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{{Short description|French painter (1909–1999)}}
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The artist ''' André Hambourg ''' (5 May 1909 – 4 December 1999) was a French painter of romantic compositions of [[Venice]], luminous seascapes, and beach scenes.


== Biography ==
'''Constantin Kluge''' (1912 - 2003) was an award winning painter originally from Russia. Raised mostly in [[Manchuria]] and Beijing, Kluge eventually settled in Paris and became a French citizen. He is known for his French landscapes and romantic scenes of Paris.
==Biography==
===Early life===
Constantin Kluge was born on January 29, 1912 in [[Riga]], once a large industrial port city in what was then the [[Russian Empire]], and is now Latvia.


=== Education and early career ===
===Family===
His father, also Constantin, was a member of the [[General Staff Academy (Imperial Russia)|Russian Army General Staff]] and a [[White movement|White Army]] sympathizer. His paternal grandfather spent years in France studying the cultivation of vines and wine making. Returning to Russia he developed a successful winery. His mother was an academic who came from a military family. She was a Professor of Literature, frequently teaching or leading schools throughout the family's travels.


André Hambourg was born in [[Paris]] on 5 May 1909. Entering the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Arts Decoratifs in 1926, he studied sculpture under [[Paul Niclausse]]<ref>Paul Niclausse (1879–1958) was a French sculptor, most famous for his art deco medals cast in bronze. He was awarded the Legion of Honor, and was a professor at both the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris.</ref> for four years. The young artist then entered the studio of [[Lucien Simon]] at the [[École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts]]. While in the middle of his academic studies, Hambourg had his debut solo exhibition at the Galerie Taureau in Paris in 1928. He was only 19 years old at the time. Because of the early recognition of his talent, Hambourg became active in the important Paris salons in the first stages of his developing career. In 1931, he was made a member of the Salon de l’Art Français Indépendant and the Salon de l’Oeuvre Unique.
The family moved often, following Constantin Sr.'s deployments with the counter rebellion armies. Each move seemed to take the family further and further east as the revolution spread and the White Sympathizers controlled a decreasing part of the country.
Kluge credited both his parent for his curiosity in the world and interest in the cultural arts, including love of novels and playing of the cello. Painting would come later.


=== Africa ===
===Manchuria & Beijing (1920 - 1931) ===
In the winter of 1919-1920, the family traveled via train to Harbin, Manchuria. Living in Manchuria, Kluge first discovered an interest in art while learning Chinese. Kluge enjoyed beauty of drawing the characters of Mandarin and proper technique for holding the brush.
Eventually, with the situation in Manchuria changing, the family moved to Beijing. At school in Beijing, Kluge was first introduced to formal art study, studying under the direction of the Russian artist Podgursky Chernomyrdin<ref>Podgursky Chernomyrdin, graduated from the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.</ref>. Although he demonstrated real talent as an artist, he would pursue architecture in France.
(He graduated from the French Municipal High School in Beijing in 1931)


The first of Hambourg’s many honors was the Prix de la Villa Abd-el-Tif,<ref>The Villa Abd-el-Tif was a villa in Algiers used by the [[French Government]] as part of a [[bursary]] for artists and sculptors from 1907 to 1961. The prize and villa was designed to be the North-African counterpart of the Prix de Roma.</ref> awarded in 1933. As a result, the artist traveled to North Africa for the first time, and would spend nearly ten years working in [[Algeria]] and [[Morocco]]. The powerful sunlight, as well as the bleak poverty of this region, inspired Hambourg’s canvases. In 1937, he executed a large mural for the Algerian Pavilion at the [[Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne|Exposition Internationale]] of Paris, earning the title of Laureate of the Exposition. Throughout his years in North Africa, Hambourg would exhibit his paintings in numerous one-man shows in Algeria, [[Oran]] and Paris. Eighty of his works were shown at such a show, at the Musée d’Outre-Mer in Paris in 1939.
===France (1931 - 1938)===
In Paris, Kluge earned admission into the [[École des Beaux Arts]] to study architecture, and in 1937 he earned his diploma.<ref>1. The first public display of his art was also in 1937, in Shanghai, in which he exhibited paintings of the Chinese countryside.</ref> His intention to had been to return to Beijing. However he was stymied by his to desire to paint the river banks, bridges, and streets of Paris he had come to love. Thus, only after finishing his architectural degree, did his interest in painting flourish. After six months of painting Paris, he returned east to Shanghai, not Beijing.


