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{{Short description|North Korean composer of the national anthem (1917–2002)}}
{{Short description|Composer of the North Korean anthem (1917–2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{family name hatnote|Kim||lang=Korean}}
{{family name hatnote|Kim||lang=Korean}}
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|01|02|df=yes}} <!-- (Use {{Birth date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} if still living) No flag icons.
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|01|02|df=yes}} <!-- (Use {{Birth date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} if still living) No flag icons.
For living people supply only the year unless the exact date is already WIDELY published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. Treat such cases as if only the year is known, so use {{tl|birth year and age}} or a similar option. -->
For living people supply only the year unless the exact date is already WIDELY published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. Treat such cases as if only the year is known, so use {{tl|birth year and age}} or a similar option. -->
| birth_place = [[Wonsan]], [[Kangwon Province (North Korea)|Kangwon Province]], [[Korea under Japanese rule|Korea]]<ref name="Seoul2002"/>
| birth_place = [[Wonsan]], [[Kōgen-dō]] ([[Gangwon Province (Korea)|Gangwon Province]]), [[Korea under Japanese rule|Korea, Empire of Japan]]<ref name="Seoul2002"/>
| baptised = <!-- Use Baptised if Born date is unavailable, do not use both -->
| baptised = <!-- Use Baptised if Born date is unavailable, do not use both -->
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2002|04|05|1917|01|02|df=yes}} <!-- (death date then birth) -->
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2002|04|05|1917|01|02|df=yes}} <!-- (death date then birth) -->
| flourished = <!-- Use as a substitute for Born and Died where appropriate. -->
| flourished = <!-- Use as a substitute for Born and Died where appropriate. -->
| ethnicity = Korean
| notable_family = <!-- e.g. [[Bach family]], [[Mozart family]], etc. Include only those with "family" articles. -->
| notable_family = <!-- e.g. [[Bach family]], [[Mozart family]], etc. Include only those with "family" articles. -->
| era = 20th century<!-- Suggest: Ancient, Biblical, Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic,
| era = 20th century<!-- Suggest: Ancient, Biblical, Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic,
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| image =
| image =
| caption =
| caption =
| text = <ref name="Seoul2002">{{cite book|author=Yonhap News Agency, Seoul|title=North Korea Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIlh9nNeadMC&pg=PR39|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=27 December 2002|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-3523-5|page=39}}</ref><ref name="nk.j_북한네트">{{Cite web | script-title = ko:국가(國歌) | title = Gukka | work = JoongAng Ilbo | accessdate = 5 July 2015 | url = http://nk.joins.com/dic/view.asp?idx=20001221120905 | language = Korean }}</ref><ref name="Ginsburgs1974">{{cite book|author=George Ginsburgs|title=Soviet Works on Korea, 1945-1970: Prepared for the Joint Committee on Korean Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science Research Council|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AlDjAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=5 July 2015|year=1974|publisher=University of Southern California Press|page=137}}</ref>
| text = <ref name="Seoul2002">{{cite book|author=Yonhap News Agency, Seoul|title=North Korea Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIlh9nNeadMC&pg=PR39|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=27 December 2002|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-3523-5|page=39}}</ref><ref name="nk.j_북한네트">{{Cite web | script-title = ko:국가(國歌) | title = Gukka | work=[[JoongAng Ilbo]] | accessdate = 5 July 2015 | url = http://nk.joins.com/dic/view.asp?idx=20001221120905 | language = Korean }}</ref><ref name="Ginsburgs1974">{{cite book|author=George Ginsburgs|title=Soviet Works on Korea, 1945-1970: Prepared for the Joint Committee on Korean Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science Research Council|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AlDjAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=5 July 2015|year=1974|publisher=University of Southern California Press|page=137}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''Kim Won-gyun''' ({{korean|context=north|hangul = 김원균}}; 2 January 1917 – 5 April 2002)<ref name="web._내나라">{{Cite web| script-title = ko:내나라| trans-title = Kim Won-gyun| work = Naenara| archive-date = 13 August 2009| accessdate = 5 July 2015| url=http://www.kcckp.net/ko/art/artist/index.php?3| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090813223514/http://www.kcckp.net/ko/art/artist/index.php?3| url-status=dead| language = Korean}}</ref> was a [[North Korea]]n composer and politician. He is considered one of the most prominent,<ref name="Hoare2012"/> if not the most celebrated,<ref name="Korpe2004">{{cite book|author=Marie Korpe|title=Shoot the Singer!: Music Censorship Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Yc0xnSfS8EC&pg=PA220|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=4 September 2004|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1-84277-505-9|page=220}}</ref> composer of North Korea. He composed "[[Aegukka]]"&nbsp;— the national anthem of the country&nbsp;— and "[[Song of General Kim Il-sung]]", in addition to [[Korean revolutionary opera|revolutionary operas]].<ref name="Hoare2012">{{cite book|author=James E. Hoare|title=Historical Dictionary of Democratic People's Republic of Korea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rh5h4bZgkhEC&pg=PA224|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=13 July 2012|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7987-4|page=224}}</ref>
'''Kim Won-gyun''' ({{korean|context=north|hangul = 김원균}}; 2 January 1917 – 5 April 2002)<ref name="web._내나라">{{Cite web| script-title = ko:내나라| trans-title = Kim Won-gyun| work=[[Naenara]]| archive-date = 13 August 2009| accessdate = 5 July 2015| url=http://www.kcckp.net/ko/art/artist/index.php?3| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090813223514/http://www.kcckp.net/ko/art/artist/index.php?3| url-status=dead| language = Korean}}</ref> was a [[North Korea]]n composer and politician. He is considered one of the most prominent,<ref name="Hoare2012"/> if not the most celebrated,<ref name="Korpe2004">{{cite book|author=Marie Korpe|title=Shoot the Singer!: Music Censorship Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Yc0xnSfS8EC&pg=PA220|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=4 September 2004|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1-84277-505-9|page=220}}</ref> composer of North Korea. He composed "[[Aegukka]]"&nbsp;— the national anthem of the country&nbsp;— and "[[Song of General Kim Il-sung]]", in addition to [[Korean revolutionary opera|revolutionary operas]].<ref name="Hoare2012">{{cite book|author=James E. Hoare|title=Historical Dictionary of Democratic People's Republic of Korea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rh5h4bZgkhEC&pg=PA224|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=13 July 2012|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7987-4|page=224}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
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| type = music
| type = music
}}
}}
