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{{Short description|British armoured personnel carrier}}
{{Infobox Weapon
{{Multiple issues|
| name=Loyd Carrier
{{more citations needed|date=October 2017}}
| image=[[Image:IWM-KID-1031-Loyd-Carrier.jpg|300px]]
{{More footnotes|date=May 2009}}
| caption=
}}
|origin={{UK}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2015}}

{{Infobox weapon
|name=Loyd Carrier
| image= The British Army in North-west Europe 1944-45 B11262.jpg
| image_size = 300
|caption=Loyd TT towing a [[Ordnance QF 6 pounder|6 Pdr anti-tank gun]], outside [['s-Hertogenbosch]] 1944
|origin=[[United Kingdom]]
|type=[[Armoured personnel carrier]]
|type=[[Armoured personnel carrier]]
|is_vehicle=yes
|is_vehicle=yes
|is_UK=yes
|is_UK=yes
<!-- Service history -->
|manufacturer=see text
|service=1939 -1960s
|designer=Vivian Loyd
|used_by= British & Commonwealth.<br>
|design date=
Post-war Danish, Dutch and Belgian armies
|number=26,000
|wars= [[Second World War]]
| length=4.50 m
<!-- Production history -->
| width=2.07 m
|designer=[[Vivian Loyd]]
| height=1.42 m
|design_date=1939
| weight=4.5 t
|manufacturer= Vivian Loyd & Co, and others (see text)
| suspension=twin wheel bogies
|unit_cost=
| speed=48 km/h
|production_date= 1939 - 1944
| vehicle_range=220 km
|number=26,000{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| primary_armament=None
|variants= Mark 1, Mark 2
| secondary_armament=
<!-- General specifications -->
| armour=up to 6 mm
| length={{convert|13|ft|11|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="WWIIVeh"/>
| engine=Ford V-8
| width={{convert|6|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="WWIIVeh">WWII Vehicles</ref>
|engine_power=85 hp (63 kW)
| height={{convert|4|ft|8|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="WWIIVeh"/>
| pw_ratio=18.9 hp/tonne
| weight={{convert|4.50|t|LT|abbr=on}}
| crew=1+7-8 passengers
| crew=1
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
|payload_capacity= 7-8 passengers or similar load
|armour= up to 7 mm where fitted
|primary_armament= unarmed
|engine= [[Ford Flathead engine|Ford V8]] [[Flathead engine|Side-valve]] petrol
|engine_power= {{convert|85|bhp|kW|abbr=on}}
|pw_ratio= 18.9 hp/tonne
|transmission=Ford 4 forward, 1 reverse gearbox<ref name="WWIIE">WWII Equipment</ref>
|suspension=[[Horstmann suspension|Horstmann]] twin wheel bogies
|clearance= 8 inches<ref name="WWIIE"/>
|fuel_capacity= 22 gallons<ref name="WWIIE"/>
|vehicle_range={{convert|140|mi|km}} on roads
|speed= {{convert|30|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} maximum on road
|steering= braked - two drums per track
}}
}}


The '''Loyd Carrier''' was one of a number of small tracked vehicles used by the British and [[Commonwealth]] forces in the [[Second World War]] to transport equipment and men about the battlefield. Alongside the [[Universal Carrier|Bren, Scout and Machine Gun Carriers,]] they moved infantry support weapons.
The '''Loyd Carrier''' was one of a number of small tracked vehicles used by the British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces in the [[Second World War]] to transport equipment and men about the battlefield. Alongside the [[Universal Carrier|Bren, Scout and Machine Gun Carriers]], they also moved infantry support weapons.