===Shanghai (1938-1946)===
=== Military service ===
In Shanghai, the turn world events helped force Kluge to paint. As an aspiring architect, he took a job in the office that processed building permits for the [[Shanghai French Concession]]. However with the outbreak of the war, building nearly ceased as raw materials were being confiscated by the Japanese for their military. Kluge filled his time with painting.


In 1939, Hambourg was mobilized as a military reporter and draughtsman and worked on the staff of the Journal de Commissariat a la Guerre, the newspaper of the French army, under the pseudonym Andre Hache. Special missions on combat vessels led to his appointment as a war correspondent in 1944 with the staff of inter-allied [[SHAEF]].<ref>Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force was the headquarters of the Commander of the [[Allied forces (World War II)|Allied force]] in northwest Europe from 1943 until the end of World War II. U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was in command of SHAEF throughout its existence.</ref> In this role, he took part in the German, Alsace and Atlantic Front campaigns, as well as the [[liberation of France]]. In recognition of his wartime contributions, Hambourg was decorated with the [[Croix de Guerre]]. Before the end of the war, Hambourg became the first French delegate to the Four Arts Aid Society. For his aid to French artists during this time, Hambourg was made a Chevalier of the Ordre de la Sante Publique.
In 1946, with [[Mao Tse Tung]] was sweeping southward and foreigners were flooding out of Shanghai, Kluge moved to Hong Kong. There he took a job as an architect, despite the fact that painting had supported him and his family fact that his painting.


After returning to his artistic career for a short time, Hambourg became the official painter of the Navy in 1952. He undertook numerous voyages aboard [[French Navy]] vessels on missions all around the world including: Venice, the [[Soviet Union]], [[Israel]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]], the [[Ivory Coast]], the [[United States]], and [[Mexico]]. From these global travels, the artist brought back many sketches and preparatory drawings for future paintings and illustrations. His international trips would have a lasting influence on his artwork. Hambourg’s adventurous maritime career resulted in his receiving the honor of Laureate of the Salon de la Marine, and becoming the official painter of the Marine Ministry.
===Hong Kong (1946 - 1950)===
In Hong Kong, Kluge found plenty of work as an architect. However, he became disenchanted with the common practices in the building industry and he resolved to make painting his full-time pursuit.


=== Late career ===
During this period, Kluge became focused on his Christianity, and befriended several Jesuit missionaries including [[Pierre Teilhard de Chardin]] and Pierre Leroy. Their correspondence and notes on their friendship are housed in the Georgetown University Library's special collections.<ref>The Constantin Kluge-Pierre Leroy collection consists primarily of 34 autograph signed letters from Fr. Leroy to his friend, the artist Constantin Kluge. Supplementing the Leroy-Kluge correspondence is a photocopy of a 15 page letter from Kluge to Nicholas Scheetz, Georgetown University Library Manuscripts Librarian, in which Kluge reminisces about Teilhard de Chardin and his circle. Completing the collection are a photocopy of an autograph inscription by Claude Rivière to Marie and Constantin Kluge; issue 10 of the Bulletin of the Association des Amis de Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, featuring recollections by Kluge of Teilhard in Beijing during 1943. http://catalog.library.georgetown.edu/record=b3427246~S4</ref>


In 1970 five hundred of his works formed a prestigious retrospective at the Maison de Culture in [[Bourges]]. Other notable shows include '' Drawings of Venice '' at Galerie Varine-Gincourt in Paris (1979), '' Bonjour New York '' at [[Wally Findlay Galleries]] in New York (1985), '' The Presence of André Hambourg '' at the Salon du Dessin (1986), '' André Hambourg in the Ivory Coast '' at Galerie Guigne in Paris (1987), and finally '' André Hambourg in Venice '' at Galerie Apesteguyin Deauville (1989).
===Paris (1950 - 2003)===
Fearing a Chinese Communist invasion, Kluge returned to France in 1950, and soon thereafter found representation in a Parisian gallery on Rue Saint-Honore. In 1964 he became a citizen of France. Kluge died on January, 9 2003 in France.


