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{{Short description|Norman noble}}
[[Image:Conches-en-Ouche donjon.jpg|right|thumb|Keep (donjon) of Conches-en-Ouche, département Eure, Haute-Normandie, France. It was built 1035 by Roger I of Tosny and destroyed 1591 in the French Wars of Religion.]]
[[Image:Conches-en-Ouche donjon.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.45|Keep (donjon) of [[Conches-en-Ouche]], département Eure, Haute-Normandie, France. It was built in 1035 by Roger I of Tosny, and destroyed in 1591 in the [[French Wars of Religion]].]]
'''Roger I of Tosny''' or '''Roger of Hispania'''<ref>van Houts, Normans, 269 n. 113. A name given him by [[Orderic Vitalis]].</ref> (d. ca. 1040) was a [[Normans|Norman]] nobleman of the [[House of Tosny]] who took part in the [[Reconquista]] of [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberia]].
'''Roger I of Tosny''' or '''Roger of Hispania'''<ref>van Houts, Normans, 269 n. 113. A name given him by [[Orderic Vitalis]].</ref> (died c. 1040) was a [[Normans|Norman]] nobleman of the [[House of Tosny]] who took part in the [[Reconquista]] of [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberia]].


==Career==
==Career==
Roger was the son of [[Raoul I of Tosny]], seigneur de Conches.<ref>Cokayne, CP, XII/1, 755</ref> In 1013, Roger and his father Raoul guarded the castle at [[Tillières]] for [[Richard II, Duke of Normandy]].<ref name="WC85">Douglas, Wm Conq.,85</ref> A few years later, for an unknown reason, the pair were forced into exile. While his father gained a reputation for himself in [[Apulia]], Roger did the same in fighting the Muslims in Iberia.<ref name="WC85"/> The small Christian states of Northern Iberia welcomed volunteers and adventurers who they could use to mount a strong force for the Reconquista. Roger was summoned by [[Ermesinde of Carcassonne]], [[count of Barcelona|regent-countess of Barcelona]] after the death of her husband [[Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Borrell]], to help her against the Muslim threat to her power. Roger rushed to help, marrying Ermesende's daughter,<ref>However, the marriage in Barcelona is uncertain. Gotelina/Godehildis, Roger's only wife to be known by name, was not Iberian but it is not known if she was his second or first wife. See Lucien Musset, "Aux origines d'une classe dirigeante : les Tosny, grands barons normands du Xe au XIIe siècle", ''Sonderdruck aus Francia Forschungen zur westeuropäischen Geschichte'', Munich, 1978, p.53.</ref> terrorising the Saracens and capturing several towns and castles. [[Adémar de Chabannes]] gives an echo of the more or less legendary deeds of Roger in Iberia. He gained the nickname ''Mangeur de Maures'' (Moor-Eater). Adémar recounts that Roger took his captured Saracens each day and, in front of them, cut one of their number in two, boiling the first half and giving it to the other Muslims to eat, and pretending to take the other half into his own tent for him and his companions to eat. Then Roger allowed some of these prisoners to escape, to spread these horrific rumours.<ref>''Chronique d'Adhémar de Chabanais'', éd. J. Chavanon, Paris, 1897, p.178-179</ref>
Roger was the son of [[Raoul I of Tosny]], seigneur de Conches.<ref>Cokayne, CP, XII/1, 755</ref> In 1013, Roger and his father guarded the castle at [[Tillières-sur-Avre|Tillières]] for [[Richard II, Duke of Normandy]].<ref name="William I - Douglas">{{cite book |last1=Douglas |first1=William|title=William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England |date=1964 |publisher=University of California Press}}</ref> A few years later, for an unknown reason, the pair were forced into exile and Tilliéres was taken from their custody (later given to Gilbert Crispin by Robert II).<ref name="William I - Bates">{{cite book |last1=Bates |first1=David |title=William the Conqueror |date=2016 |publisher=Yale University Press}}</ref> While his father gained a reputation for himself in [[Apulia]], Roger did the same fighting the Muslims in Northern Iberia,<ref name="William I - Douglas"/> where the Christian states welcomed volunteers. Roger fought for [[Ermesinde of Carcassonne]], [[count of Barcelona|regent-countess of Barcelona]] after the death of her husband [[Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Borrell]], helping her against the Muslim. Maybe Roger married Ermesinde's daughter. <ref>The marriage in Barcelona is uncertain. Gotelina/Godehildis, Roger's only wife to be known by name, was not Iberian but it is not known if she was his second or first wife. See Lucien Musset, "Aux origines d'une classe dirigeante : les Tosny, grands barons normands du Xe au XIIe siècle", ''Sonderdruck aus Francia Forschungen zur westeuropäischen Geschichte'', Munich, 1978, p.53.</ref> [[Adémar de Chabannes]] gives an echo of the more or less legendary deeds of Roger in Iberia, where he gained the nickname ''Mangeur de Maures'' (Moor-Eater). Adémar recounts that Roger took his captured Saracens each day and, in front of them, cut one of their number in two, boiling the first half and giving it to the other Muslims to eat, and pretending to take the other half into his own tent for him and his companions to eat. Then Roger allowed some of these prisoners to escape, to spread these horrific rumours.<ref name="Ademar">{{cite book |last1=de Chabannes |first1=Ademar |title=Chronicon Aquitanicum et Francicum or Historia Francorum}}</ref> <ref name="Villegas - Tosny">{{cite journal |last1=Villegas-Aristizabal |first1=Lucas|title=Roger of Tosny's adventures in the County of Barcelona |journal=Nothingham Medieval Studies |date=2008 |volume=LII|pages=5-16}}</ref>