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
The Loyd Carrier was built upon the mechanicals (engine gearbox and transmission) of a 15 [[cwt]] 4x2 [[Fordson]] truck with lightly-armoured steel bodywork. The engine was at the rear of the Carrier with the radiator behind rather than in front. The transmission then took the drive forward to the axle at the very front where it drove the tracks. Both the front sprockets and idlers at the rear of the tracks were fitted with brakes, actuated by a pair of levers by the driver. To turn the vehicle to the left, the brakes were applied on that side and the Carrier would slew round the stopped track.
The Loyd Carrier was built upon the mechanicals (engine, gearbox and transmission) of a 15 [[Hundredweight|cwt]] 4x2 [[Fordson 7V]] truck with [[mild steel]] bodywork to which armour plate - 'BP Plate' (from "Bullet Proof") - was bolted (to the front and upper sides) depending on application. The engine was at the rear of the Carrier with the radiator behind rather than in front. The transmission then took the drive forward to the axle at the very front where it drove the tracks. Both the front drive sprockets and idlers (which were also sprocketed) at the rear of the tracks were fitted with brakes, actuated by a pair of levers by the driver. To turn the vehicle to the left, the brakes were applied on that side and the Carrier would slew round the stopped track.


The armoured box of the superstructure covered the front and sides but was open to the rear and above but as the Carrier was not expected to function as a fighting vehicle this was not an issue. To protect the occupants from the weather a [[canvas]] tilt could be put up.
The upper hull covered the front and sides but was open to the rear and above; as the Carrier was not expected to function as a fighting vehicle, this was not an issue. To protect the occupants from the weather, a [[canvas]] tilt could be put up; this was standard fitment from the factory.
<ref name="PBook">PartsBook</ref>


As part of the rapid development program, the Loyd used parts from other vehicles: From the [[Universal Carrier]], the track, drive sprockets, and [[Horstmann suspension]] units; from the Fordson 7V, the chassis, engine, gearbox, [[torque tube]] and front axle. The brake drums and back plates were designed specifically for the Loyd.<ref name="PBook"/>
The Army tested the Loyd Carrier in 1939 and placed an initial order for 200 as the ''Carrier, Tracked, Personnel Carrying'' i.e. a personnel carrier. Initial deliveries were from [[Vivian Loyd]]'s own company but production moved to the larger firms including the [[Ford Motor Company]] and [[Wolseley Motor Company|Wolseley Motors]] ( 13,000 between them) and [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis Brothers Ltd]], [[Aveling & Barford]] and [[Sentinel Waggon Works]]. Total production of the Loyd Carrier was approximately 26,000.

The Army tested the Loyd Carrier in 1939 and placed an initial order for 200 as the ''Carrier, Tracked, Personnel Carrying'' i.e. a personnel carrier. Initial deliveries were from [[Vivian Loyd]]'s own company, but production moved to the larger firms, including the [[Ford Motor Company]] and [[Wolseley Motors]] (13,000 between them) and [[Dennis Specialist Vehicles|Dennis Brothers Ltd]], [[Aveling & Barford]] and [[Sentinel Waggon Works]]. Total production of the Loyd Carrier was approximately 26,000.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}


==Service==
==Service==
===Second World War===
The Loyd Carrier was paired with [[Caterpillar D8]] tractors in service with [[Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers]] (REME) for tank recovery - the Carrier carrying spare equipment for the tractor.<ref>[http://www.tankmuseum.co.uk/libraryphotoarchive_0304.html The Tank Museum - Bovington - Library<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Early in the war, the TT along with the TPC variants were part of the standard equipment of [[Royal Engineer]] Chemical Warfare Companies. Most of the Chemical Warfare Companies were disbanded or repurposed in 1943 in order to free up their [[Ordnance ML 4.2 inch Mortar|4.2 inch mortars]] for desperately needed conventional use by infantry divisions in-theatre; the mortars and supporting equipment were attached to each division's machine-gun battalion in company strength.

By far the most notable use of the Loyd was in the TT (Tracked Towing) configuration, where it pulled the [[Ordnance QF 6 pounder|6 pounder anti-tank gun]] from the Normandy landings of 1944 through to the end of the war. There are many wartime photographs of Loyds in action in Normandy, and a number were photographed destroyed in the well-known [[battle of Villers-Bocage]] in 1944.

The Loyd Carrier was also paired with [[Caterpillar D8]] tractors in service with [[Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers]] for tank recovery - the Carrier carrying spare equipment for the tractor.