Having past experience creating mural decorations for ships, Hambourg was asked to complete a 195 square foot mural, for the Audience Chamber of the new [[European Court of Justice]] in [[Luxembourg]] in 1972. One year later, this panoramic work was unveiled at an opening ceremony in the [[Luxembourg City Hall|Hotel de Ville]], attended by the President of Luxembourg, [[Robert Lecourt]], as well as the Duke and Duchess of Luxembourg.
===Personal life===
Kluge was married three times and had one child, Michel. His first wife and child's mother was Tania de Liphart.


On 4 December 1999 André Hambourg died in Paris after a long and prosperous career. Today his works can be found in the collections of museums such as the [[Musée National d'Art Moderne]], the [[Musée national de la Marine]],<ref>In 2003, Hambourg's work was presented in the museum's ''Luminous Algeria, Through the Eyes of Seascape Painters (1830-1960)'' exhibition</ref> and the Musée des Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie.


=== Personal life ===
==Public Collections==
* Georgetown University, Washington D.C., View of Notre Dame (c. 1955, oil on canvas)


Hambourg married Nicole Rachet, the granddaughter of [[Eugène Boudin]]’s doctor and friend, in 1948.


== Artist and illustrator ==
==Major exhibitions==
* 1951 - [[Salon de Paris]]
* 1961 - [[Salon des Artistes Francais]]
* 1961 - [[Wally Findlay Galleries]]: New York, Chicago, Los Angeles
* 1962 - Salon des Artistes Francais
* 1965 - Galerie Rive Gauche: Paris, France
* 1992 - [[Musée Antoine Vivenel]], Compiègne, France


Hambourg wrote and illustrated two books relating what he had seen and experienced as a military correspondent. '' Berchtesgaden-Party '' and '' From Algiers to Berchtesgaden '' were published in 1947. The artist was also a prolific illustrator of collectors’ books for nearly 40 years. His illustrations are found in the following titles:


* [[Georges Duhamel]]'s '' La Pierre d'Horeb '' 1953)
==Awards==
* [[Kipling]]'s '' The Return of Imray '' (1956)
* 1961 - Silver Medal, Salon des Artistes Francais
* Léo Larguier's '' St-Germain-des-Prés '' (1958)
* 1961 - Salon des Artistes Francais, Taylor Foundation's Raymond Perreau Prize
* [[Henri de Régnier]]'s '' Venetian Life '' (1959)
* 1962 - Gold Medal, Salon des Artistes Francais<ref>Société des artistes français, and Société nationale des beaux-arts, “Le Salon ... “: Paris, France (serial series covering years 1962-1963).</ref>
* [[Sully Prudhomme]]'s '' Private Diary '' (1960)
* 1990 - [[Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur]]<ref>"ORDRE DE LA LEGION D'HONNEUR Décret Du 31 Décembre 1989 Portant Promotion Et Nomination." Journal Officiel De La République Française 1 (Jan 2, 1990): 24. <http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000343022>.</ref>
* '' Honfleur Lights '' by Lucie Delarue-Madrus (1964)
* [[Joseph Kessel]]'s '' Land of Love and Fire '' (1967)
* [[Henry de Montherlant]]'s '' Gypsum Flower '' (1967)
* '' A Way of Looking at the Gardens of Versailles '' based on a text by Louis XIV (1974)
* '' André Hambourg, Peintre de la Marine, '' Musée de la Marine (1977)
* Robert Pariente's '' Venice Notebook '' (1979)
* '' Posthumous Works '' by [[Albert Camus]] (1979)
* Robert Pariente's '' Paris in Full '' (1985)
* '' Provence '' by [[André Suarès]] (1993)


