite web | author=Gary J. Gates | url=http://www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/publications/SameSexCouplesandGLBpopACS.pdf | format=PDF| title=Same-sex Couples and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey| author=The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation Law and Public Policy | publisher= UCLA School of Law |month=October | year=2006 | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref>

According to the 2000 US census, revised 2004, Seattle has the fifth highest proportion of single-person households nationwide among cities of 100,000 or more residents, at 40.8 percent.<ref>{{cite web | url=http:http://www.census.gov/statab/ccdb/cit3060r.txt | format=TXT | title=City and County Data Book 2000: Cities with 100,000 or More Population Ranked by Subject | author=US Census Bureau | publisher=US Census Bureau | date=[[2004-03-16]] | accessdate=2007-12-17}}</ref>

In 2005, ''[[Men's Fitness]]'' magazine named Seattle the [[physical fitness|fittest]] city in the United States.<ref name=mensfitness>{{cite news | url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6790560/ | title=Seattle named fittest city in America | publisher=MSNBC | date=[[2005-01-06]] | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref>

==Government and politics==
{{main|Government and politics of Seattle, Washington}}
Seattle is a charter city, with a [[Mayor-council government|Mayor–Council]] form of government. Since 1911 Seattle's nine [[Seattle City Council|city councillors]] have been elected at large, rather than by geographic subdivisions.<ref name=archive-chrono>[http://www.seattle.gov/cityarchives/Facts/councilchron.htm Seattle City Council Members, 1869-Present Chronological Listing], Seattle City Archives. Accessed online July 19, 2008.</ref><ref name=Fleming>S. E. Fleming, ''Civics (supplement): Seattle&nbsp;King County'', Seattle Public Schools, 1919, p. 10.</ref> The only other elected offices are the [[district attorney|city attorney]] and Municipal Court judges. All offices are [[Non-partisan democracy|non-partisan]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www2.ci.seattle.wa.us/ethics/votersguide.asp?e=20071106&p=01_03 | title=Seattle Form of Government | publisher=City of Seattle | author=Ethics and Elections Commission | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref>

Seattle's politics are strongly left of center, although there is a small [[libertarianism|libertarian]] movement within the metro area.<ref name=Liberal>{{cite news | url=http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/236320_liberal12.html | title=Where have Seattle's lefties gone? | publisher=The Seattle Times | author=Neil Modie | date=[[2005-08-15]] | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref> It is one of the most liberal cities with approximately 80% voting democratic, only two precincts in Seattle, one located in the [[Broadmoor, Seattle, Washington|Broadmoor]] community, and one encompassing neighboring [[Madison Park (Seattle)|Madison Park]]—had a majority of votes for [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[George W. Bush]] in the [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004 presidential election]].<ref name=Liberal/> In partisan elections, such as for the [[Washington State Legislature]] and United States Congress, nearly all elections are won by [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]]. Seattle dominates [[Washington's 7th congressional district]], in which Representative [[Jim McDermott]], one of Congress' most liberal members,<ref>{{cite news | url=http://nationaljournal.com/voteratings/house/lib.htm | title= Special Report: 2006 Vote Ratings House Liberal Scores | publisher=National Journal | accessdate=2007-09-28}}</ref> routinely wins by a large margin.

== Education ==
{{main|Education in Seattle}}

Of the city's population over the age of 25, 47.2&nbsp;percent (vs. a national average of 24&nbsp;percent) hold a [[bachelor's degree]] or higher, and 93&nbsp;percent (vs. 80&nbsp;percent nationally) have a high school diploma or [[GED|equivalent]]. A United States Census Bureau survey showed that Seattle had the highest percentage of college graduates of any major U.S. city.<ref name="Most Educated City in US"/> The city was listed as the most literate of the country's sixty-nine largest cities in 2005 and 2006 and second most literate in 2007 in a study conducted by Central Connecticut State University.<ref name="Most Literate Cities"/>

[[Image:Suzzallo Library Graduate Reading Room.jpg|thumb|right|Inside [[Suzzallo Library]], University of Washington campus]]
[[Seattle Public Schools]] desegregated without a court order<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.supremecourtus.gov/opinions/06pdf/05-908.pdf | title=Parents involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 Et Al. | publisher=Supreme Court of the United States | date=[[2007-06-28]] | accessdate=2007-10-03 | format=PDF}}</ref> but continue to struggle to achieve racial balance in a somewhat ethnically divided city (the south part of town having more ethnic minorities than the north).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://historyink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3939 | title=Busing in Seattle: A Well-Intentioned Failure | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Cassandra Tate | date=[[2002-09-07]] | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref> In 2007, Seattle's racial tie-breaking system was struck down by the United States Supreme Court, but the ruling left the door open for desegregation formulae based on other indicators (e.g., income or socioeconomic class).<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003766015_webrace28m.html | title=High court rejects school integration plans | publisher=The Seattle Times | date=[[2007-06-28]] | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref>