In his youth, Kim Won-gyun attended high school but dropped out after three grades.<ref name="web._내나라"/> After the [[liberation of Korea]], he wrote his first composition: "March of Korea".<ref name="webc_">{{Cite web | title = Kim Won Gyun, World-famous Composer | agency = KCNA | date = 4 May 2018 | archive-date = 17 May 2018 | url = http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2018/201805/news04/20180504-10ee.html | archive-url = http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:QZfykdgXzsMJ:www.kcna.co.jp/item/2018/201805/news04/20180504-10ee.html }}</ref> Before his musical career, Kim had been only "a farmer who just happened to write [the] 'Song of General Kim Il Sung{{' "}}.<ref name="Korpe2004"/> That was in 1946, very early into the [[cult of personality of Kim Il-sung]]; the song was the first work of art that verifiably mentions [[Kim Il-sung]].<ref name="Lim2015">{{cite book|author=Jae-Cheon Lim|title=Leader Symbols and Personality Cult in North Korea: The Leader State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yswqBwAAQBAJ&pg=PP2|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=24 March 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-56741-7|page=29}}</ref> After the success of the song, he was asked to compose "[[Aegukka]]". As a musician, he was initially self-taught but went to Moscow in order to study there.<ref>{{cite book|last=Portal|first=Jane|title=Art Under Control in North Korea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWH05CbG02kC&pg=PA187|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=15 August 2005|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-86189-236-2|pages=92–93}}</ref> At some point he attended a music school in Japan.<ref name="Hoare2012"/> By 1947, when "Aegukka" was adapted as the national anthem,<ref name="Inc.2015">{{cite book|author=IBP, Inc.|title=Korea North Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6W6-CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA18|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=13 April 2015|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-4330-2780-2|page=18}}</ref> he had risen in status.<ref name="Korpe2004"/> Other compositions by Kim include: "Democratic Youth March", "Our Supreme Commander", "Glory to the Workers' Party of Korea", "Sunrise on Mt. Paektu", "Steel-strong Ranks Advance", "Song of Great National Unity",<ref name="kcna_Past"/> "We Rush Forward in Spirit of Chollima", and "Song of Anti-Imperialist Struggle".<ref>{{cite web|date=10 March 1997|title=Kim Won Gyun concert|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/1997/9703/news3/10.htm#5|agency=KCNA|access-date=5 July 2015}}</ref>
In his youth, Kim Won-gyun attended high school but dropped out after three grades.<ref name="web._내나라"/> After the [[liberation of Korea]], he wrote his first composition: "March of Korea".<ref name="webc_">{{Cite web | title = Kim Won Gyun, World-famous Composer | agency = KCNA | date = 4 May 2018 | url = http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2018/201805/news04/20180504-10ee.html }}</ref> Before his musical career, Kim had been only "a farmer who just happened to write [the] 'Song of General Kim Il Sung{{' "}}.<ref name="Korpe2004"/> That was in 1946, very early into the [[cult of personality of Kim Il-sung]]; the song was the first work of art that verifiably mentions [[Kim Il Sung]], then leader of [[Workers' Party of North Korea]], one of precursors of WPK.<ref name="Lim2015">{{cite book|author=Jae-Cheon Lim|title=Leader Symbols and Personality Cult in North Korea: The Leader State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yswqBwAAQBAJ&pg=PP2|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=24 March 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-56741-7|page=29}}</ref> After the success of the song, he was asked to compose "[[Aegukka]]". As a musician, he was initially self-taught but went to Moscow in order to study there.<ref>{{cite book|last=Portal|first=Jane|title=Art Under Control in North Korea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWH05CbG02kC&pg=PA187|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=15 August 2005|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-86189-236-2|pages=92–93}}</ref> At some point he attended a music school in Japan.<ref name="Hoare2012"/> By 1947, when "Aegukka" was adapted as the national anthem of [[Provisional People's Committee of North Korea]],<ref name="Inc.2015">{{cite book|author=IBP, Inc.|title=Korea North Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6W6-CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA18|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=13 April 2015|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-4330-2780-2|page=18}}</ref> he had risen in status.<ref name="Korpe2004"/> Other compositions by Kim include: "Democratic Youth March", "Our Supreme Commander", "Glory to the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK)", "Sunrise on [[Paektu Mountain|Mt. Paektu]]", "Steel-strong Ranks Advance", "Song of [[Korean reunification|Great National Unity]]",<ref name="kcna_Past"/> "We Rush Forward in Spirit of [[Chollima Movement|Chollima]]", and "Song of Anti-Imperialist Struggle".<ref>{{cite web|date=10 March 1997|title=Kim Won Gyun concert|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/1997/9703/news3/10.htm#5|agency=KCNA|access-date=5 July 2015|archive-date=12 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012034549/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/1997/9703/news3/10.htm#5|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Kim is credited with contributing to "the creation of the 'Sea of Blood' -type revolutionary operas".<ref name="kcna_Past">{{Cite web | title = Famous Musician Kim Won Gyun | agency = KCNA | date = 30 June 2006 | accessdate = 5 July 2015 | url = http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2006/200607/news07/01.htm#10 }}</ref> It is possible that he worked on the operatic version of ''[[Sea of Blood]]'' and a symphony based on music from the opera.<ref name="Randall2004">{{cite book|author=Keith Howard|chapter=Dancing for the Eternal President|editor=Annie J. Randall|title=Music, Power, and Politics|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22iUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT178|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=22 December 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1-135-94690-6|pages=130, 178}}</ref> He is also credited with the opera ''[[Chirisan (opera)|Chirisan]]''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Korea|encyclopedia=The Great Soviet Encyclopedia|edition=3rd|date=1970–1979|publisher=The Gale Group| accessdate = 5 July 2015|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Korea|via=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref>
Kim is credited with contributing to "the creation of the 'Sea of Blood' -type revolutionary operas".<ref name="kcna_Past">{{Cite web | title = Famous Musician Kim Won Gyun | agency = KCNA | date = 30 June 2006 | accessdate = 5 July 2015 | url = http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2006/200607/news07/01.htm#10 | archive-date = 12 October 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141012092559/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2006/200607/news07/01.htm#10 | url-status = dead }}</ref> It is possible that he worked on the operatic version of ''[[Sea of Blood]]'' and a symphony based on music from the opera.<ref name="Randall2004">{{cite book|author=Keith Howard|chapter=Dancing for the Eternal President|editor=Annie J. Randall|title=Music, Power, and Politics|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22iUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT178|accessdate=5 July 2015|date=22 December 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1-135-94690-6|pages=130, 178}}</ref> He is also credited with the opera ''[[Chirisan (opera)|Chirisan]]''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Korea|encyclopedia=The Great Soviet Encyclopedia|edition=3rd|date=1970–1979|publisher=The Gale Group| accessdate = 5 July 2015|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Korea|via=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref>