===Post-war===
[[File:Loyd 90mm CATI pic2.JPG|thumb|right|A Belgian CATI 90 displayed in the [[Royal Military Museum Brussels]] (2010)]]
Both [[Belgium]] and the [[Netherlands]] bought Loyd TTs from the British Army; they were still in Belgian Army ownership up to at least 1963 as engine rebuild plates have been seen with this date in original Belgian vehicles.

A Belgian variant was the CATI 90 (''Canon antitank d'infanterie automoteur 90mm''), a self-propelled gun in use from 1954 to 1962. The vehicle served in infantry units with a paired ammunition carrier.

Some vehicles were sold on into private ownership for farming use (a 1941 No1Mk1 TPC with a ploughing conversion still exists in Nottinghamshire, UK) and a number were placed as targets on Belgian ranges.


==Variants==
==Variants==
Loyd carriers were available in three "numbers", which were available in two "marks"; all manufactured during wartime, and varied in the type/sourcing of [[Ford flathead V8 engine#Version types|the Ford V8 sidevalve engine]] they were powered by:<ref name="PBook"/>
[[Image:IWM-B-11262-Loyd-Carrier-Hertogenbosch-19441025.jpg|right|thumb|Loyd carrier with a [[Ordnance QF 6 pounder|QF 6-pdr anti-tank gun]] of 71st Anti-Tank Regiment, [[British 53rd (Welsh) Division|53rd Division]], outside [['s-Hertogenbosch]], [[25 October]] [[1944]].]]
* '''No. 1''' - [[Ford of Britain|British Ford]] V8 engine (21 stud) and gearbox
Not so much true variants, but the different roles that the Loyd was adapted for
* '''No. 2''' - [[Ford Motor Company|US Ford]] V8 engine (24 stud) and gearbox
* '''No. 3''' - [[Ford Motor Company of Canada|Ford Canada]] V8 engine (24 stud) and gearbox


The two marks were:
;Tracked Personnel Carrier (TPC)
* '''Mark I''' - [[Bendix Corporation|Bendix]] brake system
;Carrier Tracked Towing (CTT)
* '''Mark II''' - [[Lucas Industries#Girling|Girling]] brake system
For towing the 4.2 inch mortar and hauling the [[Ordnance QF 2 pounder|QF 2 pounder]] and [[Ordnance QF 6 pounder|QF 6 pounder]] anti-tank guns and carrying its crew.


=== Roles ===
;Carrier Tracked Cable Layer Mechanical (CTCLM)
There were not many differences between variants, mainly seating and armour plate location:<ref name="PBook"/>
A vehicle for [[Royal Corps of Signals|Royal Signals Corps]] work


;Carrier Tracked Starting and Charging (CTSC)
;Tracked Personnel Carrier (TPC)
Equipped with 30 volt and 12 volt generators driven from the engine and battery sets to support armoured regiment tanks.
:Equipped with a front bench seat and seating for troops on the track guards. Frontal and full side armour fitted.

;Tracked Towing (TT) - Initially known as 'Tractor Anti-tank, MkI'
:Equipped with four single seats and ammunition stowage on the track guards. Used for towing the [[Ordnance ML 4.2 inch Mortar|4.2 inch mortar]] and hauling the [[Ordnance QF 2 pounder|QF 2 pounder]] and [[Ordnance QF 6 pounder|QF 6 pounder]] anti-tank guns and carrying its crew. Frontal and front quarter armour fitted. The main variant by number manufactured.

;Tracked Cable Layer Mechanical (TCLM)
:A vehicle for [[Royal Corps of Signals]] work. No armour fitted.

;Tracked Starting and Charging (TS&C)
:Equipped with a front bench seat, 30 volt and 12 volt DC generators driven from the gearbox [[layshaft]] and battery sets to support [[Armoured regiment (United Kingdom)|armoured regiment]] tanks. No armour fitted.

