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{{Short description|Japanese mythological creature}}
{{For|the subregion in Eritrea|Karura Subregion}}
{{For|the subregion in Eritrea|Karura Subregion}}
[[File:Karura of Kofukuji.jpg|thumb|A statue depicting a wingless Karura, from [[Kofukuji]] Temple, [[Nara, Nara|Nara]], Japan, 8th century.]]
[[File:Karura of Kofukuji.jpg|thumb|A statue depicting a wingless Karura from [[Kōfuku-ji]], [[Nara, Nara|Nara]], 8th century.]]
[[File:観音と迦楼羅 Avalokitasvara and Garuda.jpg|thumb|An illustration from an 1866 Japanese book. Karura, who is an incarnation of [[Guanyin|Bodhisattva Kannon]] in this scene, gives a sermon to folks.]]
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The {{nihongo|'''Karura'''|迦楼羅}} is a divine creature with human torso and birdlike head<ref name=shincho>{{cite book|author=Shinchosha|title=新潮世界美術事典 (Shincho Encyclopedia of World Art)|year=1985|publisher=Shinchosha|isbn=4-10-730206-7}}</ref> in [[Japan]]ese Hindu-Buddhist [[Japanese mythology|mythology]].


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The {{nihongo|'''Karura'''|迦楼羅}} is a divine creature with a human torso and birdlike head<ref name=shincho>{{cite book|author=Shinchosha|script-title=ja:新潮世界美術事典|trans-title=Shincho Encyclopedia of World Art|year=1985|publisher=Shinchosha|isbn=4-10-730206-7}}</ref> in [[Japanese mythology]].
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The name is a [[transliteration]]<ref name=shincho/> of [[Garuda]] ([[Sanskrit]]: ''{{IAST|Garuḍa}}''<ref name=shincho/> गरुड ; [[Pāli]]: ''{{IAST|Garuḷa}}'') a race of enormously gigantic birds in [[Hinduism]],<ref>Hindu Gods and Goddesses in Japan By Saroj Kumar Chaudhuri p.151</ref> upon which the Japanese Buddhist version is based. The same creature may go by the name of {{Nihongo3|lit. "gold-winged bird"|金翅鳥|konjichō|Skr. ''suparṇa''}}.<ref name=shincho/>


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The name is a [[transliteration]]<ref name=shincho/> of [[garuda]],<ref name=shincho/> a race of enormously gigantic birds in [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Hindu Gods and Goddesses in Japan |first=Saroj Kumar |last=Chaudhuri |page=151}}</ref> the Japanese Buddhist version is based upon Hindu Mythology. The same creature may go by the name of {{Nihongo3|lit. "gold-winged bird"|金翅鳥|konjichō|Skr. ''{{lang|sa|suparṇa}}''}}.<ref name=shincho/>
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The karura is said to be enormous,<ref name=kojien>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Shinmura|first=Izuru|title=広辞苑(Kōjien)|year=1976|publisher=Iwanami}}. Japanese dictionary, 2nd revised edition</ref> fire-breathing,<ref name=kojien/> and to feed on dragons/serpents,<ref name=kojien/> just as Garuda is the bane of [[Nāga]]s. Only a dragon who possesses a [[Buddhist]] talisman, or one who has converted to the Buddhist teaching, can escape unharmed from the Karura.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} Shumisen or [[Mount Meru]] is said to be its habitat.<ref name=kojien/>


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The karura is said to be enormous,<ref name=kojien>{{cite book|last=Shinmura|first=Izuru|script-title=ja:広辞苑|trans-title=Kōjien|year=1976|publisher=Iwanami}}. Japanese dictionary, 2nd revised edition</ref> fire-breathing,<ref name=kojien/> and to feed on dragons/serpents,<ref name=kojien/> just as Garuda is the bane of [[Nāga]]s. Only a dragon who possesses a [[Buddhist]] talisman, or one who has converted to the Buddhist teaching, can escape unharmed from the Karura.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} Shumisen or [[Mount Meru]] is said to be its habitat.<ref name=kojien/>
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Karura is one of the [[Proselytism|proselytized]] and converted creatures recruited to form a guardian unit called the {{Nihongo|''[[Hachibushū]]''|八部衆||"Devas of the Eight Classes"}}.<ref name=kofukuji-cat>{{cite book|last=Murano|first=Takao|others=Tetsurô Kôno (trans.)|title=興福寺国宝展(Kōfukuji kokuhō ten)(exhibit catalog)|year=1997|publisher=Art Research Foundation}}, Item #3-2, p.vii (English caption), 32-33 (photo), p.189 (text by Kaneko, Tomoaki(金子智明))</ref><ref>The multilexic {{Harvnb|Shinchosha|1985}} dictionary does not give an English or any other language equivalent for this entry.</ref>


