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{{Short description|American astronomer (1873–1951)}}
'''Carl Otto Lampland''' (December 29, 1873 &ndash; December 14, 1951) was an American [[astronomer]].<ref>[http://www6.nau.edu/library/da/obits/display/show_rec.cfm?obit_id=3178 ''Obituary Information for Dr. Carl Otto Lampland'' (Arizona Champion/Coconino Sun, Flagstaff, Arizona)]</ref>
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size: 0.9em; width: 270px;"
|+ [[Minor planet]]s discovered: 1&thinsp;<ref name="MPC-Discoverers" />
|-
| [[1604 Tombaugh]] || 24 March 1931|| {{small|{{LoMP|1604|list}}}}
|}
[[File:Carl Otto Lampland.jpg|thumb|Carl Otto Lampland, c. 1920]]

'''Carl Otto Lampland''' (December 29, 1873 – December 14, 1951) was an American [[astronomer]]. He was involved with both of the [[Lowell Observatory]] solar system projects, observations of the planet [[Mars]] and the search for [[Planets beyond Neptune|Planet&nbsp;X]].<ref name="Duncan-1952" /><ref name="springer" /><ref name="Obituary" /><ref name="Planet-X" />

== Biography ==


Carl Otto Lampland was born near [[Hayfield, Minnesota|Hayfield]] in [[Dodge County, Minnesota]]. He was born into a family of ten children. Both his father Ole Helliksen Lampland (1834–1914) and his mother Berit Gulliksdatter Skartum (1850–1943) were born in [[Norway]].<ref>[http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=moiseth&id=I21352 ''Ole Helliksen Lampland'' (Dodge-Olmsted MN Norwegian-Americans)]</ref>
Carl Otto Lampland was born near [[Hayfield, Minnesota|Hayfield]] in [[Dodge County, Minnesota]]. He was born into a family of ten children. Both his father Ole Helliksen Lampland (1834–1914) and his mother Berit Gulliksdatter Skartum (1850–1943) were born in [[Norway]].<ref>[http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=moiseth&id=I21352 ''Ole Helliksen Lampland'' (Dodge-Olmsted MN Norwegian-Americans)]</ref>


He was educated first at [[Valparaiso University|Valparaiso Normal school]] in [[Valparaiso, Indiana]], where he earned a B.S. degree in 1899. He then studied at [[Indiana University Bloomington|Indiana University]], where he received a B.A. degree in astronomy in 1902, an M.A. in 1906, and an honorary LL.D in 1930.<ref>[http://www.iu.edu/~ceremony/about/honorary_degree_recipients.shtml ''Recipients of Honorary Degrees'' (Indiana University)]</ref>
He was educated first at [[Valparaiso University|Valparaiso Normal school]] in [[Valparaiso, Indiana]], where he earned a B.S. degree in 1899. He then studied at [[Indiana University Bloomington|Indiana University]], where he received a B.A. degree in astronomy in 1902, an M.A. in 1906, and an honorary LL.D in 1930.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iu.edu/~ceremony/about/honorary_degree_recipients.shtml |title=''Recipients of Honorary Degrees'' (Indiana University) |access-date=2010-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002045026/http://www.iu.edu/~ceremony/about/honorary_degree_recipients.shtml |archive-date=2011-10-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


He first went to [[Lowell Observatory]] in 1902 when invited by [[Percival Lowell]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers |last=Hockey |first=Thomas |year=2009 |publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 |accessdate=August 22, 2012 |url=http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/58820.html}}</ref> and Lampland was closely involved with Lowell in planetary observation. He designed cameras used for astronomy and also designed and maintained telescopes, including resilvering the mirror of the {{convert|40|in|mm|sing=on}} telescope. He also constructed [[thermocouple]]s and used them to measure temperatures of [[planet]]s. He won the [[Royal Photographic Society]] Medal in 1905 for the camera which he designed for the 24-inch [[Alvan Clark|Clark telescope]].<ref>[http://www.lowell.edu/Research/library/paper/co_lampland.html ''Biography'' (Lowell Observatory Archives)]</ref> In 1907 Lampland and Lowell won a [[Royal Photographic Society]] exhibition medal for their photographs of the canals of Mars.<ref>http://erps.dmu.ac.uk/catalogue_single.php?h=ca2&pnum=E07A029&page=p&efn=Professor+P.+Lowell</ref>
He first went to [[Lowell Observatory]] in 1902 when invited by [[Percival Lowell]]<ref name="Encyclopedia-of-Astronomers" /> and Lampland was closely involved with Lowell in planetary observation. He designed cameras used for astronomy and also designed and maintained telescopes, including resilvering the mirror of the {{convert|40|in|mm|sing=on}} telescope. He also constructed [[thermocouple]]s and used them to measure temperatures of [[planet]]s. He won the [[Royal Photographic Society]] Medal in 1905 for the camera which he designed for the 24-inch [[Alvan Clark|Clark telescope]].<ref>[http://www.lowell.edu/Research/library/paper/co_lampland.html ''Biography'' (Lowell Observatory Archives)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040615084610/http://www.lowell.edu/Research/library/paper/co_lampland.html |date=June 15, 2004 }}</ref> Together with [[William Coblentz]], he measured large differences between the day and night temperatures on [[Mars]] which implied a thin Martian atmosphere. He discovered the [[asteroid]] [[1604 Tombaugh]]. In 1907 Lampland and Lowell won a [[Royal Photographic Society]] exhibition medal for their photographs of Mars.<ref name="Duncan-1952" />
[[File:Delegates to the Fourth Conference International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research at Mount Wilson Observatory.jpg|center|thumb|350x350px|Lampland at the Fourth Conference International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research at [[Mount Wilson Observatory]], 1910]]