Before 1024, Roger and his father gained permission from Richard II to return to Normandy, and Raoul died soon afterwards.
Before 1024, Roger and his father gained permission from Richard II to return to Normandy, and Raoul died soon afterwards.


Roger de Tosny founded [[Conches-en-Ouche]]. He built its church of Sainte-Foy<ref>Its dedication was linked to the abbey of [[Sainte-Foy de Conques]] in [[Rouergue]] which Roger probably passed on his way out of Normandy or on his return from Iberia. See [[Lucien Musset]], le nom de Conches « semble n'être qu'une simple transposition en [[langue d'oïl]] de celui de [[Conques]] »</ref> (before 1026) then the abbey of [[Saint-Pierre de Castillon]] (c. 1035) where monks from [[Fécamp Abbey]] were installed. This monastery was one of the first baronial foundations in Normandy<ref>Before this, creating or restoring monasteries had been a right reserved to the duke of Normandy alone.</ref> The foundation charter reveals that the lord of Tosny gave it a small possession around Conches and his forest.
Roger de Tosny founded [[Conches-en-Ouche]]. He built its church of Sainte-Foy<ref>Its dedication was linked to the abbey of [[Sainte-Foy de Conques]] in [[Rouergue]] which Roger probably passed on his way out of Normandy or on his return from Iberia. See [[Lucien Musset]], le nom de Conches « semble n'être qu'une simple transposition en [[langue d'oïl]] de celui de [[Conques]] »</ref> (before 1026) then the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Castillon (c. 1035), where monks from [[Fécamp|Fécamp Abbey]] were installed. This monastery was one of the first baronial foundations in Normandy, and its foundation charter reveals that the lord of Tosny gave it possessions around Conches, Tosny on the Seine and on the rivers Eure, Charentonne, Eaulne and Béthune. <ref name="Moore-Norman Aristocracy">{{cite thesis |last=Moore |first=James|date=2017 |title=The Norman Aristocracy in the Long Eleventh Century: Three Case Studies|degree=PhD |publisher= University of Oxford}}</ref>


In 1035, [[Robert the Magnificent|Robert I]]'s death began a troubled period in the duchy of Normandy. Civil wars multiplied and Roger (whose relations with his neighbours was already argumentative) was one of the main players in them. According to the Norman chroniclers,<ref>[[Guillaume de Jumièges]], Orderic Vitalis, [[Robert de Torigni]], ''Histoire des Normands'', éd. Guizot, Paris, 1826, p.169-170</ref> the lord of Tosny refused to serve the new duke, the future [[William the Conqueror]], due to his being a bastard. He especially took advantage of the weakness of the duke's power by ravaging his neighbours' lands, notably those of [[Humphrey of Vieilles]]. Humphrey sent his son [[Roger I of Beaumont|Roger]] to face Roger of Tosny, and around 1040 the latter was killed in battle, and his two eldest sons<ref>[[Robert de Grandmesnil]], ally of Roger I de Tosny</ref> died a few weeks later of their wounds.
In 1035, [[Robert the Magnificent|Robert I]]'s death began a troubled period in the duchy of Normandy. Civil wars multiplied and Roger was an active participant in them. According to [[Orderic Vitalis]]<ref name="Orderic">{{cite book |last1=Vitalis |first1=Orderic |title=Historia Ecclesiastica}}</ref> Roger refused to serve the new duke, [[William the Conqueror|William II]], because he was of illegitimate birth. However, according to David Bates, he simply used the opportunity to settle scores with some neighbours. <ref name="William I - Bates"></ref> He took advantage of the new Duke's weakness by ravaging the lands of [[Humphrey of Vieilles]]. Around 1040, Roger and his two eldest sons (Helbert and Elinand) and his ally Robert I de Grandmesnil died in battle against [[Roger de Beaumont|Roger I de Beaumont]], Humphrey's son.


