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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Monaco.Musée océanographique050.jpg
⚫
| image = Symphorichthys spilurus - Wilhelma 01.jpg
| image_width = 225px
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| status = NE
| image_upright = 1.2
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Russell, B. |author2=Lawrence, A. |author3=Myers, R. |author4=Carpenter, K.E. |author5=Smith-Vaniz, W.F. |date=2016 |title=''Symphorichthys spilurus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T194402A2331603 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T194402A2331603.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| status_ref =
⚫
| parent_authority = [[Ian Stafford Ross Munro|Munro]], 1967
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
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| taxon = Symphorichthys spilurus
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| display_parents = 3
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
⚫
| authority = ([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1874)
| ordo = [[Perciformes]]
| familia = [[Lutjanidae]]
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| genus = '''''Symphorichthys'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Ian Stafford Ross Munro|Munro]], 1967
| species = '''''S. spilurus'''''
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| binomial = ''Symphorichthys spilurus''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1874)
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
* ''Symphorus spilurus'' <small>Günther, 1874</small>
* ''Symphorus spilurus'' <small>Günther, 1874</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{Fishbase | Symphorichthys | spilurus | month= February | year = 2021}}</ref>
}}
}}


The '''sailfin snapper''' or '''blue-lined sea bream''' (''Symphorichthys spilurus'') is a [[species]] of [[Lutjanidae|snapper]] native to the [[Indo-Pacific]] region. It inhabits [[coral reefs]] in areas with sand substrates at depths from {{convert|5|to|60|m|ft|abbr=on}}. It is a solitary fish, only coming together with others of its species to spawn. This species can reach a length of {{convert|60|cm|in|abbr=on}}. Its body shows blue undulating stripes over a yellow body, an orange stripe crossing the eye, and another one at the back of the head. It has typically a black spot at its tail. It is of minor importance to local [[commercial fisheries]] and can be found in the [[aquarium]] trade. It is currently the only known member of its [[genus]].<ref>{{FishBase | genus = Symphorichthys | species = spilurus| month = December| year = 2013}}</ref>
The '''sailfin snapper''' ('''''Symphorichthys spilurus'''''), '''blue-lined sea bream''' or '''blue-lined sea perch''' is a [[species]] of marine [[ray-finned fish]], a snapper belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Lutjanidae]]. It is native to the [[Indo-Pacific]] region. It is of minor importance to local [[commercial fisheries]] and can be found in the [[aquarium]] trade. It is currently the only known member of its [[genus]].

== Taxonomy ==
The sailfin snapper was first formally [[Species description|described]] in 1874 by the [[Germany|German]]-born [[British people|British]] [[ichthyologist]] [[Albert Günther]] as ''Symphorus spilurus'' with the [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given as Palau.<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus | genus = Symphorichthys | access-date = 1 July 2021}}</ref> The [[Australians|Australian]] [[marine scientist]] [[Ian Stafford Ross Munro]] placed it in the [[Monotypy|monotypic]] genus ''Symphorichthys'' in 1967.<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof family | family = Lutjanidae| access-date = 1 July 2021}}</ref> The genus ''Symphorichthys'' is one of two genera in the [[subfamily]] [[Paradicichthyinae]] of the snapper family Lutjanidae.<ref name = Fishbase/> The genus name ''Symphorichthys'' is a reference to the former classification within the genus ''[[Symphorus]]''. The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''spilurus'' is a compound of ''spilos'' meaning “spot” and ''urus'' meaning “tail”, a reference to the sizeable black blotch on the dorsal surface of the adults’ [[caudal peduncle]].<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/lutjaniformes/ | title = Order LUTJANIFORMES: Families HAEMULIDAE and LUTJANIDAE | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 5 January 2021 | access-date = 1 July 2021 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>

