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{{Short description|Austrian Yiddish linguist and Hebrew paleographer}}
{{unreferenced|date=September 2008}}
'''Solomon Birnbaum''', also ''Salomo'', ''Solomon A'' or ''Solomon Asher'', (December 24, 1891 in [[Vienna]] – December 28, 1989 in [[Toronto]]) was a Yiddish linguist and Hebrew [[paleography|paleographer]].
'''Solomon Asher Birnbaum''', also ''Salomo Birnbaum'' ({{lang-yi|שלמה בירנבוים}} ''Shloyme Birnboym'', December 24, 1891 in [[Vienna]] – December 28, 1989 in [[Toronto]]) was a [[Yiddishist movement|Yiddish linguist]] and Hebrew [[palaeography|palaeographer]].<ref name=HandbuchONB>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=QnrPXZ_eT44C&pg=PA126 Birnbaum, Salomo (Solomon Asher Birnbaum)]" (2002). In: ''Handbuch österreichischer Autorinnen und Autoren jüdischer Herkunft, 18. bis 20. Jahrhundert''. Ed. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna. Vol. 1, A-I. Munich: Saur. p. 126.</ref><ref name=EncycJudaica>{{cite EJ|title=Birnbaum, Solomon Asher|volume=3|page=716}}</ref>


==Career==
==Biography==
Birnbaum was the oldest son of [[Nathan Birnbaum]] and Rosa Korngut. His father was an [[History of the Jews in Austria|Austrian Jew]] of [[History of the Jews in Hungary|Hungarian-Jewish]] descent. He served in [[World War I]] in the [[Austro-Hungarian Army]], and then studied and attained a doctorate from the [[University of Würzburg]]. From 1922 to 1933, he filled the first worldwide Yiddish Chair at the [[University of Hamburg]]. After the rise of the [[National Socialist German Workers Party]] (Nazis) in Germany, Birnbaum escaped with his wife, Irene Gruenwald and his children to [[Great Britain]].
Birnbaum (1891-1989), born in Vienna, was the oldest son of [[Nathan Birnbaum]] and Rosa Korngut.<ref name=HandbuchONB/> He was an [[History of the Jews in Austria|Austrian Jew]] of [[Galician Jews|West Galician]] descent.


Solomon Birnbaum served in [[World War I]] in the [[Austro-Hungarian Army]], and then studied and attained a doctorate from the [[University of Würzburg]],<ref name=HandbuchONB/> specializing in [[languages of Asia]].<ref name=EncycJudaica/> From 1922 to 1933, he was an external lecturer of Yiddish at the [[University of Hamburg]].<ref name=EncycJudaica/> After the rise of the [[Nazi Party]] in Germany, in 1933 Birnbaum emigrated to [[Great Britain]] with his wife, Irene Grünwald,<ref name=HandbuchONB-Jakob>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=QnrPXZ_eT44C&pg=PA125 Birnbaum, Jakob]" (2002). In: ''Handbuch österreichischer Autorinnen und Autoren jüdischer Herkunft, 18. bis 20. Jahrhundert''. Ed. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna. Vol. 1, A-I. Munich: Saur. p. 125.</ref> and his children, in 1933.<ref name=EncycJudaica/>
⚫
From 1936 to 1957, Birnbaum was a lecturer on Hebrew paleography and [[epigraphy]] at the ''School of Oriental and African Studies'' of the [[University of London]]. Starting in 1938, he taught Yiddish at the same time at the ''School of Slavonic and East European Studies '' of the University of London. During [[World War II]], Birnbaum worked in the postal censorship for the British authorities. In 1970, Birnbaum immigrated to Toronto, [[Canada]].

<!-- zu Werk und Wirkung siehe Diskussion -->
⚫
From 1936 to 1957, Birnbaum was a lecturer on Hebrew paleography and [[epigraphy]] at the School of Oriental and African Studies of the [[University of London]]. He taught Yiddish at the same time at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies of the University of London, from 1939 to 1958.<ref name=EncycJudaica/> During [[World War II]], Birnbaum worked in the postal censorship for the British authorities. In 1970, he immigrated to Toronto, [[Canada]].<ref name=EncycJudaica/>

Solomon Birnbaum is the father of [[Jacob Birnbaum]], who, after his emigration to New York in 1963, helped to found the [[Soviet Jewry Movement]].<ref name=EncycJudaica/><ref name=HandbuchONB-Jakob/>


