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{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
|image =
|genus = Magnolia
|genus = Magnolia
|status = EN
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Rivers, M.C. |date=2016 |title=''Magnolia sulawesiana'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T88981112A88981118 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T88981112A88981118.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
|display_parents = 3
|parent = Magnolia subsect. Elmerrillia
|species = sulawesiana
|species = sulawesiana
|authority = Brambach, Noot. & Culmsee<ref name ="Brambach et al. 2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brambach|first1=F|last2=Nooteboom|first2=HP|last3=Culmsee|first3=H|title=''Magnolia sulawesiana'' described, and a key to the species of ''Magnolia'' (Magnoliaceae) occurring in Sulawesi|journal=Blumea|date=2013|volume=58|issue=3|pages=271–276|doi=10.3767/000651913X676817}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=''Magnolia sulawesiana'' in The International Plant Names Index (2012)|url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantNameByVersion.do?id=77135717-1&version=1.1|publisher=[[IPNI]]|accessdate=7 August 2015}}</ref>
|authority = Brambach, Noot. & Culmsee<ref name ="Brambach et al. 2013">{{cite journal|last1=Brambach|first1=F|last2=Nooteboom|first2=HP|last3=Culmsee|first3=H|title=''Magnolia sulawesiana'' described, and a key to the species of ''Magnolia'' (Magnoliaceae) occurring in Sulawesi|journal=Blumea|date=2013|volume=58|issue=3|pages=271–276|doi=10.3767/000651913X676817|url=https://publications.goettingen-research-online.de/bitstream/2/28023/2/s7.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=''Magnolia sulawesiana'' in The International Plant Names Index (2012)|url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantNameByVersion.do?id=77135717-1&version=1.1|publisher=[[IPNI]]|access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Magnolia sulawesiana''''' is a large evergreen tree of the [[Magnoliaceae]] family that grows in tropical [[montane ecology|montane]] forests on the [[Indonesia]]n island of [[Sulawesi]].
'''''Magnolia sulawesiana''''' is a large evergreen tree of the family [[Magnoliaceae]] that grows in tropical [[montane ecology|montane]] forests on the Indonesian island of [[Sulawesi]].


==Description==
==Description==
This is a large, evergreen tree, up to 35 m tall and with a [[Diameter at breast height|dbh]] of up to 100&nbsp;cm. As with all other species of ''Magnolia'', the twigs have stipules that enclose the twig tips and leave conspicuous circular scars after falling off. The leaves are [[Phyllotaxis|spirally arranged]], usually oblong, rather small for a ''Magnolia'' (usually 6-9 x 3-4.5&nbsp;cm) and, like the other parts of the plant, almost completely glabrous. Only on the upper side of the petiole and on the lower side of the lamina, next to the midrib, there is a thin, but conspicuous line of brown hairs. The flowers are solitary on short stalks in the leaf-axils, have a diameter of c. 4&nbsp;cm and white [[tepals]]. The fruits consist of 8-11 [[Gynoecium|apocarpous]] carpels that release the seeds at maturity.<ref name ="Brambach et al. 2013" />
This is a large, evergreen tree, up to 35 m tall and with a [[Diameter at breast height|dbh]] of up to 100&nbsp;cm. As with all other species of ''Magnolia'', the twigs have stipules that enclose the twig tips and leave conspicuous circular scars after falling off. The leaves are [[Phyllotaxis|spirally arranged]], usually oblong, rather small for a ''Magnolia'' (usually 6-9 x 3–4.5&nbsp;cm) and, like the other parts of the plant, almost completely glabrous. Only on the upper side of the petiole and on the lower side of the lamina, next to the midrib, there is a thin, but conspicuous line of brown hairs. The flowers are solitary on short stalks in the leaf-axils, have a diameter of c. 4&nbsp;cm and white [[tepals]]. The fruits consist of 8-11 [[Gynoecium|apocarpous]] carpels that release the seeds at maturity.<ref name ="Brambach et al. 2013" />


The combination of the hairs, flower position and low number of carpels is unique for the species and can be used to distinguish ''M. sulawesiana'' from all other species of ''[[Magnolia]]'' in Sulawesi.<ref name ="Brambach et al. 2013" />
The combination of the hairs, flower position and low number of carpels is unique for the species and can be used to distinguish ''M. sulawesiana'' from all other species of ''[[Magnolia]]'' in Sulawesi.<ref name ="Brambach et al. 2013" />


==Distribution and ecology==
==Distribution and ecology==
The species in only known from three sites, all located in the central mountain range of Sulawesi, including [[Lore Lindu National Park]]. There, it forms part of the canopy in moist [[Tropics|tropical]] montane forests at elevations of 1600 – 2200 m. It is currently the only species of ''[[Magnolia]]'' considered [[Endemism|endemic]] to Sulawesi.<ref name ="Brambach et al. 2013" />
The species in only known from three sites, all located in the central mountain range of Sulawesi, including [[Lore Lindu National Park]]. There, it forms part of the canopy in moist [[Tropics|tropical]] montane forests at elevations of {{convert|1600–2200|m}}.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /><ref name ="Brambach et al. 2013" /> It is currently the only species of ''[[Magnolia]]'' considered [[Endemism|endemic]] to Sulawesi.<ref name ="Brambach et al. 2013" />


