Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.8: Difference between revisions
→Development and design: tweaks |
m Removed overlinked country wikilink and general fixes (task 2) |
||
(26 intermediate revisions by 15 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. --> |
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. --> |
||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}} |
|||
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin |
|||
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}} |
|||
|name=Royal Aircraft Factory BE.8 |
|||
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin |
|||
|image= |
|||
|name=Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.8 |
|||
|caption= |
|||
|image=B.E.8 prototype.jpg |
|||
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |
|||
|caption=B.E.8 prototype |
|||
|type=Two-seat scout biplane |
|||
}}{{Infobox aircraft type |
|||
|manufacturer= |
|||
|type=Two-seat general purpose biplane |
|||
|designer= |
|||
|manufacturer=Various (designed at Royal Aircraft Factory) |
|||
|designer=John Kenworthy |
|||
|first flight=1913 |
|first flight=1913 |
||
|introduced= |
|introduced=1914 |
||
|retired= |
|retired=1916 |
||
|status= |
|status= |
||
|primary user=[[Royal Flying Corps]] |
|primary user=[[Royal Flying Corps]] |
||
Line 19: | Line 21: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
The '''Royal Aircraft Factory |
The '''Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.8''' was a British two-seat single-engined general purpose [[biplane]] of the [[First World War]], designed by [[John Kenworthy]] at the [[Royal Aircraft Factory]] in 1913.<ref name="Hare p171">Hare 1990, p. 171.</ref> Small numbers were used by the [[Royal Flying Corps]] over the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] in the first year of the war, with the type being used as a [[training aircraft|trainer]] until 1916. |
||
==Development and design== |
==Development and design== |
||
The B.E.8 was the definitive development of the earlier [[Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.3|B.E 3 type]], and the last of the B.E. series to be designed with a [[rotary engine]]. |
The B.E.8 was the definitive development of the earlier [[Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.3|B.E 3 type]], and the last of the B.E. series to be designed with a [[rotary engine]]. The main changes were that the fuselage now rested on the lower wing, in the normal way for a tractor biplane, and that the tail unit was changed to the B.E.2 pattern. Three prototypes were built at [[Royal Aircraft Establishment|Farnborough]] with a single long cockpit for both crew members. The production aircraft had two separate cockpits and were built by sub-contractors. The improved '''B.E.8a''' of 1915 had new B.E.2c type wings, featuring [[aileron]]s instead of [[wing warping]] and a revised [[Empennage|tail unit]]. |
||
==Operational history== |
==Operational history== |
||
Both models of the aircraft entered service with the [[Royal Flying Corps]] and a small number served in [[France]] in 1914 and early 1915 but most were used by training units. |
Both models of the aircraft entered service with the [[Royal Flying Corps]] and a small number served in [[France]] in 1914 and early 1915 but most were used by training units.<ref>Hare, 1990 p. 174</ref> |
||
==Variants== |
==Variants== |
||
Line 44: | Line 46: | ||
==Specifications (BE.8) == |
==Specifications (BE.8) == |
||
{{aerospecs |
|||
|ref=British Aeroplanes 1914-18<ref name="Bruce British p376"> Bruce 1957, p.376.</ref> |
|||
|met or eng?=<!-- eng for US/UK aircraft, met for all others -->eng |
|||
{{Aircraft specs |
|||
|crew=2 (pilot, observer) |
|||
|ref=The Royal Aircraft Factory<ref name=<ref name="Hare">{{cite book |last1=Hare |first1=Paul R. |title=The Royal Aircraft Factory |date=1990 |publisher=Putnam Aeronautical |location=London |isbn=0851778437 |pages=171–175 |edition=1st}}</ref> |
|||
|capacity= |
|||
|prime units?=imp |
|||
|length m=8.31 |
|||
<!-- |
|||
General characteristics |
|||
--> |
|||
|crew=2 |
|||
|length ft=27 |
|length ft=27 |
||
|length in= |
|length in=4.5 |
||
|length note= |
|||
|span m=12.04 |
|||
|span ft= |
|span ft=37 |
||
|span in=8 |
|||
|span in=6<ref> BE.8a span 37 ft 8½ in (11.49 m)</ref> |
|||
|span note= |
|||
|swept m=<!-- swing-wings --> |
|||
|swept ft=<!-- swing-wings --> |
|||
|swept in=<!-- swing-wings --> |
|||
|rot number=<!-- helicopters --> |
|||
|rot dia m=<!-- helicopters --> |
|||
|rot dia ft=<!-- helicopters --> |
|||
