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{{Short description|German-American physicist (1922–2020)}}
== Harry Suhl - Professor of Physics, University of California San Diego ==
{{Infobox scientist

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{{AFC submission|t||ts=20121016195537|u=Pcfhelpdesk|ns=5}} <!--- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. --->
| name = Harry Suhl

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|birth_place = [[Leipzig]], Germany
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| death_date = {{death date and age|2020|3|3|1922|10|18}}
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| death_place = [[San Diego]], [[California]], U.S.
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| known_for = Suhl instability <br> Suhl–Nakamura interaction <br> Abrikosov–Suhl resonance
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* [[Guggenheim Fellowship]] (1968)
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'''Harry Suhl''' (October 18, 1922 — March 3, 2020) was a German-American physicist who specialized in [[statistical mechanics]], [[non-equilibrium thermodynamics]], and [[solid-state physics]], and in particular [[superconductivity]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Suhl, Harry|url=https://history.aip.org/phn/11509014.html|access-date=2020-08-03|website=history.aip.org}}</ref> Various phenomena in his field of work have been named after him, such as the Suhl instability,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Matsushita|first1=T.|last2=Nomura|first2=R.|last3=Hensley|first3=H. H.|last4=Shiga|first4=H.|last5=Mizusaki|first5=T.|date=1996|title=Spin dynamics and onset of Suhl instability in bcc solid3He in the nuclear-ordered U2D2 phase|journal=Journal of Low Temperature Physics|language=en|volume=105|issue=1|pages=67–92|doi=10.1007/BF00754628|bibcode=1996JLTP..105...67M|s2cid=122614780|issn=1573-7357}}</ref> Suhl–Nakamura interaction<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yasuoka|first1=H.|last2=Ngwe|first2=Tin|last3=Jaccarino|first3=V.|last4=Guggenheim|first4=H. J.|date=1969|title=Mn55 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in MnF2---The Suhl-Nakamura Interaction|journal=Physical Review|volume=177|issue=2|pages=667–672|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.177.667|bibcode=1969PhRv..177..667Y}}</ref> and Abrikosov–Suhl resonance.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Fazekas|first1=P.|url=http://real-eod.mtak.hu/7058/1/KFKIreports_68-032.pdf|title=The role of many-particle intermediate states in the formation of the Abrikosov-Suhl resonance|last2=Zawadowski|first2=A.|publisher=Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Central Research Institute for Physics|year=1968|location=Budapest}}</ref> He died in March 2020 at the age of 97.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Harry Suhl |year=2020 |journal=Physics Today |doi=10.1063/PT.3.4641 |last1=Arovas |first1=Daniel |last2=Maple |first2=M. Brian |last3=Kumar |first3=Pradeep |volume=73 |issue=12 |page=64 |bibcode=2020PhT....73l..64A |doi-access=free }}</ref>
==Early Life and Career==
{{main|Early Life and Career of Harry Suhl}}
'''Harry Suhl''' was born in Leipzig, Germany, on October 18, 1922. He received a B.Sc. degree from the University
of Wales in 1943, and a PhD degree in theoretical physics from Oriel College, University of Oxford, in 1948.
In 1948, Suhl joined the technical staff of [[Bell Telephone Laboratories]] at Murray Hill, New Jersey, where
he remained until 1960. He was appointed Professor of Physics at the [[University of California, San Diego]], in
1960, and became Professor of Physics, Emeritus, in 1991.


== Early life and career ==
==Research==
Suhl was born in Leipzig, Germany, on October 18, 1922. He received a B.Sc. degree from the [[University of Wales]] in 1943, and a Ph.D. degree in theoretical physics from [[Oriel College, Oxford|Oriel College]] of the [[University of Oxford]], in 1948.