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Karura is one of the [[proselytism|proselytized]] and converted creatures recruited to form a guardian unit called the {{Nihongo|''[[Eight Legions|Hachibushū]]''|八部衆||"Devas of the Eight Classes"}}.<ref name=kofukuji-cat>{{cite book|last=Murano|first=Takao|others=Tetsurô Kôno (trans.)|script-title=ja:興福寺国宝展|trans-title=Kōfukuji kokuhō ten |type=exhibit catalog|year=1997|publisher=Art Research Foundation |at=Item #3-2, p.vii (English caption); 32-33 (photo); p.189 (text by Kaneko Tomoaki({{lang|ja|金子智明}})}}</ref><ref>The multilexic {{Harvnb|Shinchosha|1985}} dictionary does not give an English or any other language equivalent for this entry.</ref>
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One famous example is the ''karura'' statue at [[Kōfukuji temple]], [[Nara, Nara|Nara]] (amongst the eight deva statues presented at [[Buddhābhiseka|eye-opening ceremony]] dated to the year [[Tenpyō]] 6 or 734 AD, pictured top right).<ref name=kofukuji-cat/> This karura is depicted as wearing Chinese [[Tang dynasty]] style armor, and thus is seen wingless.


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One famous example is the Karura statue at [[Kōfuku-ji]], [[Nara, Nara|Nara]], amongst the eight deva statues presented at the [[Buddhābhiṣeka]] dated to the year [[Tenpyō]] 6 or 734, pictured top right).<ref name=kofukuji-cat/> This karura is depicted as wearing [[Tang dynasty|Tang Chinese]]-style armor, and thus is seen wingless.
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But more conventionally, the ''karura'' (garuda) is depicted as a winged being with human torso and avian head, as in the Vajra Hall ({{Nihongo|''Kongō buin''|金剛部院}}) section of the [[Womb Realm]] mandala ({{Nihongo|''Taizōkai mandara''|胎蔵界曼荼羅}}) and other [[iconographic]] books and scrolls.<ref name=shincho/>


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But more conventionally, the Karura is depicted as a winged being with human torso and avian head, as in the Vajra Hall ({{Nihongo|''Kongō buin''|金剛部院}}) section of the [[Womb Realm]] mandala ({{Nihongo|''Taizōkai mandara''|胎蔵界曼荼羅}}) and other [[iconographic]] books and scrolls.<ref name=shincho/>
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==Fine art==
Karura ward is an electoral area within westlands, Nairobi City County.

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==In fine art==
[[File:Karura (gigaku mask).jpg|thumb|left|karura gikau mask (source:''Shuko Jisshu'', Todaiji Hachimangu (1895))]]
[[File:Karura (gigaku mask).jpg|thumb|left|karura gikau mask (source:''Shuko Jisshu'', Todaiji Hachimangu (1895))]]


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The karura is also said to be the prototype of the depictions of the ''[[tengu]]''<ref name=kojien/> or ''[[karasutengu]]''.<ref name=shincho/>
The karura is also said to be the prototype of the depictions of the ''[[tengu]]''<ref name=kojien/> or ''[[karasutengu]]''.<ref name=shincho/>

==Popular Culture==
==In popular culture==
The [[Pokémon]] family of Magby, Magmar, and Magmortar are based on the karura, as well as an [[iguana]].
The ''[[Pokémon]]'' evolutionary line of [[Magby]], [[List of generation I Pokémon#Magmar|Magmar]], and [[Magmortar]] are based on the karura.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

In the anime ''[[Blue Exorcist]]'' Karura is a powerful fire demon that can be seen in service of the Myōō Dharani. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kazue |first=Kato |title=Blue Exorcist Vol. 7 |publisher=VIZ Media LLC |year=2012 |isbn=978-1421542621 |language=Japanese}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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::::::* [[Avalerion]]
::::::* [[Avalerion]]
::::::* [[Garuda]]
::::::* [[Garuda]]
::::::* [[Kalaviṅka]]
::::::* [[Karyobinga]] (''kalavinka'') - angel or harpy like creature in Buddhism
::::::* [[Kinnara]] - another avian creature, sometimes included among one of eight devas.
::::::* [[Kinnara]]
::::::* {{Interlanguage link multi|Devas of the Eight Classes|ja|3=八部衆|vertical-align=sup}} ([[:fr:Tianlong babu]]) - Also called {{Nihongo|''[[Tenryū Hachibushū]]''|天竜八部衆|"Devas and dragons of the Eight Classes"}}; the comprising list of eight creatures will depend on the source.
::::::* [[List of avian humanoids]]
::::::* [[List of avian humanoids]]
::::::* [[Millennium mamodos]]
::::::* [[List of Zatch Bell! characters]]
::::::* [[Tengu]]
::::::* [[Tengu]]
::::::* [[Utawarerumono]]
::::::* [[Utawarerumono]]
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


