Chirodropidae: Difference between revisions

Chirodropidae
	Chironex sp.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Cnidaria
Class:	Cubozoa
Order:	Chirodropida
Family:	Chirodropidae; Haeckel, 1880
Genera
	Chirodectes Gershwin, 2006; Chirodropus Haeckel, 1880; Chironex Southcott, 1956;

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Chirodropidae is a family of venomous box jellyfish within the class Cubozoa. Like other members of the order Chirodropida, they have branched pedalia (muscular bases at the corners of their cubic umbrella), in contrast to the unbranched pedalia of box jellyfish in the order Carybdeida. Each branch houses its own individual tentacle.^[1] Nematocyst composition and type can vary among individuals within this family based on body size and life stage.^[2] Like other box jellyfish, chirodropids can be found in coastal and shallow marine areas, but they have also been found to occur at benthic depths.^[3]

Habitat and Distribution[edit]

Chirodropida have been reported from a range of tropical, sub-tropical, and mild temperatures localities in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean commonly found in Japan and Australia close to the coasts which affect the local fishermen, divers, and bathers. The Chirodropida jellyfish family have being seen on the deep coastal reefs.This type of jellyfish are strong swimmers which is a big advantage in highly dynamic tidal environments and help the to move from one place to another.

Genera[edit]

Chirodectes Gershwin, 2006

Chirodectes maculatus (Cornelius, Fenner & Hore, 2005)

Chirodropus Haeckel, 1880

Chirodropus gorilla Haeckel, 1880
Chirodropus palmatus Haeckel, 1880

Chironex Southcott, 1956

Chironex fleckeri Southcott, 1956
Chironex indrasaksajiae Sucharitakul, 2017
Chironex yamaguchii Lewis & Bentlage, 2009

References[edit]

^ Cartwright, P; Halgedahl, S. L.; Hendricks., J. R.; Jarrard, R. D.; Marques, A. C.; Collins, A. G.; Lieberman, B. S. (2007-10-31). "Exceptionally Preserved Jellyfishes from the Middle Cambrian". PLOS ONE. 2 (10): e1121. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2.1121C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001121. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2040521. PMID 17971881.
^ Oba, A.; Hidaka, M.; Iwanaga, S. (2004). Fautin, D. G.; Westfall, J. A.; Cartwrigh, P.; Daly, M.; Wyttenbach, C. R. (eds.). "Nematocyst composition of the cubomedusan Chiropsalmus quadrigatus changes with growth". Coelenterate Biology 2003. Developments in Hydrobiology. 178. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands: 173–177. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2762-8_21. ISBN 978-1-4020-2762-8.
^ Keesing, J.K.; Strzelecki, J.; Stowar, M.; Wakeford, M.; Miller, K. J.; Gershwin, L.; Liu, D. (2016-02-29). "Abundant box jellyfish, Chironex sp. (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropidae), discovered at depths of over 50 m on western Australian coastal reefs". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 22290. Bibcode:2016NatSR...622290K. doi:10.1038/srep22290. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4770284. PMID 26924604.

"Chirodropidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
Lewis, C. and B. Bentlage (2009). Clarifying the identity of the Japanese Habu-kurage, Chironex yamaguchii, sp nov (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida). Zootaxa 2030: 59–65

This subphylum Medusozoa-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Cartwright, P; Halgedahl, S. L.; Hendricks., J. R.; Jarrard, R. D.; Marques, A. C.; Collins, A. G.; Lieberman, B. S. (2007-10-31). "Exceptionally Preserved Jellyfishes from the Middle Cambrian". PLOS ONE. 2 (10): e1121. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2.1121C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001121. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2040521. PMID 17971881.

[2] Oba, A.; Hidaka, M.; Iwanaga, S. (2004). Fautin, D. G.; Westfall, J. A.; Cartwrigh, P.; Daly, M.; Wyttenbach, C. R. (eds.). "Nematocyst composition of the cubomedusan Chiropsalmus quadrigatus changes with growth". Coelenterate Biology 2003. Developments in Hydrobiology. 178. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands: 173–177. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2762-8_21. ISBN 978-1-4020-2762-8.

[3] Keesing, J.K.; Strzelecki, J.; Stowar, M.; Wakeford, M.; Miller, K. J.; Gershwin, L.; Liu, D. (2016-02-29). "Abundant box jellyfish, Chironex sp. (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropidae), discovered at depths of over 50 m on western Australian coastal reefs". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 22290. Bibcode:2016NatSR...622290K. doi:10.1038/srep22290. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4770284. PMID 26924604.