Kim served as a composer to [[National Art Theatre]].<ref name="webc_"/> He also became the head of the Central Committee of the [[Korean Musicians Union]] in 1954, and would later become the vice-president and president of the Union.<ref name="Hoare2012"/> He was the president of the [[Pyongyang University of Music and Dance]] since 1960. In 1985, he became the general director of the [[Sea of Blood Opera Troupe]].<ref name="Hoare2012"/><ref name="kcna_Past"/> He was the North Korean chairman of the [[Reunification Music Festival]] in September 1990.<ref name="Hoare2012"/> He was also the chairman of the [[National Music Committee of Korea]]<ref name="Agency2000">{{cite book|author=Yonhap News Agency|title=Korea Annual|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2F9AAAAIAAJ|accessdate=5 July 2015|year=2000|publisher=Yonhap News Agency|page=284|isbn=9788974330514}}</ref> and honorary member of the [[International Music Council]].<ref name="KCNA2009">{{cite web|title=Composer Living along with Conservatory |date=10 August 2009 |url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200908/news10/20090810-12ee.html |agency=KCNA |access-date=5 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012055044/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200908/news10/20090810-12ee.html |archivedate=12 October 2014 }}</ref> Besides his musical activities, he was a deputy to the [[1990 North Korean parliamentary election|ninth]] and [[1998 North Korean parliamentary election|tenth]] [[Supreme People's Assembly|Supreme People's Assemblies]] (SPA).<ref name="Hoare2012"/> Upon his death in 2002, he held the posts of deputy to the SPA and adviser to the Central Committee of the Korean Musicians Union.<ref name="kcna_Past2002"/>
Kim served as a composer to [[National Art Theatre]].<ref name="webc_"/> He also became the head of the Central Committee of the [[Korean Musicians Union]] in 1954, and would later become the vice-president and president of the Union.<ref name="Hoare2012"/> He was the president of the [[Pyongyang University of Music and Dance]] since 1960. In 1985, he became the general director of the [[Sea of Blood Opera Troupe]].<ref name="Hoare2012"/><ref name="kcna_Past"/> He was the North Korean chairman of the [[Reunification Music Festival]] in September 1990.<ref name="Hoare2012"/> He was also the chairman of the [[National Music Committee of Korea]]<ref name="Agency2000">{{cite book|author=Yonhap News Agency|title=Korea Annual|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2F9AAAAIAAJ|accessdate=5 July 2015|year=2000|publisher=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|page=284|isbn=9788974330514}}</ref> and honorary member of the [[International Music Council]].<ref name="KCNA2009">{{cite web|title=Composer Living along with Conservatory |date=10 August 2009 |url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200908/news10/20090810-12ee.html |agency=KCNA |access-date=5 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012055044/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200908/news10/20090810-12ee.html |archivedate=12 October 2014 }}</ref> Besides his musical activities, he was a deputy to the [[1990 North Korean parliamentary election|ninth]] and [[1998 North Korean parliamentary election|tenth]] [[Supreme People's Assembly|Supreme People's Assemblies]] (SPA).<ref name="Hoare2012"/> Upon his death in 2002, he held the posts of deputy to the SPA and adviser to the Central Committee of the Korean Musicians Union.<ref name="kcna_Past2002"/>