In 1948, he joined the [[Bell Telephone Laboratories]] at [[Murray Hill, New Jersey]]. In 1960, he was appointed Professor of Physics at the [[University of California, San Diego]] (UCSD) and was promoted to Professor Emeritus in 1991. He was Chairman of the Physics Department of UCSD from 1965 to 1968 and again from 1972 to 1975, and was Director of the university's Institute for Pure and Applied Physical Sciences from 1980 to 1991.
With William Shockley in 1948, Suhl contributed to fundamental aspects of charge carried dynamics in
semiconductors. In 1953, he and Larry R. Walker developed a detailed analysis of wave propagation in
waveguides loaded with gyromagnetic and gyroelectric media, pertaining to certain microwave devices. Suhl
gave the definitive explanation of nonlinear effects in ferromagnetic resonance (the Suhl instability) in '55/,56,
a subject that has recently proliferated. The principles involved led Suhl to patent a ferromagnetic parametric
amplifier in 1956. This work stimulated wide utilization of parametric amplification, in general. In 1957, Suhl,
and, independently, T. Nakamura, uncovered a major source of broadening of nuclear magnetic resonance
lines in magnetically ordered media (the Suhl-Nakamura interaction).


Suhl served on the board of editors for ''[[Physical Review]]'' ('55-'76) and [[Solid State Communications]] ('61-'90), and was coeditor of several standard treatises: ''Magnetism, a Treatise on Modern Theory and Materials ''(with G.T. Rado, Academic Press, New York, 5 volumes, '63-'72), ''Superconductivity in d- and f-Band Metals'' (with M.B. Maple, Academic Press, New York, 1980) and ''Many Body Phenomena at Surfaces'' (with D.C. Langreth, Academic Press, New York, 1984).{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}
Between 1957 and 1965, Suhl contributed to certain aspects of superconductivity theory (e.g., the so-called
two-band model). In 1965, the and, independently, A.A. Abrikosov, resolved apparent divergences in the
calculated properties of dilute magnetic alloys, attributing them to a particular resonance (the Abrikosov-
Suhl resonance). In the 1970's and 80's he worked in surface physics and catalysis and studied
reaction kinetics, in circumstances in which the traditional Kramers-Eyring approach fails. He continues to
lead an active research group, including PhD students, at UCSD.


== Scientific contributions ==
==Awards, Recognition and Published Works==
Several phenomena Suhl discovered or explained have been named after him. His explanation of nonlinear effects in [[ferromagnetic resonance]] in known as the Suhl instability, and one of the major sources of broadening of [[nuclear magnetic resonance]] lines in magnetically ordered media is known as the Suhl–Nakamura interaction. A particular divergence in the calculated properties of dilute magnetic alloys is known as the Abrikosov–Suhl resonance.


==Honors and awards==
Suhl is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He
Suhl was awarded a [[Guggenheim Fellowship]] in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Simon Guggenheim Foundation {{!}} Harry Suhl|url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/harry-suhl/|access-date=2020-08-03|language=en-US}}</ref> He was later inducted as a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]] in 1976.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Harry Suhl|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/49962.html|access-date=2020-08-03|website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref>
was awarded a John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship in '68/,69, a Doctor of Science degree from the
University of Oxford in 1969, and a National Science Foundation Senior Postdoctoral Fellowship in '70/,71.
He received an Alexander von Humboldt Senior Scientist Award in 1991. Suhl has served on the board
of editors for the Physical Review ('55-'76) and Solid State Communications ('61-'90), is co-editor
of Magnetism, a Treatise on Modern Theory and Materials (with G.T. Rado, Academic Press, New York,
S volumes, '63-'72), Superconductivity in d- and f-Band Metals (with M.B. Maple, Academic Press, New York,
1980) and Many Body Phenomena at Surfaces (with D.C. Langreth, Academic Press, New York, 1984). He
served as Chairman of the Physics Department of UCSD (1965-1968; 1972-1975) and as Director of the
Institute for Pure and Applied Physical Sciences (1980-1991).