Peace was re-established between the Tosny family and the neighbouring families. The widow ''Gotelina/Godehildis'' was forced to marry [[Richard, Count of Évreux|Richard]], [[Count of Évreux]].
Peace was re-established between the Tosny family and the neighbouring families. Roger´s widow ''Gotelina/Godehildis'' married [[Richard, Count of Évreux|Richard]], [[Count of Évreux]], Robert of Grandmesnil’s widow was married to William of Evreux, brother of Richard, and Adelize (Roger's daughter) married [[William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford|William FitzOsbern]].


==Family and descendants==
==Family and descendants==
Only one wife of Roger of Tosny is known by name, his widow ''Godehildis'' who married [[Richard, Count of Évreux]] after Roger's death. It is unclear if this is his only wife.<ref name="WC85"/>
Only one wife of Roger of Tosny is known by name, his widow, Godehildis (or Adelaide), who married [[Richard, Count of Évreux]] after Roger's death. It is unclear if she was his only wife.
Children:
Children:
*Helbert, died 1040 with his father
*Helbert of Tosny, died in 1040, with his father.
*Helinand, died May 1039 in Conches
*Helinand of Tosny, died in 1040, with his father.
*Vuazo
*Vuazo of Tosny
*[[Raoul II of Tosny]], successor of his father
*[[Raoul II of Tosny]], successor of his father.
*[[Robert de Stafford|Robert of Tosny, lord of Stafford]]
*[[Robert de Stafford|Robert of Tosny, Lord of Stafford]]
*Béranger l'Espagnol,
*Béranger l'Espagnol of Tosny
*Adelise, married [[Guillaume Fils Osbern]]
*Adelise of Tosny, married [[William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford|William FitzOsbern]].
*Berthe, married Guy de Laval
*Berthe of Tosny, married Guy de Laval.



{{Portal|Normandy}}


==References==
==References==
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* Cokayne, G.E., ''The complete peerage; or, A history of the House of lords and all its members from the earliest times'', ed. Geoffrey H. White, Vol. XII/1 (London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., 1953)
* Cokayne, G.E., ''The complete peerage; or, A history of the House of lords and all its members from the earliest times'', ed. Geoffrey H. White, Vol. XII/1 (London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., 1953)
* Douglas, David C., ''William the Conqueror'' (Berkeley; Los Angeles, The University of California Press, 1964)
* Douglas, David C., ''William the Conqueror'' (Berkeley; Los Angeles, The University of California Press, 1964)
*{{fr icon}} Lucien Musset, « Aux origines d'une classe dirigeante : les Tosny, grands barons normands du Xe au XIIe siècle », ''Sonderdruck aus Francia Forschungen zur westeuropäischen Geschichte'', Munich, 1978, pp.&nbsp;45–80
*{{in lang|fr}} Lucien Musset, « Aux origines d'une classe dirigeante : les Tosny, grands barons normands du Xe au XIIe siècle », ''Sonderdruck aus Francia Forschungen zur westeuropäischen Geschichte'', Munich, 1978, pp.&nbsp;45–80
*Lucas Villegas-Aristizabal, "Algunas notas sobre la participación de Rogelio de Tosny en la Reconquista Ibérica", ''Estudios Humanísticos de la Universidad de Leon,'' III, 2004, pp.&nbsp;263–74. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1078914
*Lucas Villegas-Aristizabal, "Algunas notas sobre la participación de Rogelio de Tosny en la Reconquista Ibérica", ''Estudios Humanísticos de la Universidad de Leon,'' III, 2004, pp.&nbsp;263–74. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1078914
*Lucas Villegas-Aristizabal, "Roger of Tosny's adventures in the County of Barcelona", ''Nottingham Medieval Studies'' LII, 2008, pp.&nbsp;5–16.
*Lucas Villegas-Aristizabal, "Roger of Tosny's adventures in the County of Barcelona", ''Nottingham Medieval Studies'' LII, 2008, pp.&nbsp;5–16. https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/abs/10.1484/J.NMS.3.426
* Schwennicke, Detlev, ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984)
* Schwennicke, Detlev, ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984)
*''The Normans in Europe'', ed. & trans., Elisabeth van Houts (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000) ([http://www.google.fr/books?id=IarkHmOdjnsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Normans+in+Europe Also see online extracts on Google Books])
*''The Normans in Europe'', ed. & trans., [[Elisabeth van Houts]] (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000) ([https://books.google.com/books?id=IarkHmOdjnsC&q=Normans+in+Europe Also see online extracts on Google Books])


{{DEFAULTSORT:Roger 01 Of Tosny}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Roger 01 of Tosny}}
[[Category:Normans]]
[[Category:11th-century Normans]]
[[Category:11th-century deaths]]
[[Category:11th-century deaths]]
[[Category:Norman warriors]]
[[Category:People of the Reconquista]]
[[Category:People of the Reconquista]]
[[Category:History of Normandy]]
[[Category:1040 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of death uncertain]]

Latest revision as of 18:53, 18 March 2024

Keep (donjon) of Conches-en-Ouche, département Eure, Haute-Normandie, France. It was built in 1035 by Roger I of Tosny, and destroyed in 1591 in the French Wars of Religion.