The public school system is supplemented by a moderate number of private schools: five of the private high schools are Catholic, one is Lutheran, and six are secular.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/schoolguide/search.php?search=criteria&grade_low=9&grade_high=12&school_city=Seattle&district_id=&school_zip=ZIP+code&pl_code%5B%5D=P | title=School Guide | publisher=The Seattle Times | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref>

Seattle is home to one of the United States's most respected public research universities, the [[University of Washington]]. A study by ''Newsweek International'' in 2006 cited UW as the twenty-second best university in the world.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14321230/ | title=The Complete List: The Top 100 Global Universities | publisher=Newsweek International Edition | date=[[2006-08-13]] | accessdate=2007-11-02 | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070315053646/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14321230/ | archivedate=2007-03-15}}</ref> Seattle also has a number of smaller private universities including [[Seattle University]] and [[Seattle Pacific University]], both founded by religious groups; universities aimed at the working adult, like [[City University, Washington|City University]] and [[Antioch University]]; and a number of arts colleges, such as [[Cornish College of the Arts]] and [[Art Institute of Seattle]]. In 2001, ''Time'' magazine selected [[Seattle Central Community College]] as best college of the year, stating the school "pushes diverse students to work together in small teams".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1000725,00.html | publisher=Time magazine | title=Seattle Central | date=[[2001-09-10]] | accessdate=2007-09-28 | author=Andrew Goldstein}}</ref>

== Infrastructure ==
=== Health systems ===
{{main|Medical facilities of Seattle, Washington}}

The University of Washington is consistently ranked among the country's top leading institutions in medical research. Seattle has seen local developments of modern paramedic services with the establishment of [[Medic One]] in 1970.<ref name=cobb>{{cite web | url=http://depts.washington.edu/mednews/vol6/no33/cobb.html |title=Cobb honored as one of "Resuscitation Greats" | publisher=UW School of Medicine Online News | date=[[2002-08-16]] | accessdate=2007-09-29}}</ref> In 1974, a ''[[60 Minutes]]'' story on the success of the then four-year-old Medic One paramedic system called Seattle "the best place in the world to have a heart attack".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.metrokc.gov/health/medicone/history.htm | title=King County Medic One: A History of Excellence | publisher=King County | date=[[2007-03-29]] | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref>

Three of Seattle's largest medical centers are located on First Hill. [[Harborview Medical Center]], the public county hospital, is the only [[Level I trauma center|Level I]] [[trauma center|trauma hospital]] serving Washington, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.uwmedicine.org/Facilities/Harborview/CentersOfEmphasis/Trauma/ | title=Trauma Center | publisher=UW Medicine | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref> [[Virginia Mason Medical Center]] and [[Swedish Medical Center]]'s two largest campuses are also located in this part of Seattle. This concentration of hospitals resulted in the neighborhood's nickname "Pill Hill".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2002445189_virginiamason19.html | title=Pill Hill property sells for a bundle | publisher=The Seattle Times | author=Tom Boyer | date=[[2005-08-19]] | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref>

Located in the [[Laurelhurst, Seattle, Washington|Laurelhurst]] neighborhood, [[Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center]] is the pediatric referral center for Washington, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho. The [[Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center]] has a campus in the Eastlake neighborhood and also shares facilities with the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and University of Washington Medical Center. The University District is home to the [[University of Washington Medical Center]] which, along with Harborview, is operated by the University of Washington. Seattle is also served by a [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|Veterans Affairs]] hospital on [[Beacon Hill, Seattle, Washington|Beacon Hill]], a third campus of Swedish in Ballard, and [[Northwest Hospital and Medical Center]] near [[Northgate Mall (Seattle)|Northgate Mall]].

===Transportation===
{{main|Transportation in Seattle}}
{{further|[[Street layout of Seattle]]}}
[[Image:SeattleI5Skyline.jpg|thumb|[[Interstate 5 (Washington)|Interstate 5]] as it passes through downtown Seattle.]]
Even though Seattle is old enough that railways and streetcars once dominated its transportation system, the city is now largely dominated by automobiles. Seattle is also serviced by an extensive network of bus routes and two commuter rail routes connecting it to many of its suburbs. [[Washington State Ferries]], the largest ferry system in the US, connects neighboring island communities with downtown.