== Awards ==


Hambourg would receive many honors and awards over his lifetime. The Cross of the Chevalier of the [[Legion of Honor]], was given to him by the President of the [[French Republic]] in 1951. In 1986 he was made Commandeur des Arts et Lettres, as well as Commandeur of the Legion of Honor. Finally, in 1996 he became Grand Officier de l’Ordre National du Merite
==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}


== Public collections ==


* [[Musée National d'Art Moderne]], Paris
==References==
* Eugène Boudin Museum, Honfleur
*Société des artistes français, and Société nationale des beaux-arts, “Le Salon ... “: Paris, France (serial series covering years 1962-1963).
* [[Musée national de la Marine]], Paris
* Musée des Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie, Paris


== Footnotes ==
*"KLUGE, Constantin." Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. <http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/benezit/B00099489>.


<references />
* Constantin Kluge; "Constantin Kluge;" Paris France, 1987.


== Bibliography ==
*"ORDRE DE LA LEGION D'HONNEUR Décret Du 31 Décembre 1989 Portant Promotion Et Nomination." Journal Officiel De La République Française 1 (Jan 2, 1990): 24. <http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000343022>.


# Bouret, Jean: ‘André Hambourg et la Réhabilitation sentimentale’ in coll. Artistes de ce Temps, Presses littéraires de France, Paris, 1952.
# Flament, André/Cogniat, Raymond: ‘André Hambourg’ in coll. Maîtres de tous les Temps, Publications filmées d'Art et d'Histoire, Paris, 1970.
# Droit, Michel: ‘André Hambourg’ in coll. Peintres et Sculpteurs d'hier et d'aujourd'hui, Éd. Pierre Cailler, Geneva, 1970.
# Rouanet, Pierre: André Hambourg à Saint-Rémy, Terre d'Europe, Brussels, 1986.
# Ipas, Michel: André Hambourg à Trouville-Deauville, Éd. Apestéguy, Deauville, 1990.
# Parienté, Robert: André Hambourg, La Bibliothèque des Arts, Paris, 1991.
# Monod, Luc: Manuel de l'amateur de livres illustrés modernes 1875-1975, Ides et Calendes, Neuchâtel, 1992.
# Harambourg, Lydia: L'École de Paris 1945-1965. Dictionnaire des Peintres, Ides et Calendes, Neuchâtel, 1993.
# Ipas, Michel: André Hambourg, lumières de Provence, Éd. Équinoxe, Paris, 1994.
# Harambourg, Lydia/Hambourg, André: La Kermesse aux étoiles, Ides et Calendes, Neuchâtel, 1996.
# André Hambourg: la vie au grand air, exhibition catalogue, Musée Olympique, Lausanne, 2001.
# Mourot, Marjolaine/Vidal-Bué, Marion/Cazenave, Elisabeth, et al.: Lumineuse Algérie, sous le regard des peintres de marines (1830-1960), exhibition catalogue, musée national de la Marine, Toulon, 2003.


==External links==
== External links ==

* [http://gulib.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/cl154.htm Georgetown University Libraries - Special Collections]
* http://www.centrepompidou.fr/en
* [http://www.wallyfindlay.com/wally_findlay_artists_period_kluge_c.html Wally Findlay Galleries website]
* [http://www.musee-marine.fr Musee Marine]
* [http://www.orthodox.cn/localchurch/harbin/harbinrussianenclave_en.htm Harbin - A Russian Enclave in Manchuria]
*[http://www.findlaygalleries.com/artists/period/andre-hambourg/ Andre Hambourg Bio] - Findlay Galleries
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181210231356/https://www.andrehambourg.org/ Andre Hambourg Website]

{{ACArt}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hambourg, Andre}}
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:French male painters]]
[[Category:French illustrators]]
[[Category:École des Beaux-Arts alumni]]

Latest revision as of 23:29, 1 June 2023

The artist André Hambourg (5 May 1909 – 4 December 1999) was a French painter of romantic compositions of Venice, luminous seascapes, and beach scenes.