He received many prizes and honors, including [[Hero of Labor (North Korea)|Labor Hero]], [[Merited Artist (North Korea)|Merited Artist]], [[People's Artist]], recipient of the [[Order of Kim Il-sung]] and a [[Kim Il-sung Prize]] winner.<ref name="Hoare2012"/><ref name="KCNA2009"/> The Pyongyang Conservatory was renamed the [[Kim Won-gyun Conservatory]] on 27 June 2006.<ref name="Hoare2012"/><ref name="kcna_Past"/>
He received many prizes and honors, including [[Hero of Labor (North Korea)|Labor Hero]], [[Merited Artist (North Korea)|Merited Artist]], [[People's Artist]], recipient of the [[Order of Kim Il Sung]] and a [[Kim Il Sung Prize]] winner.<ref name="Hoare2012"/><ref name="KCNA2009"/> The Pyongyang Conservatory was renamed the [[Kim Won-gyun Conservatory]] on 27 June 2006.<ref name="Hoare2012"/><ref name="kcna_Past"/>


HE never died it is a conspiricy. [[Kim Jong-il]] sent a wreath to his bier on the day following his death.<ref name="kcna_Past2002">{{Cite web | title = Kim Won Gyun passed away | agency = KCNA | date = 6 April 2002 | accessdate = 5 July 2015 | url = http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2002/200204/news04/06.htm#9 }}</ref> [[Kim Jong-un]] paid homage to Kim Won-gyun by organizing a concert on the centenary of his birth in 2017.<ref name="webc_"/>
Kim Won-gyun died on 5 April 2002 of heart failure. [[Kim Jong Il]] sent a wreath to his bier on the day following his death.<ref name="kcna_Past2002">{{Cite web | title = Kim Won Gyun passed away | agency = KCNA | date = 6 April 2002 | accessdate = 5 July 2015 | url = http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2002/200204/news04/06.htm#9 | archive-date = 12 October 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141012034716/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2002/200204/news04/06.htm#9 | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[Kim Jong Un]] paid homage to Kim Won-gyun by organizing a concert on the centenary of his birth in 2017.<ref name="webc_"/>