== Honors ==
Together with [[William Coblentz]], he measured large differences between the day and night temperatures on [[Mars]] which implied a thin Martian atmosphere. He discovered the [[asteroid]] [[1604 Tombaugh]]. [[Lampland (lunar crater)|Lampland lunar crater]] on the [[Moon]] was named after him as is an [[Impact crater]] on [[Mars]]. The asteroid [[1767 Lampland]] is also named after him.<ref>[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1767 ''1767 Lampland'' (JPL Solar System Dynamics)]</ref>
* Lampland was elected to the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1915.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-09 |title=Carl Otto Lampland |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/carl-otto-lampland |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref>
<ref>[http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=moiseth&id=I8924 ''Carl Otto Lampland'' (Dodge-Olmsted MN Norwegian-Americans)]</ref> His date of birth is the starting point for the [[Timekeeping on Mars#Sols|Mars Sol Date]] calendar.
* Lampland was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1931.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Carl+O.+Lampland&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>
* The asteroid [[1767 Lampland]] was named in his memory.<ref name="springer" />
* The lunar crater ''[[Lampland (lunar crater)|Lampland]]'' was named after him.<ref>{{GPN|3259}}</ref>
* The Martian crater ''[[Lampland (Martian crater)|Lampland]]'' was also named after him.<ref>{{GPN|3260}}</ref>
* The C.O. Lampland Collection is maintained at the Lowell Observatory Archives in Flagstaff.<ref name="azarchive" />
* His date of birth is the starting point for the [[Timekeeping on Mars#Sols|Mars Sol Date]] calendar.<ref name="Mars-Calendar" />


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist
<references/>
|refs=


<ref name="MPC-Discoverers">{{cite web
==Other sources==
|title = Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)
*Slipher, Earl C. ''The Photographic Story of Mars'' (Cambridge Massachusetts: Sky Publishing. 1962)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/MPDiscsNum.html
|date = 4 September 2016
|accessdate = 17 November 2016}}</ref>


<ref name="Duncan-1952">{{Cite journal
==External links==
|author = Duncan, J. C.
*[http://www.sfmoma.org/artwork/104501 Lampland photographs of Mars]
|date = December 1952
|title = Carl Otto Lampland
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
|volume = 64
|issue = 381
|page = 293
|bibcode = 1952PASP...64..293D
|doi = 10.1086/126497
|doi-access= free
}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1767) Lampland
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 141
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3540002383
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1768 |chapter = (1767) Lampland }}</ref>

<ref name="Obituary">{{Cite web |url=http://www6.nau.edu/library/da/obits/display/show_rec.cfm?obit_id=3178 |title=''Obituary Information for Dr. Carl Otto Lampland'' (Arizona Champion/Coconino Sun, Flagstaff, Arizona) |access-date=2010-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613144516/http://www6.nau.edu/library/da/obits/display/show_rec.cfm?obit_id=3178 |archive-date=2010-06-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="Planet-X">{{cite web
|url= http://www.astronomy.com/year-of-pluto/2015/05/percival-lowells-three-early-searches-for-planet-x
|title= Percival Lowell's three early searches for Planet X
|publisher= Astronomy Magazine
|author= Kevin Schindler, Lowell Observatory
|date= May 14, 2015
|accessdate= January 5, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Encyclopedia-of-Astronomers">{{cite book
|title=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
|last=Hockey |first=Thomas
|year=2009
|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]]
|isbn=978-0387310220
|accessdate=August 22, 2012
|url=http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/58820.html}}</ref>