==Notes==
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.wwiiequipment.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51:carriers-universal-bren-and-loyd&catid=45:transport-carriers&Itemid=55 |work=WWII Equipment |last=Boyd |first=David |title=Carriers, Universal Bren and Loyd }}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.wwiivehicles.com/unitedkingdom/carriers/carden-loyd-carrier.asp |title=Britain's Carden Loyd Carrier |work=WWII Vehicles}}
* {{Cite book |title=Spare Parts List: Carrier, Tracked, Personnel Carrying Mark II |date=October 1941 |work=PartsBook}}

{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |title=No. 14 Carriers |series=AFV Profile |publisher=Profile Publishing |last1=Chamberlain |first1=Peter |last2=Crow |first2=Duncan}}

{{refend}}

==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons|Loyd Carrier}}
{{Commons category|Loyd Carrier}}
*[http://www.mapleleafup.org/vehicles/carriers/loyd.html Mapleafup.org]
* [http://www.mapleleafup.net/vehicles/carriers/loyd.html Mapleafup.net]
*[http://www.armyvehicles.dk/loydcarrier.htm Armyvehicles.dk]
* [http://www.armyvehicles.dk/loydcarrier.htm Armyvehicles.dk]


{{WWIIBritishAFVs}}
{{WWIIBritishAFVs}}


[[Category:World War II armoured fighting vehicles of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War II armoured fighting vehicles of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War II Canadian armoured fighting vehicles]]
[[Category:World War II armoured fighting vehicles of Canada]]
[[Category:Tracked military vehicles]]

[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1930s]]
[[cs:Loyd Carrier]]
[[Category:Armoured personnel carriers of WWII]]
[[it:Loyd Carrier]]
[[Category:Tracked armoured personnel carriers]]
[[pl:Loyd Carrier]]

Latest revision as of 21:59, 28 October 2023

Loyd Carrier
Loyd TT towing a 6 Pdr anti-tank gun, outside 's-Hertogenbosch 1944
TypeArmoured personnel carrier
Place of originUnited Kingdom
Service history
In service1939 -1960s
Used byBritish & Commonwealth.
Post-war Danish, Dutch and Belgian armies
WarsSecond World War
Production history
DesignerVivian Loyd
Designed1939
ManufacturerVivian Loyd & Co, and others (see text)
Produced1939 - 1944
No. built26,000[citation needed]
VariantsMark 1, Mark 2
Specifications
Mass4.50 t (4.43 long tons)
Length13 ft 11 in (4.24 m)[1]
Width6 ft 9 in (2.06 m)[1]
Height4 ft 8 in (1.42 m)[1]
Crew1
Armourup to 7 mm where fitted
Main
armament
unarmed
EngineFord V8 Side-valve petrol
85 bhp (63 kW)
Power/weight18.9 hp/tonne
Payload capacity7-8 passengers or similar load
TransmissionFord 4 forward, 1 reverse gearbox[2]
SuspensionHorstmann twin wheel bogies
Ground clearance8 inches[2]
Fuel capacity22 gallons[2]
Operational
range
140 miles (230 km) on roads
Maximum speed 30 mph (48 km/h) maximum on road
Steering
system
braked - two drums per track

The Loyd Carrier was one of a number of small tracked vehicles used by the British and Commonwealth forces in the Second World War to transport equipment and men about the battlefield. Alongside the Bren, Scout and Machine Gun Carriers, they also moved infantry support weapons.

Design and development[edit]

The Loyd Carrier was built upon the mechanicals (engine, gearbox and transmission) of a 15 cwt 4x2 Fordson 7V truck with mild steel bodywork to which armour plate - 'BP Plate' (from "Bullet Proof") - was bolted (to the front and upper sides) depending on application. The engine was at the rear of the Carrier with the radiator behind rather than in front. The transmission then took the drive forward to the axle at the very front where it drove the tracks. Both the front drive sprockets and idlers (which were also sprocketed) at the rear of the tracks were fitted with brakes, actuated by a pair of levers by the driver. To turn the vehicle to the left, the brakes were applied on that side and the Carrier would slew round the stopped track.

