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| death_date = September 19, 1976
| death_date = September 19, 1976
| workplaces = [[University of Rochester]] <br> [[Bryn Mawr College]] <br> [[Hunter College]] <br>[[United States Rubber Company]] <br> [[Ballistic Research Laboratory]]
| workplaces = [[University of Rochester]] <br> [[Bryn Mawr College]] <br> [[Hunter College]] <br>[[United States Rubber Company]] <br> [[Ballistic Research Laboratory]]
| alma_mater = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
| alma_mater = [[Barnard College]]<br>[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
| influences = [[Niels Bohr]] <br> [[Werner Heisenberg]] <br> [[Karl Taylor Compton]]
}}
}}
'''Jane Mary Dewey''' (July 11, 1900 – September 19, 1976) was an American physicist.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Dewey, Jane Mary (1900-1965) · Jane Addams Digital Edition|url=https://digital.janeaddams.ramapo.edu/items/show/2077|access-date=2020-08-19|website=digital.janeaddams.ramapo.edu}}</ref>
'''Jane Mary Dewey''' (July 11, 1900 – September 19, 1976) was an American physicist.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Dewey, Jane Mary (1900–1965) · Jane Addams Digital Edition|url=https://digital.janeaddams.ramapo.edu/items/show/2077|access-date=2020-08-19|website=digital.janeaddams.ramapo.edu}}</ref>


== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==
Line 18: Line 17:


== Career ==
== Career ==
After graduating from MIT, Dewey worked for two years researching in the newly emergent field of [[quantum mechanics]] with [[Nobel Prize|Nobelist]] [[Niels Bohr]] and future-Nobelist [[Werner Heisenberg]] as a [[postdoctoral researcher]] at the Universitets Institut for Teoretisk Fysik in Copenhagen. During this time, she delivered a series of lectures on [[wave mechanics]] to the rest of Bohr's research team.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |title=Jane Dewey |date=2003-01-23 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/mart11676-028/html |work=Jane Dewey |pages=218–223 |access-date=2023-06-08 |publisher=Columbia University Press |language=en |doi=10.7312/mart11676-028 |isbn=978-0-231-50745-5}}</ref> She then moved to [[Princeton University]], where she worked with [[Karl Taylor Compton]] with support from a [[National Research Council (United States)|National Research Council]] fellowship. In 1929, she became a faculty member at the [[University of Rochester]], nominally under the geology department but in fact at the university's [[The Institute of Optics|Institute of Applied Optics]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Stroud |first=Carlos |date= |title=Jane Dewey: Pioneer in Quantum Optics |url=http://www2.optics.rochester.edu/~stroud/BookHTML/ChapI_pdf/I_05.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=The Institute of Optics}}</ref> Between her time at MIT and her time at Rochester, Dewey was a prolific author, publishing 8 articles in major science journals, the first being "Intensities in the Stark Effect of Helium," published in [[Physical Review]] in 1926.<ref name=":2" />
After graduating from MIT, Dewey worked for two years researching in the newly emergent field of [[quantum mechanics]] with [[Nobel Prize|Nobelist]] [[Niels Bohr]] and future-Nobelist [[Werner Heisenberg]] as a [[postdoctoral researcher]] at the [[Niels Bohr Institute|Universitets Institut for Teoretisk Fysik]] in Copenhagen. During this time, she delivered a series of lectures on [[Schrödinger equation|wave mechanics]] to the rest of Bohr's research team.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |chapter=Jane Dewey |date=2003-01-23 |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/mart11676-028/html |pages=218–223 |access-date=2023-06-08 |publisher=Columbia University Press |language=en |doi=10.7312/mart11676-028 |isbn=978-0-231-50745-5 |title=The Education of John Dewey }}</ref> She then moved to [[Princeton University]], where she worked with [[Karl Taylor Compton]] with support from a [[National Research Council (United States)|National Research Council]] fellowship. In 1929, she became a faculty member at the [[University of Rochester]], nominally under the geology department but in fact at the university's [[The Institute of Optics|Institute of Applied Optics]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Stroud |first=Carlos |date= |title=Jane Dewey: Pioneer in Quantum Optics |url=http://www2.optics.rochester.edu/~stroud/BookHTML/ChapI_pdf/I_05.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=The Institute of Optics}}</ref> Between her time at MIT and her time at Rochester, Dewey was a prolific author, publishing 8 articles in major science journals, the first being "Intensities in the Stark Effect of Helium," published in [[Physical Review]] in 1926.<ref name=":2" />