Roger I of Tosny or Roger of Hispania[1] (died c. 1040) was a Norman nobleman of the House of Tosny who took part in the Reconquista of Iberia.

Career[edit]

Roger was the son of Raoul I of Tosny, seigneur de Conches.[2] In 1013, Roger and his father guarded the castle at Tillières for Richard II, Duke of Normandy.[3] A few years later, for an unknown reason, the pair were forced into exile and Tilliéres was taken from their custody (later given to Gilbert Crispin by Robert II).[4] While his father gained a reputation for himself in Apulia, Roger did the same fighting the Muslims in Northern Iberia,[3] where the Christian states welcomed volunteers. Roger fought for Ermesinde of Carcassonne, regent-countess of Barcelona after the death of her husband Ramon Borrell, helping her against the Muslim. Maybe Roger married Ermesinde's daughter. [5] Adémar de Chabannes gives an echo of the more or less legendary deeds of Roger in Iberia, where he gained the nickname Mangeur de Maures (Moor-Eater). Adémar recounts that Roger took his captured Saracens each day and, in front of them, cut one of their number in two, boiling the first half and giving it to the other Muslims to eat, and pretending to take the other half into his own tent for him and his companions to eat. Then Roger allowed some of these prisoners to escape, to spread these horrific rumours.[6] [7]

Before 1024, Roger and his father gained permission from Richard II to return to Normandy, and Raoul died soon afterwards.

Roger de Tosny founded Conches-en-Ouche. He built its church of Sainte-Foy[8] (before 1026) then the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Castillon (c. 1035), where monks from Fécamp Abbey were installed. This monastery was one of the first baronial foundations in Normandy, and its foundation charter reveals that the lord of Tosny gave it possessions around Conches, Tosny on the Seine and on the rivers Eure, Charentonne, Eaulne and Béthune. [9]

In 1035, Robert I's death began a troubled period in the duchy of Normandy. Civil wars multiplied and Roger was an active participant in them. According to Orderic Vitalis[10] Roger refused to serve the new duke, William II, because he was of illegitimate birth. However, according to David Bates, he simply used the opportunity to settle scores with some neighbours. [4] He took advantage of the new Duke's weakness by ravaging the lands of Humphrey of Vieilles. Around 1040, Roger and his two eldest sons (Helbert and Elinand) and his ally Robert I de Grandmesnil died in battle against Roger I de Beaumont, Humphrey's son.

Peace was re-established between the Tosny family and the neighbouring families. Roger´s widow Gotelina/Godehildis married Richard, Count of Évreux, Robert of Grandmesnil’s widow was married to William of Evreux, brother of Richard, and Adelize (Roger's daughter) married William FitzOsbern.

Family and descendants[edit]

Only one wife of Roger of Tosny is known by name, his widow, Godehildis (or Adelaide), who married Richard, Count of Évreux after Roger's death. It is unclear if she was his only wife. Children:


References[edit]

  1. ^ van Houts, Normans, 269 n. 113. A name given him by Orderic Vitalis.
  2. ^ Cokayne, CP, XII/1, 755
  3. ^ a b Douglas, William (1964). William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England. University of California Press.
  4. ^ a b Bates, David (2016). William the Conqueror. Yale University Press.
  5. ^ The marriage in Barcelona is uncertain. Gotelina/Godehildis, Roger's only wife to be known by name, was not Iberian but it is not known if she was his second or first wife. See Lucien Musset, "Aux origines d'une classe dirigeante : les Tosny, grands barons normands du Xe au XIIe siècle", Sonderdruck aus Francia Forschungen zur westeuropäischen Geschichte, Munich, 1978, p.53.
  6. ^ de Chabannes, Ademar. Chronicon Aquitanicum et Francicum or Historia Francorum.
  7. ^ Villegas-Aristizabal, Lucas (2008). "Roger of Tosny's adventures in the County of Barcelona". Nothingham Medieval Studies. LII: 5–16.
  8. ^ Its dedication was linked to the abbey of Sainte-Foy de Conques in Rouergue which Roger probably passed on his way out of Normandy or on his return from Iberia. See Lucien Musset, le nom de Conches « semble n'être qu'une simple transposition en langue d'oïl de celui de Conques »
  9. ^ Moore, James (2017). The Norman Aristocracy in the Long Eleventh Century: Three Case Studies (PhD thesis). University of Oxford.
  10. ^ Vitalis, Orderic. Historia Ecclesiastica.

Bibliography[edit]

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