The upper hull covered the front and sides but was open to the rear and above; as the Carrier was not expected to function as a fighting vehicle, this was not an issue. To protect the occupants from the weather, a canvas tilt could be put up; this was standard fitment from the factory. [3]

As part of the rapid development program, the Loyd used parts from other vehicles: From the Universal Carrier, the track, drive sprockets, and Horstmann suspension units; from the Fordson 7V, the chassis, engine, gearbox, torque tube and front axle. The brake drums and back plates were designed specifically for the Loyd.[3]

The Army tested the Loyd Carrier in 1939 and placed an initial order for 200 as the Carrier, Tracked, Personnel Carrying i.e. a personnel carrier. Initial deliveries were from Vivian Loyd's own company, but production moved to the larger firms, including the Ford Motor Company and Wolseley Motors (13,000 between them) and Dennis Brothers Ltd, Aveling & Barford and Sentinel Waggon Works. Total production of the Loyd Carrier was approximately 26,000.[citation needed]

Service[edit]

Second World War[edit]

Early in the war, the TT along with the TPC variants were part of the standard equipment of Royal Engineer Chemical Warfare Companies. Most of the Chemical Warfare Companies were disbanded or repurposed in 1943 in order to free up their 4.2 inch mortars for desperately needed conventional use by infantry divisions in-theatre; the mortars and supporting equipment were attached to each division's machine-gun battalion in company strength.

By far the most notable use of the Loyd was in the TT (Tracked Towing) configuration, where it pulled the 6 pounder anti-tank gun from the Normandy landings of 1944 through to the end of the war. There are many wartime photographs of Loyds in action in Normandy, and a number were photographed destroyed in the well-known battle of Villers-Bocage in 1944.

The Loyd Carrier was also paired with Caterpillar D8 tractors in service with Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers for tank recovery - the Carrier carrying spare equipment for the tractor.

Post-war[edit]

A Belgian CATI 90 displayed in the Royal Military Museum Brussels (2010)

Both Belgium and the Netherlands bought Loyd TTs from the British Army; they were still in Belgian Army ownership up to at least 1963 as engine rebuild plates have been seen with this date in original Belgian vehicles.

A Belgian variant was the CATI 90 (Canon antitank d'infanterie automoteur 90mm), a self-propelled gun in use from 1954 to 1962. The vehicle served in infantry units with a paired ammunition carrier.

Some vehicles were sold on into private ownership for farming use (a 1941 No1Mk1 TPC with a ploughing conversion still exists in Nottinghamshire, UK) and a number were placed as targets on Belgian ranges.

Variants[edit]

Loyd carriers were available in three "numbers", which were available in two "marks"; all manufactured during wartime, and varied in the type/sourcing of the Ford V8 sidevalve engine they were powered by:[3]

  • No. 1 - British Ford V8 engine (21 stud) and gearbox
  • No. 2 - US Ford V8 engine (24 stud) and gearbox
  • No. 3 - Ford Canada V8 engine (24 stud) and gearbox

The two marks were:

Roles[edit]

There were not many differences between variants, mainly seating and armour plate location:[3]

Tracked Personnel Carrier (TPC)
Equipped with a front bench seat and seating for troops on the track guards. Frontal and full side armour fitted.
Tracked Towing (TT) - Initially known as 'Tractor Anti-tank, MkI'
Equipped with four single seats and ammunition stowage on the track guards. Used for towing the 4.2 inch mortar and hauling the QF 2 pounder and QF 6 pounder anti-tank guns and carrying its crew. Frontal and front quarter armour fitted. The main variant by number manufactured.
Tracked Cable Layer Mechanical (TCLM)
A vehicle for Royal Corps of Signals work. No armour fitted.
Tracked Starting and Charging (TS&C)
Equipped with a front bench seat, 30 volt and 12 volt DC generators driven from the gearbox layshaft and battery sets to support armoured regiment tanks. No armour fitted.

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c WWII Vehicles
  2. ^ a b c WWII Equipment
  3. ^ a b c d PartsBook
  • Boyd, David. "Carriers, Universal Bren and Loyd". WWII Equipment.
  • "Britain's Carden Loyd Carrier". WWII Vehicles.
  • Spare Parts List: Carrier, Tracked, Personnel Carrying Mark II. October 1941. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

Further reading[edit]

  • Chamberlain, Peter; Crow, Duncan. No. 14 Carriers. AFV Profile. Profile Publishing.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Loyd Carrier.
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