In 1931, Dewey left Rochester for [[Bryn Mawr College]], where she became an assistant professor in physics and, later, the chair of the department.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> That year, she was elected a Fellow of the [[American Physical Society]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=APS Fellow Archive|url=http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-19|website=[[American Physical Society]]|language=en}}</ref> and she soon took on the position of department chair. However, her marriage — to fellow physicist J. Alston Clark — broke apart, and her health worsened, forcing her to take medical leave. During her absence, Bryn Mawr replaced her as chair with a male physics professor ([[Walter C. Michels]]), and Dewey was unemployed until 1940, when she found a part-time instructor position at [[Hunter College]]. Her health suddenly restored, she moved to industry, taking a wartime job at the [[United States Rubber Company]] and then, in 1947, a staff position at the Army's [[Ballistic Research Laboratory]] (BRL) at [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]], where she headed the Terminal Ballistics Laboratory.<ref name=":1" />
In 1931, Dewey left Rochester for [[Bryn Mawr College]], where she became an assistant professor in physics and, later, the chair of the department.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> That year, she was elected a Fellow of the [[American Physical Society]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=APS Fellow Archive|url=http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-19|website=[[American Physical Society]]|language=en}}</ref> and she soon took on the position of department chair. However, her marriage — to fellow physicist J. Alston Clark — broke apart, and her health worsened, forcing her to take medical leave. During her absence, Bryn Mawr replaced her as chair with a male physics professor ([[Walter C. Michels]]), and Dewey was unemployed until 1940, when she found a part-time instructor position at [[Hunter College]]. Her health suddenly restored, she moved to industry, taking a wartime job at the [[United States Rubber Company]] and then, in 1947, a staff position at the Army's [[Ballistic Research Laboratory]] (BRL) at [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]], where she headed the Terminal Ballistics Laboratory.<ref name=":1" />


==Legacy==
==Legacy==
===Dewey-Mackenzie estimate===
===Dewey-Mackenzie estimate===
In a landmark paper,<ref>Jane M. Dewey, “The Elastic Constants of Materials Loaded with Non-Rigid Fillers,” ''J. Appl. Phys.'', 18(6):578-581 (1947).</ref> while at [[United States Rubber Company]], Dewey derived the [[Hooke's law|elastic constants]] of a solid material filled with non-rigid particles. In 1950, Mackenzie<ref>Mackenzie, J.K. (1950) "The elastic constants of a solid containing spherical holes," ''Proc. Phys. Soc. London'', Sect. B 63:2-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0370-1301/63/1/302</ref> presented a similar derivation for a solid containing spherical holes. They both made the assumption that the distribution of the inclusions is diffuse enough that neighboring inclusions do not affect one another. This has led to similar derivations using this assumption being called "Dewey-Mackenzie estimates."<ref>Rivka Gilat, Leslie Banks-Sills, ''Advances in Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Methods for Materials and Structures: The Jacob Aboudi Volume'', Springer Science & Business Media, Dec 18, 2009.</ref> Mackenzie’s solution may be considered a special case of the more general and difficult problem that Dewey set herself and succeeded in solving exactly. As of 2021, her paper has been cited over 130 times in scientific journals.<ref>[https://aip.scitation.org/doi/citedby/10.1063/1.1697691 Citations at American Institute of Physics]</ref> In fact, the approach in her original paper is now so well known that it is often referred to only indirectly, as a "Dewey-Mackenzie estimate," without citation.
In a landmark paper,<ref>Jane M. Dewey, “The Elastic Constants of Materials Loaded with Non-Rigid Fillers,” ''J. Appl. Phys.'', 18(6):578–581 (1947).</ref> while at [[United States Rubber Company]], Dewey derived the [[Hooke's law|elastic constants]] of a solid material filled with non-rigid particles. In 1950, Mackenzie<ref>Mackenzie, J.K. (1950) "The elastic constants of a solid containing spherical holes," ''Proc. Phys. Soc. London'', Sect. B 63:2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0370-1301/63/1/302</ref> presented a similar derivation for a solid containing spherical holes. They both made the assumption that the distribution of the inclusions is diffuse enough that neighboring inclusions do not affect one another. This has led to similar derivations using this assumption being called "Dewey-Mackenzie estimates."<ref>Rivka Gilat, Leslie Banks-Sills, ''Advances in Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Methods for Materials and Structures: The Jacob Aboudi Volume'', Springer Science & Business Media, Dec 18, 2009.</ref> Mackenzie's solution may be considered a special case of the more general and difficult problem that Dewey set herself and succeeded in solving exactly. As of 2021, her paper has been cited over 130 times in scientific journals.<ref>[https://aip.scitation.org/doi/citedby/10.1063/1.1697691 Citations at American Institute of Physics]</ref> In fact, the approach in her original paper is now so well known that it is often referred to only indirectly, as a "Dewey-Mackenzie estimate," without citation.