|rot dia in=<!-- helicopters --> |
|||
|dia m=<!-- airships etc --> |
|||
|dia ft=<!-- airships etc --> |
|||
|dia in=<!-- airships etc --> |
|||
|width m=<!-- if applicable --> |
|||
|width ft=<!-- if applicable --> |
|||
|width in=<!-- if applicable --> |
|||
|height m=2.84<ref name="Angel p22">Angelucci 1983, p. 22.</ref> |
|||
|height ft=9 |
|height ft=9 |
||
|height in=4 |
|height in=4 |
||
|height note= |
|||
|wing area sqm= |
|||
|wing area sqft= |
|wing area sqft=368 |
||
| |
|wing area note= |
||
|swept area sqft=<!-- swing-wings --> |
|||
|rot area sqm=<!-- helicopters --> |
|||
|rot area sqft=<!-- helicopters --> |
|||
|volume m3=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
|||
|volume ft3=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
|||
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
||
|airfoil= |
|||
|empty weight kg= |
|||
|empty weight lb= |
|empty weight lb= |
||
| |
|empty weight note= |
||
|gross weight lb= |
|gross weight lb= |
||
|gross weight note= |
|||
|lift kg=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
|||
|max takeoff weight lb= |
|||
|lift lb=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
|||
|max takeoff weight note= |
|||
|fuel capacity= |
|||
|more general= |
|||
<!-- |
|||
Powerplant |
|||
--> |
|||
|eng1 number=1 |
|eng1 number=1 |
||
|eng1 |
|eng1 name=[[Gnome 7 Lambda]] |
||
|eng1 |
|eng1 type=7-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine |
||
|eng1 hp= |
|eng1 hp=80 |
||
|eng1 note= |
|||
|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
|||
|eng1 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
|||
|eng1 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
|||
|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
|||
|eng2 number= |
|||
|eng2 type= |
|||
|eng2 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |
|||
|eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |
|||
|eng2 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
|||
|eng2 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
|||
|eng2 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
|||
|eng2 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
|||
|prop blade number=2 |
|||
|max speed kmh=113 |
|||
|prop name=fixed-pitch propeller |
|||
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
|||
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
|||
|prop dia note= |
|||
<!-- |
|||
Performance |
|||
--> |
|||
|max speed mph=70 |
|max speed mph=70 |
||
|max speed |
|max speed note=at sea level |
||
|cruise speed |
|cruise speed mph= |
||
|cruise speed |
|cruise speed note= |
||
|stall speed mph= |
|||
|range km= |
|||
|stall speed note= |
|||
|never exceed speed mph= |
|||
|never exceed speed note= |
|||
|range miles= |
|range miles= |
||
|range note= |
|||
|endurance h=1½<ref name="Hare p175">Hare 1990, p. 175.</ref><!-- if range unknown --> |
|||
|ferry range miles= |
|||
|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown --> |
|||
|ferry range note= |
|||
|ceiling m= |
|||
|endurance=1 hour 30 minutes |
|||
|ceiling ft= |
|ceiling ft= |
||
|ceiling note= |
|||
|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
|||
|climb rate |
|climb rate ftmin= |
||
|climb rate note= |
|||
|climb rate ftmin=285<ref> Climb to 3,000 ft (910 m) in 10 min 30 s</ref> |
|||
|time to altitude={{cvt|3000|ft|0}} in 10 minutes 30 seconds |
|||
|sink rate ms=<!-- sailplanes --> |
|||
|wing loading lb/sqft= |
|||
|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes --> |
|||
|wing loading note= |
|||
|fuel consumption lb/mi= |
|||
|armament1=Small arms operated by crew |
|||
|power/mass= |
|||
|armament2=1× 100 lb (45 kg) bomb |
|||
|more performance= |
|||
|armament3= |
|||
<!-- |
|||
|armament4= |
|||
Armament |
|||
|armament5= |
|||
--> |
|||
|armament6= |
|||
|guns= Small arms operated by crew |
|||
|bombs=1× 100 lb (45 kg) bomb |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 142: | Line 134: | ||
==References== |
==References== |
||
===Citations=== |
|||
{{commons category|Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.8}} |
|||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
* Angelucci, Enzo. ''The Rand McNally Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, 1914-1980''. San Diego, California: The Military Press, 1983. ISBN 0-517-41021-4. |
|||
===Bibliography=== |
|||
* Angelucci, Enzo. ''The Rand McNally Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, 1914-1980''. San Diego, California: The Military Press, 1983. {{ISBN|0-517-41021-4}}. |
|||
* Bruce, J.M. ''British Aeroplanes 1914-18''. London: Putnam, 1957. |