The first streetcars appeared in 1889 and were instrumental in the creation of a relatively well-defined downtown and strong neighborhoods at the end of their lines. The advent of the automobile sounded the death knell for rail in Seattle. Tacoma&ndash;Seattle railway service ended in 1929 and the Everett–Seattle service came to an end in 1939, replaced by inexpensive automobiles running on the recently developed highway system. Rails on city streets were paved over or removed, and the arrival of [[trolleybuses]] brought the end of streetcars in Seattle in 1941. This left an extensive network of privately owned buses (later public) as the only mass transit within the city and throughout the region.<ref name=interurbanrail>{{cite news | author=Walt Crowley | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2667 |title=Interurban Rail Transit in King County and the Puget Sound Region – A Snapshot History | publisher=HistoryLink.org | date=[[2000-09-19]] | accessdate=2007-09-29}}</ref>
[[Image:Seattle Metro 13.jpg|thumb|left|King County Metro buses are an important public transportation connection between Seattle and its suburbs.]]
In 2005, seventeen&nbsp;percent of Seattle's workforce used one of the three public transit systems that service the city according to a study by the U.S. Census Bureau.In 2005, 17% of Seattlites used transit for their commute.<ref>{{cite news | title=New Yorkers are Top Transit Users | publisher=CNNMoney.com | url=http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/13/real_estate/public_transit_commutes/index.htm | author=Les Christie | date=2007-06-29 | accessdate=2008-08-17}}</ref> [[King County Metro]] provides frequent stop bus service within the city and surrounding county and a [[streetcar]] line between [[South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington|South Lake Union]] and Westlake Center, the [[South Lake Union Streetcar]].<ref name=slustreetcar>{{cite web | url=http://www.ci.seattle.wa.us/transportation/slustreetcar.htm |title=The South Lake Union Streetcar | publisher=Seattle Department of Transportation | accessdate=2007-09-29}}</ref> Seattle is one of the few cities in North America whose bus fleet includes electric trolleybuses. [[Sound Transit]] currently operates express bus service; a [[commuter rail]] service, the [[Sounder commuter rail|Sounder]] between the suburbs and downtown; and, beginning in the summer of 2009, a [[light rail]] line will operate between downtown and Sea-Tac Airport, giving the city its first rapid transit line that has intermediate stops within the city limits. [[Washington State Ferries]], which manages the largest network of ferries in the United States and third largest in the world,<ref name=ferries>{{cite web | url=http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/ferries/your_wsf/index.cfm?fuseaction=our_history | title=History | publisher=Washington State Department of Transit | accessdate=2007-09-29}}</ref> connects Seattle to [[Bainbridge Island|Bainbridge]] and [[Vashon Island]]s in Puget Sound and to [[Bremerton, Washington|Bremerton]] and [[Southworth, Washington|Southworth]] on the [[Kitsap Peninsula]].<ref name=ferries/>

[[Seattle-Tacoma International Airport]], locally known as Sea–Tac Airport and located just south in the neighboring city of [[SeaTac, Washington|SeaTac]], is operated by the [[Port of Seattle]] and provides commercial air service to destinations throughout the world. Closer to downtown, [[Boeing Field]] is used for general aviation, cargo flights, and testing/delivery of Boeing airliners.

Seattle's streets are laid out in a [[cardinal directions]] [[street grid|grid pattern]], except in the central business district where early city leaders Arthur Denny and [[Carson Boren]] insisted on orienting their plats relative to the shoreline rather than to true North.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=315 | title=Maynard, Dr. David Swinson (1808-1873) | publisher=HistoryLink | author=Junius Rochester | date=[[1998-11-10]] | accessdate=2007-10-03}}</ref> Largely as a result of Seattle's topography, only two roads, [[Interstate 5 (Washington)|Interstate 5]] and [[Washington State Route 99|State Route 99]] (both limited-access highways), run uninterrupted through the city from north to south.

=== Utilities ===
{{main|Utilities of Seattle}}
[[Image:Seattle Steam Company-1.jpg|right|thumb|Seattle Steam Company, one of Seattle's privately owned utility companies]]
Water and electric power are municipal services, [[Seattle Public Utilities]] and [[Seattle City Light]], respectively. Privately owned utility companies serving Seattle include [[Puget Sound Energy]] (natural gas); [[Seattle Steam Company]] (steam); [[Waste Management, Inc]] and [[Allied Waste]] (curbside recycling and solid waste removal); and [[Verizon]], [[Qwest]] and [[Comcast]] (telephone, Internet, and cable television).