===Slade-Dewey equation===
===Slade-Dewey equation===
While at BRL, one of her contributions to [[Terminal ballistics|ballistic science]]<ref>D.C. Slade & J. Dewey, “High-Order Initiation of Two Military Explosives by Projectile Impact,” Ballistic Research Laboratory, Report No. 1021, July 1957. AD 145868</ref> has come to be known as the Slade-Dewey equation,<ref>W.H. Andersen & N.A. Louie, “Projectile Impact Ignition Characteristics of Propellants I. Deflagrating Composite Explosive,” ''Combustion Science and Technology'', 20(3-4):153-160, 1979.</ref> which empirically relates the critical impact velocity ''V<sub>t</sub>'' for initiating detonation of a solid [[secondary explosive]] or [[Propellant#Solid propellant|propellant]] to the diameter ''d'' of an impacting projectile, <math>V_t = A / \sqrt{d} + B</math>, where ''A'' and ''B'' are empirical constants that depend on the explosive.
While at BRL, one of her contributions to [[Terminal ballistics|ballistic science]]<ref>D.C. Slade & J. Dewey, “High-Order Initiation of Two Military Explosives by Projectile Impact,” Ballistic Research Laboratory, Report No. 1021, July 1957. AD 145868</ref> has come to be known as the Slade-Dewey equation,<ref>W.H. Andersen & N.A. Louie, “Projectile Impact Ignition Characteristics of Propellants I. Deflagrating Composite Explosive,” ''Combustion Science and Technology'', 20(3–4):153–160, 1979.</ref> which empirically relates the critical impact velocity ''V<sub>t</sub>'' for initiating detonation of a solid [[secondary explosive]] or [[Propellant#Solid propellant|propellant]] to the diameter ''d'' of an impacting projectile, <math>V_t = A / \sqrt{d} + B</math>, where ''A'' and ''B'' are empirical constants that depend on the explosive.