== Selected publications==
One of Harry Suhl's most endearing qualities is his sense of humor. At Bell Laboratories and La Jolla, he is
* {{Cite book|title=Current Trends in Condensed Matter Physics|publisher=World Scientific|year=1989|isbn=978-9971-5-0950-7|editor-last=Ferraz|editor-first=A.|series=Proceedings of Universidade de Brasilia Winter School on "Non-linear Physical Phenomena"|location=Teaneck, New Jersey|chapter=Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics to Various Problems in Condensed Matter Physics|doi=10.1142/0889|editor-last2=Oliveria|editor-first2=F.|editor-last3=Osorio|editor-first3=R.}}
famous for his dry wit and, especially, his 'one liners'. Here are just a few examples.
* {{Citation|last=Suhl|first=H.|title=Some Nonlinear Effects in Magnetically Ordered Materials|date=1994|work=Nonlinear Phenomena and Chaos in Magnetic Materials|pages=13–32|publisher=WORLD SCIENTIFIC|doi=10.1142/9789814355810_0002|isbn=978-981-02-1005-2}}
In the late 70's, Harry and one of the UCSD Physics professors shared a secretary by the name of Julie. We heard about
* {{Cite journal|last1=Bouzidi|first1=Djemoui|last2=Suhl|first2=Harry|date=1990|title=Motion of a Bloch domain wall|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=65|issue=20|pages=2587–2590|doi=10.1103/physrevlett.65.2587|pmid=10042635|bibcode=1990PhRvL..65.2587B|issn=0031-9007}}
something called "Secretary's Day" and decided to invite Julie for lunch at a local restaurant, the Marine
* {{Cite journal|last1=Che|first1=Xiaodong|last2=Suhl|first2=Harry|date=1991|title=Scaling of critical self-organized magnetic-domain formations|journal=Physical Review B|volume=44|issue=1|pages=155–158|doi=10.1103/physrevb.44.155|pmid=9998228|bibcode=1991PhRvB..44..155C|issn=0163-1829}}
Room, which is located just south of Scripps Institution of Oceanography and has a spectacular view of the
* {{Cite journal|last1=Elmer|first1=F. J|last2=Burns|first2=J|last3=Suhl|first3=H|date=1993|title=Front Propagation into an Unstable Ferromagnetic State|journal=Europhysics Letters (EPL)|volume=22|issue=6|pages=399–404|doi=10.1209/0295-5075/22/6/001|bibcode=1993EL.....22..399E|s2cid=250801318 |issn=0295-5075}}
Pacific Ocean. On the day of the lunch, the three of us get into the front seat of Harry's Cadillac Eldorado
* {{Cite journal|last1=Arias|first1=Rodrigo|last2=Suhl|first2=Harry|date=1995|title=Magnetic susceptibility of a real ferromagnet near the coexistence condition|journal=Physical Review B|volume=51|issue=2|pages=979–989|doi=10.1103/physrevb.51.979|pmid=9978248|bibcode=1995PhRvB..51..979A|issn=0163-1829}}
(Harry has a penchant for Cadillacs - we don't remember him having any other kind of car). As we were
driving along, Julie, who was sitting in between us, looked over and said "Dr. Maple, how far are you jogging
these days?" This yielded the answer "Oh, about 12 miles a week" (a distance appropriately inflated to
impress). She then turned to Harry and inquired "Well, Dr. Suhl, what do you do for exercise?" Harry replied
"Oh, I really don't subscribe to strenuous exercise; however, I do get up every morning and wind my watch
by an open window."

Although he seldom followed his own advice, Harry was once heard to declare "Everything should be taken
in moderation, including moderation'" In the 60's when Harry and many of the new faculty at UCSD were
designing and building their houses, he told John Goodkind: "...Everyone should build a house in his own bad
taste." When a young Assistant Professor expressed some concern about his prospects for attaining tenure at
UCSD and asked what he should do, Harry responded "Speak only when spoken to, and then give only your
name, rank and serial number!" Sometime in the 70's, a number of us were having lunch at the Coffee Hut,
located in a grove of Eucalyptus trees on the southwest part of the UCSD campus, and complaining about our
income taxes. Harry exclaimed that he had just discovered a new theorem: "The area over all of the tax 'loop
holes' is constant." On another occasion at the Coffee Hut, several of us were discussing our teaching reviews
that had just appeared in a student published booklet called CAPE (Course and Professor Evaluations). Harry,
who is meticulous in his dress, was particularly proud of the following comment made by an undergraduate:
"This was not a very interesting course, but the Prof's a snappy dresser!"