<ref name="Mars-Calendar">{{cite web
|url= http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/mars/mars-calendar.html
|title= Mars' Calendar
|publisher= [[The Planetary Society]]
|accessdate= January 5, 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="azarchive">{{cite web
|url= http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/lowell/COLampland.xml
|title= C.O. Lampland Collection,1894-1951.
|publisher= Arizona Archives Online
|accessdate= January 5, 2016}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== Related reading ==
* Slipher, Earl C. (1962) ''The Photographic Story of Mars'' (Cambridge Massachusetts: Sky Publishing)
* Croswell, Ken (1997) ''Planet Quest: The Epic Discovery of Alien Solar Systems'' (New York: The Free Press) {{ISBN|978-0684832524}}
* Hughes, Stefan (2012) ''Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens'' (ArtDeCiel Publishing) {{ISBN|978-1620509616}}. {{OCLC|826821840}}
* Littman, Mark (1990) ''Planets Beyond: Discovering the Outer Solar System'' (New York: Wiley) {{ISBN|978-0471510536}}
* Schilling, Govert (2009) ''The Hunt for Planet X: New Worlds and the Fate of Pluto'' (New York: Springer) {{ISBN|978-0387778044}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100728020030/http://www.sfmoma.org/artwork/104501 Lampland photographs of Mars]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Lampland, Carl Otto
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American astronomer
| DATE OF BIRTH = December 29, 1873
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = December 14, 1951
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lampland, Carl Otto}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lampland, Carl Otto}}
[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:1951 deaths]]
[[Category:1951 deaths]]
[[Category:American astronomers]]
[[Category:American astronomers]]
[[Category:Discoverers of asteroids]]
[[Category:American people of Norwegian descent]]
[[Category:American people of Norwegian descent]]
[[Category:People from Minnesota]]
[[Category:Discoverers of asteroids]]
[[Category:Valparaiso University alumni]]
[[Category:Indiana University alumni]]
[[Category:Indiana University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Hayfield, Minnesota]]

[[Category:Valparaiso University alumni]]

[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
{{US-astronomer-stub}}

Latest revision as of 15:50, 5 July 2023

Minor planets discovered: 1 [1]
1604 Tombaugh 24 March 1931 list
Carl Otto Lampland, c. 1920

Carl Otto Lampland (December 29, 1873 – December 14, 1951) was an American astronomer. He was involved with both of the Lowell Observatory solar system projects, observations of the planet Mars and the search for Planet X.[2][3][4][5]

Biography[edit]

Carl Otto Lampland was born near Hayfield in Dodge County, Minnesota. He was born into a family of ten children. Both his father Ole Helliksen Lampland (1834–1914) and his mother Berit Gulliksdatter Skartum (1850–1943) were born in Norway.[6]

He was educated first at Valparaiso Normal school in Valparaiso, Indiana, where he earned a B.S. degree in 1899. He then studied at Indiana University, where he received a B.A. degree in astronomy in 1902, an M.A. in 1906, and an honorary LL.D in 1930.[7]

He first went to Lowell Observatory in 1902 when invited by Percival Lowell[8] and Lampland was closely involved with Lowell in planetary observation. He designed cameras used for astronomy and also designed and maintained telescopes, including resilvering the mirror of the 40-inch (1,000 mm) telescope. He also constructed thermocouples and used them to measure temperatures of planets. He won the Royal Photographic Society Medal in 1905 for the camera which he designed for the 24-inch Clark telescope.[9] Together with William Coblentz, he measured large differences between the day and night temperatures on Mars which implied a thin Martian atmosphere. He discovered the asteroid 1604 Tombaugh. In 1907 Lampland and Lowell won a Royal Photographic Society exhibition medal for their photographs of Mars.[2]

Lampland at the Fourth Conference International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research at Mount Wilson Observatory, 1910

Honors[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. 4 September 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  2. ^ a b Duncan, J. C. (December 1952). "Carl Otto Lampland". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 64 (381): 293. Bibcode:1952PASP...64..293D. doi:10.1086/126497.
  3. ^ a b Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1767) Lampland". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1767) Lampland. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 141. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1768. ISBN 978-3540002383.
  4. ^ "Obituary Information for Dr. Carl Otto Lampland (Arizona Champion/Coconino Sun, Flagstaff, Arizona)". Archived from the original on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
  5. ^ Kevin Schindler, Lowell Observatory (May 14, 2015). "Percival Lowell's three early searches for Planet X". Astronomy Magazine. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
  6. ^ Ole Helliksen Lampland (Dodge-Olmsted MN Norwegian-Americans)
  7. ^ "Recipients of Honorary Degrees (Indiana University)". Archived from the original on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
  8. ^ Hockey, Thomas (2009). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-0387310220. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  9. ^ Biography (Lowell Observatory Archives) Archived June 15, 2004, at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ "Carl Otto Lampland". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 2023-02-09. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
  11. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
  12. ^ "Carl Otto Lampland". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
  13. ^ "Carl Otto Lampland". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
  14. ^ "C.O. Lampland Collection,1894-1951". Arizona Archives Online. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
  15. ^ "Mars' Calendar". The Planetary Society. Retrieved January 5, 2016.

Related reading[edit]

  • Slipher, Earl C. (1962) The Photographic Story of Mars (Cambridge Massachusetts: Sky Publishing)
  • Croswell, Ken (1997) Planet Quest: The Epic Discovery of Alien Solar Systems (New York: The Free Press) ISBN 978-0684832524
  • Hughes, Stefan (2012) Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens (ArtDeCiel Publishing) ISBN 978-1620509616. OCLC 826821840
  • Littman, Mark (1990) Planets Beyond: Discovering the Outer Solar System (New York: Wiley) ISBN 978-0471510536
  • Schilling, Govert (2009) The Hunt for Planet X: New Worlds and the Fate of Pluto (New York: Springer) ISBN 978-0387778044

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Otto_Lampland&oldid=1163569043"