== Selected publications ==
== Selected publications ==
*{{Cite journal|last=Dewey|first=Jane M.|date=1926-12-01|title=Intensities in the Stark Effect of Helium|url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.28.1108|journal=Physical Review|language=en|volume=28|issue=6|pages=1108–1124|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.28.1108|issn=0031-899X}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Dewey|first=Jane M.|date=1926-12-01|title=Intensities in the Stark Effect of Helium|url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.28.1108|journal=Physical Review|language=en|volume=28|issue=6|pages=1108–1124|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.28.1108|issn=0031-899X}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Keyes|first=Frederick G.|last2=Dewey|first2=Jane|date=1927-06-01|title=An Experimental Study of the Piston Pressure Gage to Six Hundred Atmospheres|url=https://www.osapublishing.org/josa/abstract.cfm?uri=josa-14-6-491|journal=J. Opt. Soc. Am.|language=EN|volume=14|issue=6|pages=491–504|doi=10.1364/JOSA.14.000491}}
*{{Cite journal|last1=Keyes|first1=Frederick G.|last2=Dewey|first2=Jane|date=1927-06-01|title=An Experimental Study of the Piston Pressure Gage to Six Hundred Atmospheres|url=https://www.osapublishing.org/josa/abstract.cfm?uri=josa-14-6-491|journal=J. Opt. Soc. Am.|language=EN|volume=14|issue=6|pages=491–504|doi=10.1364/JOSA.14.000491}}
*{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Dewey |first=Jane M. |title=Biography of John Dewey |encyclopedia=The Philosophy of John Dewey |publisher=Tudor Publishing Co. |year=1939 |pages=3–45 |editor-first=P. A. |editor-last=Schilpp |editor-link=Paul Arthur Schilpp}}
*{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Dewey |first=Jane M. |title=Biography of John Dewey |encyclopedia=The Philosophy of John Dewey |publisher=Tudor Publishing Co. |year=1939 |pages=3–45 |editor-first=P. A. |editor-last=Schilpp |editor-link=Paul Arthur Schilpp}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Dewey|first=Jane M.|date=June 1947|title=The Elastic Constants of Materials Loaded with Non‐Rigid Fillers|url=http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1697691|journal=Journal of Applied Physics|language=en|volume=18|issue=6|pages=578–581|doi=10.1063/1.1697691|issn=0021-8979}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Dewey|first=Jane M.|date=June 1947|title=The Elastic Constants of Materials Loaded with Non‐Rigid Fillers|url=http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1697691|journal=Journal of Applied Physics|language=en|volume=18|issue=6|pages=578–581|doi=10.1063/1.1697691|issn=0021-8979}}

Revision as of 00:57, 27 January 2024

Jane Mary Dewey
Jane Dewey, AIP in Washington
BornJuly 11, 1900
DiedSeptember 19, 1976
Alma materBarnard College
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of Rochester
Bryn Mawr College
Hunter College
United States Rubber Company
Ballistic Research Laboratory

Jane Mary Dewey (July 11, 1900 – September 19, 1976) was an American physicist.[1]

Early life and education

Jane Mary Dewey was born in Chicago, the daughter (and sixth child) of philosopher John Dewey and educator Alice Chipman Dewey.[1][2] Her parents named her in honor of Jane Addams, an activist, sociologist and reformer; and Mary Rozet Smith, a philanthropist who was Addams's longtime companion.[1]

She was educated at the Ethical Culture School and then the Spence School, after which she attended Barnard College, graduating in 1922. She moved from New York to New England for graduate studies, earning a PhD in Physical Chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1925.[1]

Career

After graduating from MIT, Dewey worked for two years researching in the newly emergent field of quantum mechanics with Nobelist Niels Bohr and future-Nobelist Werner Heisenberg as a postdoctoral researcher at the Universitets Institut for Teoretisk Fysik in Copenhagen. During this time, she delivered a series of lectures on wave mechanics to the rest of Bohr's research team.[3] She then moved to Princeton University, where she worked with Karl Taylor Compton with support from a National Research Council fellowship. In 1929, she became a faculty member at the University of Rochester, nominally under the geology department but in fact at the university's Institute of Applied Optics.[4] Between her time at MIT and her time at Rochester, Dewey was a prolific author, publishing 8 articles in major science journals, the first being "Intensities in the Stark Effect of Helium," published in Physical Review in 1926.[3]

In 1931, Dewey left Rochester for Bryn Mawr College, where she became an assistant professor in physics and, later, the chair of the department.[3][1][4] That year, she was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society,[5] and she soon took on the position of department chair. However, her marriage — to fellow physicist J. Alston Clark — broke apart, and her health worsened, forcing her to take medical leave. During her absence, Bryn Mawr replaced her as chair with a male physics professor (Walter C. Michels), and Dewey was unemployed until 1940, when she found a part-time instructor position at Hunter College. Her health suddenly restored, she moved to industry, taking a wartime job at the United States Rubber Company and then, in 1947, a staff position at the Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL) at Aberdeen Proving Ground, where she headed the Terminal Ballistics Laboratory.[4]