Biography[edit]

Education and early career[edit]

André Hambourg was born in Paris on 5 May 1909. Entering the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Arts Decoratifs in 1926, he studied sculpture under Paul Niclausse[1] for four years. The young artist then entered the studio of Lucien Simon at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts. While in the middle of his academic studies, Hambourg had his debut solo exhibition at the Galerie Taureau in Paris in 1928. He was only 19 years old at the time. Because of the early recognition of his talent, Hambourg became active in the important Paris salons in the first stages of his developing career. In 1931, he was made a member of the Salon de l’Art Français Indépendant and the Salon de l’Oeuvre Unique.

Africa[edit]

The first of Hambourg’s many honors was the Prix de la Villa Abd-el-Tif,[2] awarded in 1933. As a result, the artist traveled to North Africa for the first time, and would spend nearly ten years working in Algeria and Morocco. The powerful sunlight, as well as the bleak poverty of this region, inspired Hambourg’s canvases. In 1937, he executed a large mural for the Algerian Pavilion at the Exposition Internationale of Paris, earning the title of Laureate of the Exposition. Throughout his years in North Africa, Hambourg would exhibit his paintings in numerous one-man shows in Algeria, Oran and Paris. Eighty of his works were shown at such a show, at the Musée d’Outre-Mer in Paris in 1939.

Military service[edit]

In 1939, Hambourg was mobilized as a military reporter and draughtsman and worked on the staff of the Journal de Commissariat a la Guerre, the newspaper of the French army, under the pseudonym Andre Hache. Special missions on combat vessels led to his appointment as a war correspondent in 1944 with the staff of inter-allied SHAEF.[3] In this role, he took part in the German, Alsace and Atlantic Front campaigns, as well as the liberation of France. In recognition of his wartime contributions, Hambourg was decorated with the Croix de Guerre. Before the end of the war, Hambourg became the first French delegate to the Four Arts Aid Society. For his aid to French artists during this time, Hambourg was made a Chevalier of the Ordre de la Sante Publique.

After returning to his artistic career for a short time, Hambourg became the official painter of the Navy in 1952. He undertook numerous voyages aboard French Navy vessels on missions all around the world including: Venice, the Soviet Union, Israel, Britain, the Ivory Coast, the United States, and Mexico. From these global travels, the artist brought back many sketches and preparatory drawings for future paintings and illustrations. His international trips would have a lasting influence on his artwork. Hambourg’s adventurous maritime career resulted in his receiving the honor of Laureate of the Salon de la Marine, and becoming the official painter of the Marine Ministry.

Late career[edit]

In 1970 five hundred of his works formed a prestigious retrospective at the Maison de Culture in Bourges. Other notable shows include Drawings of Venice at Galerie Varine-Gincourt in Paris (1979), Bonjour New York at Wally Findlay Galleries in New York (1985), The Presence of André Hambourg at the Salon du Dessin (1986), André Hambourg in the Ivory Coast at Galerie Guigne in Paris (1987), and finally André Hambourg in Venice at Galerie Apesteguyin Deauville (1989).

Having past experience creating mural decorations for ships, Hambourg was asked to complete a 195 square foot mural, for the Audience Chamber of the new European Court of Justice in Luxembourg in 1972. One year later, this panoramic work was unveiled at an opening ceremony in the Hotel de Ville, attended by the President of Luxembourg, Robert Lecourt, as well as the Duke and Duchess of Luxembourg.

On 4 December 1999 André Hambourg died in Paris after a long and prosperous career. Today his works can be found in the collections of museums such as the Musée National d'Art Moderne, the Musée national de la Marine,[4] and the Musée des Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie.

Personal life[edit]

Hambourg married Nicole Rachet, the granddaughter of Eugène Boudin’s doctor and friend, in 1948.