* Bruce, J.M. ''British Aeroplanes 1914-18''. London: Putnam, 1957. |
||
* Bruce, J.M. ''The Aircraft of the Royal Flying Corps (Military Wing)'' . London: Putnam, 1982. ISBN |
* Bruce, J.M. ''The Aircraft of the Royal Flying Corps (Military Wing)'' . London: Putnam, 1982. {{ISBN|0-370-30084-X}}. |
||
* Hare, Paul R. ''The Royal Aircraft Factory''. London:Putnam, 1990. ISBN |
* Hare, Paul R. ''The Royal Aircraft Factory''. London:Putnam, 1990. {{ISBN|0-85177-843-7}}. |
||
*''The [[Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft]]'' (Part Work 1982-1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1985, p. |
*''The [[Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft]]'' (Part Work 1982-1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1985, p. 2819. |
||
<!-- ==External links== --> |
<!-- ==External links== --> |
||
{{Royal Aircraft Factory aircraft}} |
{{Royal Aircraft Factory aircraft}} |
||
{{aviation lists}} |
|||
[[Category:British military reconnaissance aircraft 1910–1919]] |
|||
[[Category:Royal Aircraft Factory aircraft|BE08]] |
|||
[[Category:1910s British military reconnaissance aircraft]] |
|||
[[it:Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.8]] |
|||
[[ |
[[Category:Royal Aircraft Factory aircraft|BE08]] |
||
[[Category:Biplanes]] |
|||
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
|||
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1913]] |
|||
[[Category:Rotary-engined aircraft]] |
Latest revision as of 10:55, 16 January 2022
Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.8 | |
---|---|
B.E.8 prototype | |
Role | Two-seat general purpose biplane |
Manufacturer | Various (designed at Royal Aircraft Factory) |
Designer | John Kenworthy |
First flight | 1913 |
Introduction | 1914 |
Retired | 1916 |
Primary user | Royal Flying Corps |
Number built | approx 70 |
The Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.8 was a British two-seat single-engined general purpose biplane of the First World War, designed by John Kenworthy at the Royal Aircraft Factory in 1913.[1] Small numbers were used by the Royal Flying Corps over the Western Front in the first year of the war, with the type being used as a trainer until 1916.
Development and design[edit]
The B.E.8 was the definitive development of the earlier B.E 3 type, and the last of the B.E. series to be designed with a rotary engine. The main changes were that the fuselage now rested on the lower wing, in the normal way for a tractor biplane, and that the tail unit was changed to the B.E.2 pattern. Three prototypes were built at Farnborough with a single long cockpit for both crew members. The production aircraft had two separate cockpits and were built by sub-contractors. The improved B.E.8a of 1915 had new B.E.2c type wings, featuring ailerons instead of wing warping and a revised tail unit.
Operational history[edit]
Both models of the aircraft entered service with the Royal Flying Corps and a small number served in France in 1914 and early 1915 but most were used by training units.[2]
Variants[edit]
- BE.8
- Production aircraft with wing warping.
- BE.8a
- Production aircraft with ailerons.
Operators[edit]
Specifications (BE.8)[edit]
Data from The Royal Aircraft Factory[3]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Length: 27 ft 4.5 in (8.344 m)
- Wingspan: 37 ft 8 in (11.48 m)
- Height: 9 ft 4 in (2.84 m)
- Wing area: 368 sq ft (34.2 m2)
- Powerplant: 1 × Gnome 7 Lambda 7-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine, 80 hp (60 kW)
- Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 70 mph (110 km/h, 61 kn) at sea level
- Endurance: 1 hour 30 minutes
- Time to altitude: 3,000 ft (914 m) in 10 minutes 30 seconds
Armament
- Guns: Small arms operated by crew
- Bombs: 1× 100 lb (45 kg) bomb
See also[edit]
Related lists
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ^ Hare 1990, p. 171.
- ^ Hare, 1990 p. 174
- ^ Hare, Paul R. (1990). The Royal Aircraft Factory (1st ed.). London: Putnam Aeronautical. pp. 171–175. ISBN 0851778437.
Bibliography[edit]
- Angelucci, Enzo. The Rand McNally Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, 1914-1980. San Diego, California: The Military Press, 1983. ISBN 0-517-41021-4.
- Bruce, J.M. British Aeroplanes 1914-18. London: Putnam, 1957.
- Bruce, J.M. The Aircraft of the Royal Flying Corps (Military Wing) . London: Putnam, 1982. ISBN 0-370-30084-X.
- Hare, Paul R. The Royal Aircraft Factory. London:Putnam, 1990. ISBN 0-85177-843-7.
- The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1985, p. 2819.