Legacy

Dewey-Mackenzie estimate

In a landmark paper,[6] while at United States Rubber Company, Dewey derived the elastic constants of a solid material filled with non-rigid particles. In 1950, Mackenzie[7] presented a similar derivation for a solid containing spherical holes. They both made the assumption that the distribution of the inclusions is diffuse enough that neighboring inclusions do not affect one another. This has led to similar derivations using this assumption being called "Dewey-Mackenzie estimates."[8] Mackenzie's solution may be considered a special case of the more general and difficult problem that Dewey set herself and succeeded in solving exactly. As of 2021, her paper has been cited over 130 times in scientific journals.[9] In fact, the approach in her original paper is now so well known that it is often referred to only indirectly, as a "Dewey-Mackenzie estimate," without citation.

Slade-Dewey equation

While at BRL, one of her contributions to ballistic science[10] has come to be known as the Slade-Dewey equation,[11] which empirically relates the critical impact velocity Vt for initiating detonation of a solid secondary explosive or propellant to the diameter d of an impacting projectile, , where A and B are empirical constants that depend on the explosive.

Selected publications

  • Dewey, Jane M. (1926-12-01). "Intensities in the Stark Effect of Helium". Physical Review. 28 (6): 1108–1124. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.28.1108. ISSN 0031-899X.
  • Keyes, Frederick G.; Dewey, Jane (1927-06-01). "An Experimental Study of the Piston Pressure Gage to Six Hundred Atmospheres". J. Opt. Soc. Am. 14 (6): 491–504. doi:10.1364/JOSA.14.000491.
  • Dewey, Jane M. (1939). "Biography of John Dewey". In Schilpp, P. A. (ed.). The Philosophy of John Dewey. Tudor Publishing Co. pp. 3–45.
  • Dewey, Jane M. (June 1947). "The Elastic Constants of Materials Loaded with Non‐Rigid Fillers". Journal of Applied Physics. 18 (6): 578–581. doi:10.1063/1.1697691. ISSN 0021-8979.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Dewey, Jane Mary (1900–1965) · Jane Addams Digital Edition". digital.janeaddams.ramapo.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-19.
  2. ^ "Dewey, Alice Chipman (1858–1927) | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-08-19.
  3. ^ a b c "Jane Dewey", The Education of John Dewey, Columbia University Press, 2003-01-23, pp. 218–223, doi:10.7312/mart11676-028, ISBN 978-0-231-50745-5, retrieved 2023-06-08
  4. ^ a b c Stroud, Carlos. "Jane Dewey: Pioneer in Quantum Optics" (PDF). The Institute of Optics.
  5. ^ "APS Fellow Archive". American Physical Society. Retrieved 2020-08-19.
  6. ^ Jane M. Dewey, “The Elastic Constants of Materials Loaded with Non-Rigid Fillers,” J. Appl. Phys., 18(6):578–581 (1947).
  7. ^ Mackenzie, J.K. (1950) "The elastic constants of a solid containing spherical holes," Proc. Phys. Soc. London, Sect. B 63:2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0370-1301/63/1/302
  8. ^ Rivka Gilat, Leslie Banks-Sills, Advances in Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Methods for Materials and Structures: The Jacob Aboudi Volume, Springer Science & Business Media, Dec 18, 2009.
  9. ^ Citations at American Institute of Physics
  10. ^ D.C. Slade & J. Dewey, “High-Order Initiation of Two Military Explosives by Projectile Impact,” Ballistic Research Laboratory, Report No. 1021, July 1957. AD 145868
  11. ^ W.H. Andersen & N.A. Louie, “Projectile Impact Ignition Characteristics of Propellants I. Deflagrating Composite Explosive,” Combustion Science and Technology, 20(3–4):153–160, 1979.