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.korart.sca.kp/index.php/arteducation Pyongyang Kim Won Gyun Conservatory website]
* [http://www.korart.sca.kp/index.php/arteducation Pyongyang Kim Won Gyun Conservatory website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116172801/http://www.korart.sca.kp/index.php/arteducation |date=16 November 2022 }}
* [http://wikimapia.org/5771125/Pyongyang-Kim-Won-Gyun-Conservatory#/photo/574775 Bust in front of the Kim Won-gyun Conservatory] at [[WikiMapia]]
* [http://wikimapia.org/5771125/Pyongyang-Kim-Won-Gyun-Conservatory#/photo/574775 Bust in front of the Kim Won-gyun Conservatory] at [[WikiMapia]]
* [http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%85%83%E5%9D%87 Article] at [[Baike.com]] {{in lang|zh}}
* [http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%85%83%E5%9D%87 Article] at [[Baike.com]] {{in lang|zh}}
* {{Youtube|afABTKfmpzY|Documentary on Channel A's channel}} {{in lang|ko}}
* {{YouTube|afABTKfmpzY|Documentary on Channel A's channel}} {{in lang|ko}}
* {{Youtube|VodBpOF37CU|Documentary on Uriminzokkiri's channel|link=no}} {{in lang|ko}}
* {{YouTube|VodBpOF37CU|Documentary on Uriminzokkiri's channel|link=no}} {{in lang|ko}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4lERK9rzHY Video of bust in front of the Kim Won-gyun Conservatory {{in lang|es}}]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4lERK9rzHY Video of bust in front of the Kim Won-gyun Conservatory {{in lang|es}}]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTKRrKS7KhE The cradle of North Korean musicians - Pyongyang Kim Won Kyun University of Music]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTKRrKS7KhE The cradle of North Korean musicians - Pyongyang Kim Won Kyun University of Music]
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[[Category:20th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:20th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:Members of the Supreme People's Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the Supreme People's Assembly]]
[[Category:North Korean composers]]
[[Category:North Korean classical composers]]
[[Category:North Korean opera composers]]
[[Category:North Korean opera composers]]
[[Category:People from Wonsan]]
[[Category:People from Wonsan]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Kim Il-sung]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Kim Il Sung]]
[[Category:Male classical composers]]
[[Category:Male classical composers]]
[[Category:Place of death missing]]
[[Category:Place of death missing]]