== Publications ==
== Publications ==


* ''Praktische Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache''; Vienna and Leipzig, 1918;''Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache'', Hamburg: editions 1966, 1979, 1984, 1988.
* ''Praktische Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache'', Vienna and Leipzig, 1918; ''Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache'', Hamburg: editions 1966, 1979, 1984, 1988
* ''Leben und Worte des Balschemm''; 1920
* ''Leben und Worte des Balschemm'', 1920
* ''Das hebräische und aramäische Element in der jiddischen Sprache''; 1921 (Dissertation)
* ''Das hebräische und aramäische Element in der jiddischen Sprache'', 1921 (dissertation)
* ''Die jiddische Sprache''; in: Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift (1923)
* "Die jiddische Sprache," in: ''Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift'' (1923)
* ''Die Umschrift des Jiddischen''; in: Teuthonista (1933)
* "Die Umschrift des Jiddischen," in: ''Teuthonista'' (1933)
* ''the Age of the Yiddish Language''; in: ''Transactions of the Philological Society'', London 1939
* "The Age of the Yiddish Language," in: ''Transactions of the Philological Society'', London (1939)
* ''Jewish Languages''; in: ''Essays in Honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J.H. Hertz'', London 1944 (1942)
* "Jewish Languages," in: ''Essays in Honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J.H. Hertz'', London, 1942
* ''Yiddish Phrase Book''; hg. v. The Linguaphone Institute for The Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad, London 1945
* ''Yiddish Phrase Book'', published by The Linguaphone Institute for The Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad, London, 1945
* ''The Cultural Structure of East Ashkenazic Jewry''; in: ''[[The Slavonic and East European Review]]'', London 1946
* "The Cultural Structure of East Ashkenazic Jewry," in: ''[[The Slavonic and East European Review]]'', London (1946)
* ''The Verb in the Bukharic Language of Samarkand''; in: Archivum Linguisticum 2 (1950/51)
* "The Verb in the Bukharic Language of Samarkand," in: ''Archivum Linguisticum'', 2 (1950/51)
* ''How old are the Cave Manuscripts?'', in: ''[[Vetus Testamentum]]'' (1951)
* "How Old are the Cave Manuscripts?" in: ''[[Vetus Testamentum]]'' (1951)
* ''The Hebrew Scripts''; 2 Bde., Leiden 1954–57, 1971
* ''The Hebrew Scripts'', 2 vols., Leiden, 1954–57, 1971
* ''Die jiddische Sprache''; Hamburg 1974, 1986, 1997
* ''Die jiddische Sprache'', Hamburg 1974, 1986, 1997
* ''Yiddish – A Survey and a Grammar'', Toronto 1979
* ''Yiddish – A Survey and a Grammar'', Toronto, 1979
* ''Zur Geschichte der u-Laute im Jiddischen''; in: Zeitschrift für Deutsche Philologie (1981)
* "Zur Geschichte der u-Laute im Jiddischen," in: ''Zeitschrift für Deutsche Philologie'' (1981)
* ''Yiddish, A Survey and a Grammar'', 2nd edition, with additional essays etc by David Birnbaum, Eleazar Birnbaum, Kalman Weiser, Jean Baumgarten. Toronto, 2016

==References==
* [[Erika Timm]], Eleazar Birnbaum, David Birnbaum (eds) "Salomo/Solomon A. Birnbaum: Ein Leben fuer die Wissenschaft/A Lifetime of Achievement", Berlin/Boston, 2011. (2 vols). 62 articles over a range of over 60 years by Solomon A. Birnbaum on the linguistics of Yiddish (and other Jewish languages), and on Hebrew Palaeography. Contains a biography (in both German and English), and bibliography of books and articles in English, German and Yiddish.
* David Birnbaum, "Salomo Birnbaum's experiences at Hamburg University", in: Key Documents of German-Jewish History, August 22, 2018, {{doi|10.23691/jgo:article-206.en.v1}}

{{reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Birnbaum, Solomon
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Austrian linguist
| DATE OF BIRTH = December 24, 1891
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = December 28, 1989
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Birnbaum, Solomon}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Birnbaum, Solomon}}
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:Austrian Jews]]
[[Category:Austrian Jews]]
[[Category:German Jews]]
[[Category:Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:English Jews]]
[[Category:Canadian Jews]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Austrian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Hungarian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Austrian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Austrian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Austrian linguists]]
[[Category:Linguists from Austria]]
[[Category:Linguists of Yiddish]]
[[Category:Linguists of Yiddish]]
[[Category:Grammarians of Yiddish]]
[[Category:Yiddish-speaking people]]
[[Category:People from Vienna]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Vienna]]
[[Category:20th-century linguists]]

Latest revision as of 17:55, 20 February 2024

Solomon Asher Birnbaum, also Salomo Birnbaum (Yiddish: שלמה בירנבוים Shloyme Birnboym, December 24, 1891 in Vienna – December 28, 1989 in Toronto) was a Yiddish linguist and Hebrew palaeographer.[1][2]

Biography[edit]

Birnbaum (1891-1989), born in Vienna, was the oldest son of Nathan Birnbaum and Rosa Korngut.[1] He was an Austrian Jew of West Galician descent.