At the Conference Banquet, Professor Phillip Anderson of Princeton University, one of Harry's old friends
and colleagues from the Bell Labs days; reminisced about the 'old times' and described some of Harry's
research accomplishments. A number of other colleagues and friends also made brief remarks. Harry's
response, which reflects his usual charm and sense of humor, is given below.

"It is not easy for me to convey to you my appreciation for honoring me in this fashion. As I was saying to
Dean Attiyeh, when he congratulated me yesterday, I am particularly appreciative of this honor, because it is
probably undeserved. You see, if it were fully deserved, I would be able to say: well, I had it coming. But as it
is, I feel I am getting something for nothing, and that is always a pleasurable sensation. The reason why I feel
somewhat undeserving is because I have always taken a rather hedonistic view of physics, in that I have
worked on the urgent and burning problems of the day if and only if I found them to be amusing. Perhaps
that is no way to maximize your fame and fortune, but it sure is a lot of fun.

By the time you are seventy years old, you are supposed to have learned a few things. Furthermore, you are
supposed to communicate the essence of what you have learned to your younger associates, whether they
want to hear it or not. So here are a few gems that I have extracted from my long years in our profession.
First of all. I found that the notion that people become less productive with advancing years is probably
not correct. They don't usually become less productive, they just become less relevant, present company
always excepted, of course. In fact, they become better and better at what they do, but fewer and fewer people
want to hear about it. Like aging cabaret dancers, they become like Antarctica: Everybody knows about it,
but nobody wants to go there.

Secondly, and more seriously, I found that. in theoretical physics at least, the young people who have been
coming out of school during the last fifteen or twenty years are much better trained in mathematical
techniques than we were in my own youth. I am very puzzled by this, because their teachers were more or less
of my own generation, so I don't see how they could have converted their students into such power houses of
mathematical techniques. I can only conclude that these youngsters must have worked very hard to educate
themselves, or must have been very brilliant. In either case, if my conclusion is correct, then we should pay
them a great deal of respect, even if they make us feel stupid.

Another thing I have learned about our young colleagues is this: there are certain problems in theoretical
physics that are well-known to be insoluble. Unaware of this, these brash youngsters go ahead and eventually
solve them anyway, one way or the other. If they can't solve them in a head-on attack, they find ways to go
around them. Unburdened by the wisdom of age, they plough ahead anyway. This leads me directly into my
next task, that of giving some totally unwelcome advice to the younger people: Above all, don't get wiser as
you get older. If you do, you will become too inhibited to try the impossible. and one can achieve the limits of
the possible only by occasionally venturing beyond these limits. The famous proverb should really be
transposed. It should read: Angels rush in where fools fear to tread.

Secondly, if you publish something, and they don't believe you right away, say to hell with it and go on to
the next thing. That sounds downright immoral, but I don't think it is. I remember that Hitler used to
frequently say: History will decide. And, as it turned out. he was right, at least in his own case.
Finally, always work on good ideas, rather than on your own ideas. If I had followed this advice myself,
instead of narcissistically pursuing my own thing, I would by now have become even more insufferable than
I already am.

Speaking of insufferable, I think it is time to wind down with a couple of personal remarks. True, I am
finally getting old, but I now would like to be twenty five or even thirty five years old only if I would know what
I know now. Otherwise, I want no part of it. I think it is true what they say: 'You are young only once, but if
you work it right, once is enough: And I must admit, I harbor the illusion that I have worked it more or less
right.

Be that as it may: I assure you, I will long remember this meeting, and when I finally kick over and get to
the Pearly Gates, I will take with me a list of participants and put in a good word for you. Who knows, as
these controversies on high Tc's, Kondo lattices, and heavy fermions heat up, some of you may need a good
word from me. Thank you all very much."

==Research Statement and Selected Publications==


Dr Suhl's research covers the following areas: statistical mechanics and critical effects in non-equilibrium systems, magnetism on macroscopic and mesoscopic length scales, reaction kinetics and non-linear dynamics.