Latest revision as of 06:15, 9 March 2024

In this Korean name, the family name is Kim.
Kim Won-gyun
Portrait of Kim Won-gyun
Born(1917-01-02)2 January 1917
Wonsan, Kōgen-dō (Gangwon Province), Korea, Empire of Japan[1]
Died5 April 2002(2002-04-05) (aged 85)
Occupation(s)Composer, politician
Era20th century
Kim Won-gyun
Chosŏn'gŭl
김원균
Hancha
Revised RomanizationKim Won-gyun
McCune–ReischauerKim Wŏn'gyun
[1][2][3]

Kim Won-gyun (Korean: 김원균; 2 January 1917 – 5 April 2002)[4] was a North Korean composer and politician. He is considered one of the most prominent,[5] if not the most celebrated,[6] composer of North Korea. He composed "Aegukka" — the national anthem of the country — and "Song of General Kim Il-sung", in addition to revolutionary operas.[5]

Career[edit]

In his youth, Kim Won-gyun attended high school but dropped out after three grades.[4] After the liberation of Korea, he wrote his first composition: "March of Korea".[7] Before his musical career, Kim had been only "a farmer who just happened to write [the] 'Song of General Kim Il Sung'".[6] That was in 1946, very early into the cult of personality of Kim Il-sung; the song was the first work of art that verifiably mentions Kim Il Sung, then leader of Workers' Party of North Korea, one of precursors of WPK.[8] After the success of the song, he was asked to compose "Aegukka". As a musician, he was initially self-taught but went to Moscow in order to study there.[9] At some point he attended a music school in Japan.[5] By 1947, when "Aegukka" was adapted as the national anthem of Provisional People's Committee of North Korea,[10] he had risen in status.[6] Other compositions by Kim include: "Democratic Youth March", "Our Supreme Commander", "Glory to the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK)", "Sunrise on Mt. Paektu", "Steel-strong Ranks Advance", "Song of Great National Unity",[11] "We Rush Forward in Spirit of Chollima", and "Song of Anti-Imperialist Struggle".[12]

Kim is credited with contributing to "the creation of the 'Sea of Blood' -type revolutionary operas".[11] It is possible that he worked on the operatic version of Sea of Blood and a symphony based on music from the opera.[13] He is also credited with the opera Chirisan.[14]