==Uses==
==Uses==
While other species of ''Magnolia'', such as ''[[Magnolia tsiampacca|M. tsiampacca]]'' and ''[[Magnolia vrieseana|M. vrieseana]]'', are much sought after for their valuable timber,<ref>{{cite book|last=Koorders|first=SH|title=Verslag eener botanische dienstreis door de Minahasa, tevens eerste overzicht der flora van N. O. Celebes uit een wetenschappelijk en praktisch oogpunt.|date=1898|publisher=G. Kolff & Co|location=Batavia [Jakarta] - 's Gravenhage [Den Haag]|pages=i-xxvi, 1–716}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nooteboom|first1=HP|title=Magnoliaceae|journal=Flora Malesiana (Series I)|date=1988|volume=10|issue=3|page=598|url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/532558|accessdate=7 August 2015}}</ref> ''M. sulawesiana'' is currently not known to be exploited. This is possibly due to its occurrence at remote locations and high elevations.<ref name ="Brambach et al. 2013" />
While other species of ''Magnolia'', such as ''[[Magnolia tsiampacca|M. tsiampacca]]'' and ''[[Magnolia vrieseana|M. vrieseana]]'', are much sought after for their valuable timber,<ref>{{cite book|last=Koorders|first=SH|title=Verslag eener botanische dienstreis door de Minahasa, tevens eerste overzicht der flora van N. O. Celebes uit een wetenschappelijk en praktisch oogpunt.|date=1898|publisher=G. Kolff & Co|location=Batavia [Jakarta] - 's Gravenhage [Den Haag]|pages=i-xxvi, 1–716}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nooteboom|first1=HP|title=Magnoliaceae|journal=Flora Malesiana (Series I)|date=1988|volume=10|issue=3|page=598|url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/532558|access-date=7 August 2015}}</ref> ''M. sulawesiana'' is currently not known to be exploited. This is possibly due to its occurrence at remote locations and high elevations.<ref name ="Brambach et al. 2013" />


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
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*[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=488737 ''Magnolia sulawesiana'' in Kew`s World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]
*[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=488737 ''Magnolia sulawesiana'' in Kew`s World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q20817869}}
⚫
[[Category:Magnolia]]

⚫
[[Category:Magnolia|sulawesiana]]
[[Category:Paleotropical flora]]
[[Category:Paleotropical flora]]
[[Category:Flora of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of Sulawesi]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of Sulawesi]]
[[Category:Trees of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Flora of Malesia]]
[[Category:Flora of Sulawesi]]
[[Category:Trees of Malesia]]
[[Category:Trees of Sulawesi]]

Latest revision as of 18:05, 28 December 2023

Magnolia sulawesiana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Magnoliaceae
Genus: Magnolia
Subgenus: Magnolia subg. Yulania
Section: Magnolia sect. Michelia
Subsection: Magnolia subsect. Elmerrillia
Species:
M. sulawesiana
Binomial name
Magnolia sulawesiana
Brambach, Noot. & Culmsee[2][3]

Magnolia sulawesiana is a large evergreen tree of the family Magnoliaceae that grows in tropical montane forests on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi.

Description[edit]

This is a large, evergreen tree, up to 35 m tall and with a dbh of up to 100 cm. As with all other species of Magnolia, the twigs have stipules that enclose the twig tips and leave conspicuous circular scars after falling off. The leaves are spirally arranged, usually oblong, rather small for a Magnolia (usually 6-9 x 3–4.5 cm) and, like the other parts of the plant, almost completely glabrous. Only on the upper side of the petiole and on the lower side of the lamina, next to the midrib, there is a thin, but conspicuous line of brown hairs. The flowers are solitary on short stalks in the leaf-axils, have a diameter of c. 4 cm and white tepals. The fruits consist of 8-11 apocarpous carpels that release the seeds at maturity.[2]

The combination of the hairs, flower position and low number of carpels is unique for the species and can be used to distinguish M. sulawesiana from all other species of Magnolia in Sulawesi.[2]

Distribution and ecology[edit]

The species in only known from three sites, all located in the central mountain range of Sulawesi, including Lore Lindu National Park. There, it forms part of the canopy in moist tropical montane forests at elevations of 1,600–2,200 metres (5,200–7,200 ft).[1][2] It is currently the only species of Magnolia considered endemic to Sulawesi.[2]

Uses[edit]

While other species of Magnolia, such as M. tsiampacca and M. vrieseana, are much sought after for their valuable timber,[4][5] M. sulawesiana is currently not known to be exploited. This is possibly due to its occurrence at remote locations and high elevations.[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Rivers, M.C. (2016). "Magnolia sulawesiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T88981112A88981118. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T88981112A88981118.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Brambach, F; Nooteboom, HP; Culmsee, H (2013). "Magnolia sulawesiana described, and a key to the species of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) occurring in Sulawesi" (PDF). Blumea. 58 (3): 271–276. doi:10.3767/000651913X676817.
  3. ^ "Magnolia sulawesiana in The International Plant Names Index (2012)". IPNI. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  4. ^ Koorders, SH (1898). Verslag eener botanische dienstreis door de Minahasa, tevens eerste overzicht der flora van N. O. Celebes uit een wetenschappelijk en praktisch oogpunt. Batavia [Jakarta] - 's Gravenhage [Den Haag]: G. Kolff & Co. pp. i–xxvi, 1–716.
  5. ^ Nooteboom, HP (1988). "Magnoliaceae". Flora Malesiana (Series I). 10 (3): 598. Retrieved 7 August 2015.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnolia_sulawesiana&oldid=1192306098"