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-'''Chirodropidae''' is a family of [[Venom (poison)|venom]]ous [[box jellyfish]] within the class [[Cubozoa]]. Within the family of Chirodropidae, there is a specific character that can allow someone to distinguish between Chirodropidae and the similar family [[Carybdeidae]]. This indicative character of this family of box jellyfish is their branched pedalia. Specifically, each branch houses its own individual tentacle.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cartwright|first=P|last2=Halgedahl|first2=S. L.|last3=Hendricks.|first3=J. R.|last4=Jarrard|first4=R. D.|last5=Marques|first5=A. C.|last6=Collins|first6=A. G.|last7=Lieberman|first7=B. S.|date=2007-10-31|title=Exceptionally Preserved Jellyfishes from the Middle Cambrian|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001121|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=2|issue=10|pages=e1121|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0001121|issn=1932-6203}}</ref> In addition, the nematocyst composition can vary among these individuals within this family based on body size.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Oba|first=A.|last2=Hidaka|first2=M.|last3=Iwanaga|first3=S.|date=2004|editor-last=Fautin|editor-first=D. G.|editor2-last=Westfall|editor2-first=J. A.|editor3-last=Cartwrigh|editor3-first=P.|editor4-last=Daly|editor4-first=M.|editor5-last=Wyttenbach|editor5-first=C. R.|title=Nematocyst composition of the cubomedusan Chiropsalmus quadrigatus changes with growth|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-2762-8_21|journal=Coelenterate Biology 2003|series=Developments in Hydrobiology|language=en|location=Dordrecht|publisher=Springer Netherlands|pages=173–177|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-2762-8_21|isbn=978-1-4020-2762-8}}</ref> The nematocyst composition can also be varied depending on the life stage in terms of polyp or medusa as well as if the individual is large or small. They can also have a variety of nematocyst types. Organisms falling within this family like other box jellyfish can be found in coastal and shallow marine areas but resarch has shown that they have also been found to inhabit areas at benthic depths.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Keesing|first=J.K.|last2=Strzelecki|first2=J.|last3=Stowar|first3=M.|last4=Wakeford|first4=M.|last5=Miller|first5=K. J.|last6=Gershwin|first6=L.|last7=Liu|first7=D.|date=2016-02-29|title=Abundant box jellyfish, Chironex sp. (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropidae), discovered at depths of over 50 m on western Australian coastal reefs|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/srep22290|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=22290|doi=10.1038/srep22290|issn=2045-2322}}</ref>
+'''Chirodropidae''' is a family of [[Venom (poison)|venom]]ous [[box jellyfish]] within the class [[Cubozoa]]. Like other members of the order [[Chirodropida]], they have branched pedalia (muscular bases at the corners of their cubic umbrella), in contrast to the unbranched pedalia of box jellyfish in the order [[Carybdeida]]. Each branch houses its own individual tentacle.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cartwright|first1=P|last2=Halgedahl|first2=S. L.|last3=Hendricks.|first3=J. R.|last4=Jarrard|first4=R. D.|last5=Marques|first5=A. C.|last6=Collins|first6=A. G.|last7=Lieberman|first7=B. S.|date=2007-10-31|title=Exceptionally Preserved Jellyfishes from the Middle Cambrian|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=2|issue=10|pages=e1121|pmc=2040521|  doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0001121|pmid=17971881|bibcode=2007PLoSO...2.1121C|issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free}}</ref> Nematocyst composition and type can vary among individuals within this family based on body size and life stage.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Oba|first1=A.|last2=Hidaka|first2=M.|last3=Iwanaga|first3=S.|date=2004|editor-last=Fautin|editor-first=D. G.|editor2-last=Westfall|editor2-first=J. A.|editor3-last=Cartwrigh|editor3-first=P.|editor4-last=Daly|editor4-first=M.|editor5-last=Wyttenbach|editor5-first=C. R.|title=Nematocyst composition of the cubomedusan ''Chiropsalmus quadrigatus'' changes with growth|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-2762-8_21|journal=Coelenterate Biology 2003|series=Developments in Hydrobiology|volume=178 |language=en|location=Dordrecht|publisher=Springer Netherlands|pages=173–177|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-2762-8_21|isbn=978-1-4020-2762-8}}</ref> Like other box jellyfish, chirodropids can be found in coastal and shallow marine areas, but they have also been found to occur at benthic depths.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Keesing|first1=J.K.|last2=Strzelecki|first2=J.|last3=Stowar|first3=M.|last4=Wakeford|first4=M.|last5=Miller|first5=K. J.|last6=Gershwin|first6=L.|last7=Liu|first7=D.|date=2016-02-29|title=Abundant box jellyfish, ''Chironex'' sp. (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropidae), discovered at depths of over 50 m on western Australian coastal reefs|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=22290|doi=10.1038/srep22290|pmid=26924604 |pmc=4770284 |bibcode=2016NatSR...622290K |issn=2045-2322}}</ref>
-[[File:Chirodropus gorilla.jpg|thumb|This image depicts an organism within the family of Chirodropidae]]
+[[File:Chirodropus gorilla.jpg|thumb|''Chirodropus gorilla'']]
+==Habitat and Distribution==
+Chirodropida have been reported from a range of tropical, sub-tropical, and mild temperatures localities in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean commonly found in Japan and Australia close to the coasts which affect the local fishermen, divers, and bathers. The Chirodropida jellyfish family have being seen on the deep coastal reefs.This type of jellyfish are strong swimmers which is a big advantage in highly dynamic tidal environments and help the to move from one place to another.
 ==Genera==
 *''[[Chirodectes]]'' <small>Gershwin, 2006</small>