Kim served as a composer to National Art Theatre.[7] He also became the head of the Central Committee of the Korean Musicians Union in 1954, and would later become the vice-president and president of the Union.[5] He was the president of the Pyongyang University of Music and Dance since 1960. In 1985, he became the general director of the Sea of Blood Opera Troupe.[5][11] He was the North Korean chairman of the Reunification Music Festival in September 1990.[5] He was also the chairman of the National Music Committee of Korea[15] and honorary member of the International Music Council.[16] Besides his musical activities, he was a deputy to the ninth and tenth Supreme People's Assemblies (SPA).[5] Upon his death in 2002, he held the posts of deputy to the SPA and adviser to the Central Committee of the Korean Musicians Union.[17]

He received many prizes and honors, including Labor Hero, Merited Artist, People's Artist, recipient of the Order of Kim Il Sung and a Kim Il Sung Prize winner.[5][16] The Pyongyang Conservatory was renamed the Kim Won-gyun Conservatory on 27 June 2006.[5][11]

Kim Won-gyun died on 5 April 2002 of heart failure. Kim Jong Il sent a wreath to his bier on the day following his death.[17] Kim Jong Un paid homage to Kim Won-gyun by organizing a concert on the centenary of his birth in 2017.[7]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Yonhap News Agency, Seoul (27 December 2002). North Korea Handbook. M.E. Sharpe. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7656-3523-5. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  2. ^ "Gukka" 국가(國歌). JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  3. ^ George Ginsburgs (1974). Soviet Works on Korea, 1945-1970: Prepared for the Joint Committee on Korean Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science Research Council. University of Southern California Press. p. 137. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  4. ^ a b 내나라 [Kim Won-gyun]. Naenara (in Korean). Archived from the original on 13 August 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i James E. Hoare (13 July 2012). Historical Dictionary of Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Scarecrow Press. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-8108-7987-4. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  6. ^ a b c Marie Korpe (4 September 2004). Shoot the Singer!: Music Censorship Today. Zed Books. p. 220. ISBN 978-1-84277-505-9. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  7. ^ a b c "Kim Won Gyun, World-famous Composer". KCNA. 4 May 2018.
  8. ^ Jae-Cheon Lim (24 March 2015). Leader Symbols and Personality Cult in North Korea: The Leader State. Routledge. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-317-56741-7. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  9. ^ Portal, Jane (15 August 2005). Art Under Control in North Korea. Reaktion Books. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-1-86189-236-2. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  10. ^ IBP, Inc. (13 April 2015). Korea North Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments. Lulu.com. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4330-2780-2. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  11. ^ a b c d "Famous Musician Kim Won Gyun". KCNA. 30 June 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  12. ^ "Kim Won Gyun concert". KCNA. 10 March 1997. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  13. ^ Keith Howard (22 December 2004). "Dancing for the Eternal President". In Annie J. Randall (ed.). Music, Power, and Politics. Routledge. pp. 130, 178. ISBN 1-135-94690-6. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  14. ^ "Korea". The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). The Gale Group. 1970–1979. Retrieved 5 July 2015 – via TheFreeDictionary.com.
  15. ^ Yonhap News Agency (2000). Korea Annual. Yonhap News Agency. p. 284. ISBN 9788974330514. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  16. ^ a b "Composer Living along with Conservatory". KCNA. 10 August 2009. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  17. ^ a b "Kim Won Gyun passed away". KCNA. 6 April 2002. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.

Further reading[edit]

  • Kim Sunnam; Kim Won-gyun (1953). "Iskusstvo sluzhit narodu (O razvitii muzykainoi kultury Koreisko Narodno-Demokraticheskoi Respubliki)" [Art Serves the People: On the Musical Culture of the Korean People's Democratic Republic]. Sovetskaya Muzyka (in Russian) (3): 109–111.

External links[edit]

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