== Description ==
The sailfin snapper has a body which is deep and laterally compressed with a rounded dorsal profile of the head, an angular forehead and a steeply sloped snout. The mouth extends as far back as the anterior edge of the eye. There is no incision or protuberance on the preoperculum. The upper jaw has a row of small, flattened teeth with roughly 3 rows in the lower jaw, both jaws have an outer row of short conical teeth, a little bigger than the other teeth. There is no patch of [[vomerine teeth]].<ref name = FAO>{{cite book | author = [[Gerald R. Allen]] | year = 1985 | title = FAO species catalogue Vol.6. Snappers of the world An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date | pages = 159-160 | publisher = FAO Rome | isbn = 92-5-102321-2 | url = http://www.fao.org/3/ac481e/ac481e43.pdf}}</ref> The [[dorsal fin]] has 10 spine and 14-18 soft rays while the [[anal fin]] contains 3 spines and 8-11 soft rays.<ref name = Fishbase/> At least one of the anterior soft rays in both the dorsal and anal fins extends beyond the fin membrane to create a long filament. The [[pectoral fin]]s are long, sometimes extending past the level of the anus and contain 16 fin rays. The [[caudal fin]] is [[emarginate]].<ref name = FAO/> This species attains a maximum [[total length]] of {{cvt|60|cm}}, although of {{cvt|50|cm}} is more typical.<ref name = Fishbase/> The colour of the body is yellowish body with blue horizontal stripes along the flanks. There is a large pale-margined black spot on the upper caudal peduncle, an orange bar over the eye and another to the rear of the head. The juveniles have an overall pale greyish colour broken by a wide white-bordered black stripe running along the middle of the flanks from the snout to the rear margin of the tail. The juveniles have the elongated filaments in the dorsal and anal fin but these are yellowish.<ref name = FofA>{{cite web | url = https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/578#summary | author = Bray, D.J. | year = 2021 | title = ''Symphorichthys spilurus'' | work = Fishes of Australia | accessdate = 1 July 2021 | publisher = Museums Victoria}}</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
The sailfin snapper is found in the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. In the Indian Ocean it occurs at the Rowley Shoals and near Broome, Western Australia. In the Pacific Ocean it is found east as far as Tonga and Fiji, north to the [[Ryukyu Islands]] and south to [[New Caledonia]] and the [[Great Barrier Reef]]. There are also records from the Mentawai Islands off western Sumatra and off the west coast of Thailand. It occurs at depths between {{cvt|5|and|60|m}}.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> It lives in areas of sand near to reefs in lagoons and over outer reefs.<ref name = FofA/>

== Biology ==
The sailfin snapper is typically encountered singly but adults aggregate to [[Spawn (biology)|spawn]] along the outer edges of reefs. They forage in the sand for [[benthic]] [[crustaceans]] and [[molluscs]] as well as preying on fishes.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Fisheries==
The sailfin snapper is targeted in mixed species fisheries throughout its range. In areas such as the Philippines it is known to be [[Overfishing|overfished]], while in others, for example Palau, pressure is lighter. The juveniles appear in the [[Fishkeeping|aquarium]] trade.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q2697581}}
* {{sealifephotos|282914}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:snapper, sailfin}}
[[Category:Lutjanidae|sailfin snapper]]
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[[Category:Indo-Pacific fauna]]
[[Category:Marine fauna of Northern Australia]]
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[[Category:Fish described in 1874|sailfin snapper]]


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{{Taxonbar|from=Q2697581}}


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[[Category:Paradicichthyinae]]
{{Perciformes-stub}}
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[[Category:Fish described in 1874]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Albert Günther]]

Latest revision as of 09:26, 28 October 2022

Sailfin snapper
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Lutjanidae
Subfamily: Paradicichthyinae
Genus: Symphorichthys
Munro, 1967
Species:
S. spilurus
Binomial name
Symphorichthys spilurus
(Günther, 1874)
Synonyms[2]
  • Symphorus spilurus Günther, 1874

The sailfin snapper (Symphorichthys spilurus), blue-lined sea bream or blue-lined sea perch is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries and can be found in the aquarium trade. It is currently the only known member of its genus.