As an example of the first and second items, we examine the role of self-organized criticality in magnetic domain formation. Currently we examine magnetization reversal processes and magnetic multilayer structures. In reaction kinetics, the research is directed towards finding formulae for rate constants when traditional rate theory fails.

In non-linear dynamics, we attempt to determine the kind of states in which complex systems settle down, starting from unstable configurations.

Selected Publications:

Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics to Various Problems in Condensed Matter Physics. Current Trends in Condensed Matter Physics, Proceedings of Universidade de Brasilia Winter School on "Non-linear Physical Phenomena," July, 1989, eds. A. Ferraz, F. Oliveira and R. Osorio (World Scientific, Teaneck, NJ, 1989).

Some Nonlinear Effects in Magnetically Ordered Materials, in Nonlinear Phenomena and Chaos in Magnetic Materials, ed P.E. Wigen (World Scientific, Teaneck,NJ, 1989).

Motion of a Bloch Domain Wall. With D. Bouzidi. Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, 2587 (1990).

Scaling of Critical Self-Organized Magnetic Domain Formation. With X. Che. Phys. Rev. B 44, 155 (1991).

Front Propagation into an Unstable Ferromagnetic State. With H.J. Elmer and J. Burns. Europhys. Lett. 22, 399 (1993).

Magnetic Susceptibility of a Real Ferromagnet near the Coexistence condition. With Rodrigo Arias. Phys. Rev. B 51, 979 (1995).


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<!--- After listing your sources please cite them using inline citations and place them after the information they cite. Please see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --->
*
*UCSD Libraries<ref>UCSD Libraries {{cite web|url=http://libraries.ucsd.edu/historyofucsd/newsreleases/1968/19680419a.html|publisher=UCSD Libraries}}</ref>
*Array of Contemporary American Physicists<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.aip.org/history/acap/biographies/bio.jsp?suhlh|publisher=Array of Contemporary American Physicists}}</ref>
*Professor Brian Maple<ref>Professor Brian Maple {{cite web|url=http://mbmlab.ucsd.edu/l|publisher=Brian Maple}}</ref>


== Sources ==
* {{Cite journal|last1= Arovas |first1= Daniel |last2= Maple |first2= M. Brian |last3= Kumar |first3= Pradeep |date= 2020 |title= Harry Suhl |journal= Physics Today |volume=73|issue=12|pages=64|doi=10.1063/PT.3.4641|bibcode= 2020PhT....73l..64A |doi-access= free }}


{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:2020 deaths]]
==Notes==
[[Category:1922 births]]
{{reflist}}
[[Category:21st-century American physicists]]

[[Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford]]
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[[Category:Alumni of the University of Wales]]
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Latest revision as of 01:55, 12 November 2023

Harry Suhl
Born(1922-10-18)October 18, 1922
DiedMarch 3, 2020(2020-03-03) (aged 97)
EducationUniversity of Wales (B.S.)
University of Oxford (Ph.D.)
Known forSuhl instability
Suhl–Nakamura interaction
Abrikosov–Suhl resonance
Awards

Harry Suhl (October 18, 1922 — March 3, 2020) was a German-American physicist who specialized in statistical mechanics, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and solid-state physics, and in particular superconductivity.[1] Various phenomena in his field of work have been named after him, such as the Suhl instability,[2] Suhl–Nakamura interaction[3] and Abrikosov–Suhl resonance.[4] He died in March 2020 at the age of 97.[5]

Early life and career[edit]

Suhl was born in Leipzig, Germany, on October 18, 1922. He received a B.Sc. degree from the University of Wales in 1943, and a Ph.D. degree in theoretical physics from Oriel College of the University of Oxford, in 1948.

In 1948, he joined the Bell Telephone Laboratories at Murray Hill, New Jersey. In 1960, he was appointed Professor of Physics at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) and was promoted to Professor Emeritus in 1991. He was Chairman of the Physics Department of UCSD from 1965 to 1968 and again from 1972 to 1975, and was Director of the university's Institute for Pure and Applied Physical Sciences from 1980 to 1991.