{{clear}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

{{clear}}
== See also ==
* [[List of Registered Historic Places in King County, Washington#Seattle|List of Registered Historic Places in King County, Washington]]
* [[Music of Washington]]
* [[Seattle Public Library]]
* [[List of Seattle sister cities]]
* [[Tillicum Village]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{cite book
| last =Jones
| first =Nard
| year =1972
| title =Seattle
| accessdate =2006-08-03
| publisher =Doubleday
| location =New York City
| id =ISBN 0-385-01875-4}}

* {{cite book | last =Morgan | first =Murray | year =1982 (originally published 1951, 1982 revised and updated, first illustrated edition) | title =Skid Road: an Informal Portrait of Seattle | accessdate =2006-07-21 | publisher =University of Washington Press | location =Seattle and London | id =ISBN 0-295-95846-4}}

* {{cite book | last =Ochsner | first =Jeffrey Karl, ed. | year =1998 (originally published 1994) | title =Shaping Seattle Architecture: A Historical Guide to the Architects | publisher =University of Washington Press | location =Seattle and London | id =ISBN 029597365X | id =ISBN 0295973668 }}

* {{cite book
| last =Sale
| first =Roger
| year =1976
| title =Seattle: Past To Present
| accessdate =2006-08-03
| publisher =University of Washington Press
| location =Seattle and London
| id =ISBN 0-295-95615-1
}}

* {{cite book | last=Speidel | first=William C. | authorlink= Bill Speidel| title=Doc Maynard: the man who invented Seattle | accessdate=2006-04-21 | year=1978 | publisher=Nettle Creek Publishing Company | location=Seattle | id=ISBN 0-914890-02-6 | pages=pp. 196&ndash;197, 200 | }} <br/>Speidel provides a substantial bibliography with extensive primary sources.
* {{cite book | last=Speidel | first=William C. | title=Sons of the profits; or, There's no business like grow business: the Seattle story, 1851–1901 | accessdate =2006-04-21 | year=1967 | publisher=Nettle Creek Publishing Company | location=Seattle | id=ISBN 0-914890-00-X, ISBN 0-914890-06-9 | pages=pp. 196&ndash;197, 200 }} <br/>Speidel provides a substantial bibliography with extensive primary sources.

== Further reading ==

* {{cite book | last=Klingle | first=Matthew | title=Emerald City: An Environmental History of Seattle. | location=New Haven | publisher=Yale University Press | year=2007 | id=ISBN 0300116411}}

* {{cite book|last=MacGibbon |first=Elma |title=Leaves of knowledge |publisher=Shaw & Borden |year=1904 |oclc=61326250 |url=http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/publications%5Fdetail.aspx?p=63 |format=DJVU |others= Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection |chapter=Seattle, the city of destiny}}

* {{cite book | last=Pierce | first= J. Kingston | title=Eccentric Seattle: Pillars and Pariahs Who Made the City Not Such a Boring Place After All | location= Pullman, Washington | publisher= Washington State University Press | year= 2003 | id= ISBN 978-0-87422-269-2}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Seattle, Washington}}
* [http://www.seattle.gov/ Official website]
* [http://www.historylink.org Historylink.org] provides an unparalleled collection of articles on the history of Seattle and Washington. See especially their [http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7110 history of Seattle and King County].
* [http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/index.htm Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project]
* [http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/seattle/ Seattle, a National Park Service ''Discover Our Shared Heritage'' Travel Itinerary]
* [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Seattle Seattle], ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' 11th Edition (1911), now in the public domain.
* {{wikitravel|Seattle}}
* [http://hemispheresmagazine.com/2008_07 Seattle: Three Perfect Days]

{{Geolinks-US-cityscale|47.61|-122.33}}

{{Seattle neighborhoods|nocat=true}}
{{King County, Washington}}
{{Washington}}
{{Seattle Metro}}
{{USLargestCities}}
{{USLargestMetros}}
{{featured article}}

<!-- Categories -->
[[Category:Settlements established in 1853]]
[[Category:Cities in Washington]]
[[Category:Seattle, Washington| ]]
[[Category:King County, Washington]]
[[Category:Cities in the Seattle metropolitan area]]
[[Category:County seats in Washington]]
[[Category:Towns and cities with limited zero-fare transport]]
[[Category:Port settlements in Washington]]

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Revision as of 03:05, 13 October 2008

Template:Future railway station Template:Cityrail Station alt Top Ryde railway station is a proposed station for the North West Metro to be located in the suburb of Ryde, Sydney with direct connections to the bottom level of Top Ryde City. The station will be underground and is currently under planning. When the line is opened in 2017, the station will be served with trains every 3 minutes for most of the day. Top Ryde station will have an island platform.

The station will be built with a connecting bus interchange on Blaxland Road and taxi stands on Devlin Street. The construction of kiss and ride stands will be subject to further assessments and approval.

Accessibility

The station will have Easy Access for wheelchairs.

Neighbouring stations

Preceding station   Sydney Metro   Following station
Template:Sydney Metro lines
(under planning)

Template:CityRailSydney/Navigation begin Template:CityRailSydney/Navigation Template:CityRailSydney/Navigation end

Template:Australia-rail-stub

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