Artist and illustrator[edit]

Hambourg wrote and illustrated two books relating what he had seen and experienced as a military correspondent. Berchtesgaden-Party and From Algiers to Berchtesgaden were published in 1947. The artist was also a prolific illustrator of collectors’ books for nearly 40 years. His illustrations are found in the following titles:

  • Georges Duhamel's La Pierre d'Horeb 1953)
  • Kipling's The Return of Imray (1956)
  • Léo Larguier's St-Germain-des-Prés (1958)
  • Henri de Régnier's Venetian Life (1959)
  • Sully Prudhomme's Private Diary (1960)
  • Honfleur Lights by Lucie Delarue-Madrus (1964)
  • Joseph Kessel's Land of Love and Fire (1967)
  • Henry de Montherlant's Gypsum Flower (1967)
  • A Way of Looking at the Gardens of Versailles based on a text by Louis XIV (1974)
  • André Hambourg, Peintre de la Marine, Musée de la Marine (1977)
  • Robert Pariente's Venice Notebook (1979)
  • Posthumous Works by Albert Camus (1979)
  • Robert Pariente's Paris in Full (1985)
  • Provence by André Suarès (1993)

Awards[edit]

Hambourg would receive many honors and awards over his lifetime. The Cross of the Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, was given to him by the President of the French Republic in 1951. In 1986 he was made Commandeur des Arts et Lettres, as well as Commandeur of the Legion of Honor. Finally, in 1996 he became Grand Officier de l’Ordre National du Merite

Public collections[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ Paul Niclausse (1879–1958) was a French sculptor, most famous for his art deco medals cast in bronze. He was awarded the Legion of Honor, and was a professor at both the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris.
  2. ^ The Villa Abd-el-Tif was a villa in Algiers used by the French Government as part of a bursary for artists and sculptors from 1907 to 1961. The prize and villa was designed to be the North-African counterpart of the Prix de Roma.
  3. ^ Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force was the headquarters of the Commander of the Allied force in northwest Europe from 1943 until the end of World War II. U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was in command of SHAEF throughout its existence.
  4. ^ In 2003, Hambourg's work was presented in the museum's Luminous Algeria, Through the Eyes of Seascape Painters (1830-1960) exhibition

Bibliography[edit]

  1. Bouret, Jean: ‘André Hambourg et la Réhabilitation sentimentale’ in coll. Artistes de ce Temps, Presses littéraires de France, Paris, 1952.
  2. Flament, André/Cogniat, Raymond: ‘André Hambourg’ in coll. Maîtres de tous les Temps, Publications filmées d'Art et d'Histoire, Paris, 1970.
  3. Droit, Michel: ‘André Hambourg’ in coll. Peintres et Sculpteurs d'hier et d'aujourd'hui, Éd. Pierre Cailler, Geneva, 1970.
  4. Rouanet, Pierre: André Hambourg à Saint-Rémy, Terre d'Europe, Brussels, 1986.
  5. Ipas, Michel: André Hambourg à Trouville-Deauville, Éd. Apestéguy, Deauville, 1990.
  6. Parienté, Robert: André Hambourg, La Bibliothèque des Arts, Paris, 1991.
  7. Monod, Luc: Manuel de l'amateur de livres illustrés modernes 1875-1975, Ides et Calendes, Neuchâtel, 1992.
  8. Harambourg, Lydia: L'École de Paris 1945-1965. Dictionnaire des Peintres, Ides et Calendes, Neuchâtel, 1993.
  9. Ipas, Michel: André Hambourg, lumières de Provence, Éd. Équinoxe, Paris, 1994.
  10. Harambourg, Lydia/Hambourg, André: La Kermesse aux étoiles, Ides et Calendes, Neuchâtel, 1996.
  11. André Hambourg: la vie au grand air, exhibition catalogue, Musée Olympique, Lausanne, 2001.
  12. Mourot, Marjolaine/Vidal-Bué, Marion/Cazenave, Elisabeth, et al.: Lumineuse Algérie, sous le regard des peintres de marines (1830-1960), exhibition catalogue, musée national de la Marine, Toulon, 2003.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=André_Hambourg&oldid=1158093977"