==References==
==References[[Special:BookSources/978-1421542621|978-1421542621]]==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

[[Category:Buddhist gods]]
[[Category:Birds in Buddhism]]
[[Category:Japanese legendary creatures]]
[[Category:Japanese legendary creatures]]
[[Category:Mythological birds of prey]]
[[Category:Mythological birds of prey]]
[[Category:Avian humanoids]]

[[Category:Japanese Vajrayana Buddhism]]
[[Category:Mythological and legendary Japanese birds]]


{{Japan-myth-stub}}
{{Japan-myth-stub}}

Revision as of 14:00, 18 March 2024

For the subregion in Eritrea, see Karura Subregion.
A statue depicting a wingless Karura from Kōfuku-ji, Nara, 8th century.
An illustration from an 1866 Japanese book. Karura, who is an incarnation of Bodhisattva Kannon in this scene, gives a sermon to folks.

The Karura (迦楼羅) is a divine creature with a human torso and birdlike head[1] in Japanese mythology.

The name is a transliteration[1] of garuda,[1] a race of enormously gigantic birds in Hinduism.[2] the Japanese Buddhist version is based upon Hindu Mythology. The same creature may go by the name of konjichō (金翅鳥, lit. "gold-winged bird", Skr. suparṇa).[1]

The karura is said to be enormous,[3] fire-breathing,[3] and to feed on dragons/serpents,[3] just as Garuda is the bane of Nāgas. Only a dragon who possesses a Buddhist talisman, or one who has converted to the Buddhist teaching, can escape unharmed from the Karura.[citation needed] Shumisen or Mount Meru is said to be its habitat.[3]

Karura is one of the proselytized and converted creatures recruited to form a guardian unit called the Hachibushū (八部衆, "Devas of the Eight Classes").[4][5]

One famous example is the Karura statue at Kōfuku-ji, Nara, amongst the eight deva statues presented at the Buddhābhiṣeka dated to the year Tenpyō 6 or 734, pictured top right).[4] This karura is depicted as wearing Tang Chinese-style armor, and thus is seen wingless.

But more conventionally, the Karura is depicted as a winged being with human torso and avian head, as in the Vajra Hall (Kongō buin (金剛部院)) section of the Womb Realm mandala (Taizōkai mandara (胎蔵界曼荼羅)) and other iconographic books and scrolls.[1] Karura ward is an electoral area within westlands, Nairobi City County.

In fine art

karura gikau mask (source:Shuko Jisshu, Todaiji Hachimangu (1895))

The karura (garuda) mask is one of the stock character masks worn by performers of the ancient Japanese courtly dance art of gigaku.[1][3]

The flaming nimbus or halo is known by the name "karura flame"[1] and typically seen adorning behind the statue of the Fudō-myōō (不動明王)).

The karura is also said to be the prototype of the depictions of the tengu[3] or karasutengu.[1]

In popular culture

The Pokémon evolutionary line of Magby, Magmar, and Magmortar are based on the karura.[citation needed]

In the anime Blue Exorcist Karura is a powerful fire demon that can be seen in service of the Myōō Dharani. [6]

See also

References978-1421542621

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Shinchosha (1985). 新潮世界美術事典 [Shincho Encyclopedia of World Art]. Shinchosha. ISBN 4-10-730206-7.
  2. ^ Chaudhuri, Saroj Kumar. Hindu Gods and Goddesses in Japan. p. 151.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Shinmura, Izuru (1976). 広辞苑 [Kōjien]. Iwanami.. Japanese dictionary, 2nd revised edition
  4. ^ a b Murano, Takao (1997). 興福寺国宝展 [Kōfukuji kokuhō ten] (exhibit catalog). Tetsurô Kôno (trans.). Art Research Foundation. Item #3-2, p.vii (English caption); 32-33 (photo); p.189 (text by Kaneko Tomoaki(金子智明).
  5. ^ The multilexic Shinchosha 1985 dictionary does not give an English or any other language equivalent for this entry.
  6. ^ Kazue, Kato (2012). Blue Exorcist Vol. 7 (in Japanese). VIZ Media LLC. ISBN 978-1421542621.

External links

  • Media related to Karura at Wikimedia Commons
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