Suhl served on the board of editors for Physical Review ('55-'76) and Solid State Communications ('61-'90), and was coeditor of several standard treatises: Magnetism, a Treatise on Modern Theory and Materials (with G.T. Rado, Academic Press, New York, 5 volumes, '63-'72), Superconductivity in d- and f-Band Metals (with M.B. Maple, Academic Press, New York, 1980) and Many Body Phenomena at Surfaces (with D.C. Langreth, Academic Press, New York, 1984).[citation needed]

Scientific contributions[edit]

Several phenomena Suhl discovered or explained have been named after him. His explanation of nonlinear effects in ferromagnetic resonance in known as the Suhl instability, and one of the major sources of broadening of nuclear magnetic resonance lines in magnetically ordered media is known as the Suhl–Nakamura interaction. A particular divergence in the calculated properties of dilute magnetic alloys is known as the Abrikosov–Suhl resonance.

Honors and awards[edit]

Suhl was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1968.[6] He was later inducted as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1976.[7]

Selected publications[edit]

  • Ferraz, A.; Oliveria, F.; Osorio, R., eds. (1989). "Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics to Various Problems in Condensed Matter Physics". Current Trends in Condensed Matter Physics. Proceedings of Universidade de Brasilia Winter School on "Non-linear Physical Phenomena". Teaneck, New Jersey: World Scientific. doi:10.1142/0889. ISBN 978-9971-5-0950-7.
  • Suhl, H. (1994), "Some Nonlinear Effects in Magnetically Ordered Materials", Nonlinear Phenomena and Chaos in Magnetic Materials, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, pp. 13–32, doi:10.1142/9789814355810_0002, ISBN 978-981-02-1005-2
  • Bouzidi, Djemoui; Suhl, Harry (1990). "Motion of a Bloch domain wall". Physical Review Letters. 65 (20): 2587–2590. Bibcode:1990PhRvL..65.2587B. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.65.2587. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10042635.
  • Che, Xiaodong; Suhl, Harry (1991). "Scaling of critical self-organized magnetic-domain formations". Physical Review B. 44 (1): 155–158. Bibcode:1991PhRvB..44..155C. doi:10.1103/physrevb.44.155. ISSN 0163-1829. PMID 9998228.
  • Elmer, F. J; Burns, J; Suhl, H (1993). "Front Propagation into an Unstable Ferromagnetic State". Europhysics Letters (EPL). 22 (6): 399–404. Bibcode:1993EL.....22..399E. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/22/6/001. ISSN 0295-5075. S2CID 250801318.
  • Arias, Rodrigo; Suhl, Harry (1995). "Magnetic susceptibility of a real ferromagnet near the coexistence condition". Physical Review B. 51 (2): 979–989. Bibcode:1995PhRvB..51..979A. doi:10.1103/physrevb.51.979. ISSN 0163-1829. PMID 9978248.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Suhl, Harry". history.aip.org. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  2. ^ Matsushita, T.; Nomura, R.; Hensley, H. H.; Shiga, H.; Mizusaki, T. (1996). "Spin dynamics and onset of Suhl instability in bcc solid3He in the nuclear-ordered U2D2 phase". Journal of Low Temperature Physics. 105 (1): 67–92. Bibcode:1996JLTP..105...67M. doi:10.1007/BF00754628. ISSN 1573-7357. S2CID 122614780.
  3. ^ Yasuoka, H.; Ngwe, Tin; Jaccarino, V.; Guggenheim, H. J. (1969). "Mn55 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in MnF2---The Suhl-Nakamura Interaction". Physical Review. 177 (2): 667–672. Bibcode:1969PhRv..177..667Y. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.177.667.
  4. ^ Fazekas, P.; Zawadowski, A. (1968). The role of many-particle intermediate states in the formation of the Abrikosov-Suhl resonance (PDF). Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Central Research Institute for Physics.
  5. ^ Arovas, Daniel; Maple, M. Brian; Kumar, Pradeep (2020). "Harry Suhl". Physics Today. 73 (12): 64. Bibcode:2020PhT....73l..64A. doi:10.1063/PT.3.4641.
  6. ^ "John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Harry Suhl". Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  7. ^ "Harry Suhl". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2020-08-03.

Sources[edit]