Taxonomy[edit]

The sailfin snapper was first formally described in 1874 by the German-born British ichthyologist Albert Günther as Symphorus spilurus with the type locality given as Palau.[3] The Australian marine scientist Ian Stafford Ross Munro placed it in the monotypic genus Symphorichthys in 1967.[4] The genus Symphorichthys is one of two genera in the subfamily Paradicichthyinae of the snapper family Lutjanidae.[2] The genus name Symphorichthys is a reference to the former classification within the genus Symphorus. The specific name spilurus is a compound of spilos meaning “spot” and urus meaning “tail”, a reference to the sizeable black blotch on the dorsal surface of the adults’ caudal peduncle.[5]

Description[edit]

The sailfin snapper has a body which is deep and laterally compressed with a rounded dorsal profile of the head, an angular forehead and a steeply sloped snout. The mouth extends as far back as the anterior edge of the eye. There is no incision or protuberance on the preoperculum. The upper jaw has a row of small, flattened teeth with roughly 3 rows in the lower jaw, both jaws have an outer row of short conical teeth, a little bigger than the other teeth. There is no patch of vomerine teeth.[6] The dorsal fin has 10 spine and 14-18 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 8-11 soft rays.[2] At least one of the anterior soft rays in both the dorsal and anal fins extends beyond the fin membrane to create a long filament. The pectoral fins are long, sometimes extending past the level of the anus and contain 16 fin rays. The caudal fin is emarginate.[6] This species attains a maximum total length of 60 cm (24 in), although of 50 cm (20 in) is more typical.[2] The colour of the body is yellowish body with blue horizontal stripes along the flanks. There is a large pale-margined black spot on the upper caudal peduncle, an orange bar over the eye and another to the rear of the head. The juveniles have an overall pale greyish colour broken by a wide white-bordered black stripe running along the middle of the flanks from the snout to the rear margin of the tail. The juveniles have the elongated filaments in the dorsal and anal fin but these are yellowish.[7]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

The sailfin snapper is found in the eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. In the Indian Ocean it occurs at the Rowley Shoals and near Broome, Western Australia. In the Pacific Ocean it is found east as far as Tonga and Fiji, north to the Ryukyu Islands and south to New Caledonia and the Great Barrier Reef. There are also records from the Mentawai Islands off western Sumatra and off the west coast of Thailand. It occurs at depths between 5 and 60 m (16 and 197 ft).[1] It lives in areas of sand near to reefs in lagoons and over outer reefs.[7]

Biology[edit]

The sailfin snapper is typically encountered singly but adults aggregate to spawn along the outer edges of reefs. They forage in the sand for benthic crustaceans and molluscs as well as preying on fishes.[2]

Fisheries[edit]

The sailfin snapper is targeted in mixed species fisheries throughout its range. In areas such as the Philippines it is known to be overfished, while in others, for example Palau, pressure is lighter. The juveniles appear in the aquarium trade.[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Russell, B.; Lawrence, A.; Myers, R.; Carpenter, K.E.; Smith-Vaniz, W.F. (2016). "Symphorichthys spilurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T194402A2331603. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T194402A2331603.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2021). Symphorichthys &speciesname= spilurus" Symphorichthys spilurus " in FishBase. February 2021 version.
  3. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Symphorichthys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  4. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Lutjanidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  5. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (5 January 2021). "Order LUTJANIFORMES: Families HAEMULIDAE and LUTJANIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  6. ^ a b Gerald R. Allen (1985). FAO species catalogue Vol.6. Snappers of the world An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date (PDF). FAO Rome. pp. 159–160. ISBN 92-5-102321-2.
  7. ^ a b Bray, D.J. (2021). "Symphorichthys spilurus". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 1 July 2021.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sailfin_snapper&oldid=1118687284"