Solomon Birnbaum served in World War I in the Austro-Hungarian Army, and then studied and attained a doctorate from the University of Würzburg,[1] specializing in languages of Asia.[2] From 1922 to 1933, he was an external lecturer of Yiddish at the University of Hamburg.[2] After the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany, in 1933 Birnbaum emigrated to Great Britain with his wife, Irene Grünwald,[3] and his children, in 1933.[2]

From 1936 to 1957, Birnbaum was a lecturer on Hebrew paleography and epigraphy at the School of Oriental and African Studies of the University of London. He taught Yiddish at the same time at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies of the University of London, from 1939 to 1958.[2] During World War II, Birnbaum worked in the postal censorship for the British authorities. In 1970, he immigrated to Toronto, Canada.[2]

Solomon Birnbaum is the father of Jacob Birnbaum, who, after his emigration to New York in 1963, helped to found the Soviet Jewry Movement.[2][3]

Publications[edit]

  • Praktische Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache, Vienna and Leipzig, 1918; Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache, Hamburg: editions 1966, 1979, 1984, 1988
  • Leben und Worte des Balschemm, 1920
  • Das hebräische und aramäische Element in der jiddischen Sprache, 1921 (dissertation)
  • "Die jiddische Sprache," in: Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift (1923)
  • "Die Umschrift des Jiddischen," in: Teuthonista (1933)
  • "The Age of the Yiddish Language," in: Transactions of the Philological Society, London (1939)
  • "Jewish Languages," in: Essays in Honour of the Very Rev. Dr. J.H. Hertz, London, 1942
  • Yiddish Phrase Book, published by The Linguaphone Institute for The Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad, London, 1945
  • "The Cultural Structure of East Ashkenazic Jewry," in: The Slavonic and East European Review, London (1946)
  • "The Verb in the Bukharic Language of Samarkand," in: Archivum Linguisticum, 2 (1950/51)
  • "How Old are the Cave Manuscripts?" in: Vetus Testamentum (1951)
  • The Hebrew Scripts, 2 vols., Leiden, 1954–57, 1971
  • Die jiddische Sprache, Hamburg 1974, 1986, 1997
  • Yiddish – A Survey and a Grammar, Toronto, 1979
  • "Zur Geschichte der u-Laute im Jiddischen," in: Zeitschrift für Deutsche Philologie (1981)
  • Yiddish, A Survey and a Grammar, 2nd edition, with additional essays etc by David Birnbaum, Eleazar Birnbaum, Kalman Weiser, Jean Baumgarten. Toronto, 2016

References[edit]

  • Erika Timm, Eleazar Birnbaum, David Birnbaum (eds) "Salomo/Solomon A. Birnbaum: Ein Leben fuer die Wissenschaft/A Lifetime of Achievement", Berlin/Boston, 2011. (2 vols). 62 articles over a range of over 60 years by Solomon A. Birnbaum on the linguistics of Yiddish (and other Jewish languages), and on Hebrew Palaeography. Contains a biography (in both German and English), and bibliography of books and articles in English, German and Yiddish.
  • David Birnbaum, "Salomo Birnbaum's experiences at Hamburg University", in: Key Documents of German-Jewish History, August 22, 2018, doi:10.23691/jgo:article-206.en.v1
  1. ^ a b c "Birnbaum, Salomo (Solomon Asher Birnbaum)" (2002). In: Handbuch österreichischer Autorinnen und Autoren jüdischer Herkunft, 18. bis 20. Jahrhundert. Ed. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna. Vol. 1, A-I. Munich: Saur. p. 126.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred, eds. (2007). "Birnbaum, Solomon Asher". Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. p. 716. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4.
  3. ^ a b "Birnbaum, Jakob" (2002). In: Handbuch österreichischer Autorinnen und Autoren jüdischer Herkunft, 18. bis 20. Jahrhundert. Ed. Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna. Vol. 1, A-I. Munich: Saur. p. 125.
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