Conches-en-Ouche
| Conches-en-Ouche | ||
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| region | Normandy | |
| Department | Your | |
| Arrondissement | Evreux | |
| Canton | Conches-en-Ouche (main town) | |
| Community association | Pays de Conches | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 58 ' N , 0 ° 57' E | |
| height | 100-173 m | |
| surface | 16.72 km 2 | |
| Residents | 5,030 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 301 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 27190 | |
| INSEE code | 27165 | |
| Website | www.conches-en-ouche.fr | |
 Abbey and hospital |
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Conches-en-Ouche is a French town with 5030 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Eure in the region of Normandy . It is the capital of the canton named after it and the Pays d'Ouche .
geography
Conches is located 17 kilometers southwest of Évreux on a plateau in the Pays d'Ouche above the Rouloir valley between the forests of Forêt de Conches and Forêt d'Évreux . The departmental roads D140, D840 and D830 run through the municipality.
history
During excavations in the municipality, traces of settlement from Celtic times were found. The present-day town came into being on a cleared area in the Forêt de Conches and was called Châtillon . During the Gallo-Roman period (52 BC to 486 AD) it was on the Roman road from Brionne (Breviodurum) to Dreux (Durocasses) . On the road was a fort that Castelli was called. The monastery was later built in its place . In Châtillon, there was a church dedicated to Saint Ouen of Rouen (Saint-Ouen).
middle Ages
According to Ordericus Vitalis (1075–1142), during the time of the Norman invasion, the place belonged to Malahulce, an uncle of Rollos , from whom the Tosny family allegedly descended.
Around 1034 Roger I de Tosny († 1040) had a castle , the donjon , the city wall and a monastery built in the area. Raoul II. De Tosny took part in the Battle of Hastings in 1066 . Roger III de Tosny († around 1160) went on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela and was very impressed by the cult of St. Fides ( French: Foy d'Agen ) in Conques , so he brought a relic of St. Fides with him to Châtillon. The place was renamed Conches in honor of Conques and gained in importance due to the relic . From 1310 Conches belonged to Robert III. by Artois (1287-1342). During the Hundred Years War (1337-1453) it changed hands several times. In 1355 Johan II of France (1319-1364) gave the town to Charles II of Navarre (1332-1387), Comte of Évreux . He lost it in 1357 to Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1306-1361) and Philip of Navarre (1336-1363), whose troops had besieged Conches, finally took it and set the castle and monastery on fire. In 1371 the village was besieged again and after a long period of siege by Bertrand du Guesclin (1320-1380) captured.
Modern times
In 1527 Conches was raised to a Comté , in 1530 it came into the possession of Marie de Luxembourg (1462-1546). After an official Reformed church was established in Rouen in 1557 and in Évreux in 1559 , Conches-en-Ouche followed suit. The Protestant Church in Conches did not exist until the 17th century. In 1569 Conches fell to François-Hercule de Valois-Angoulême, duc d'Alençon (1555–1584). In 1587 the castle and the monastery were set on fire again during the Huguenot Wars . In the 18th century the village belonged to the Bouillon family.
In 1789 the place name was changed to La Montagne-de-Conches in the course of the French Revolution (1789-1799) . The places Notre-Dame-du-Val-Conches and Le Vieux-Conches merged in 1789 to form a village, which was combined with La Montagne-de-Conches in 1791 . In 1793 Conches-en-Ouche received the status of a municipality as Conches and in 1801 the right to local self-government .
On October 24, 1933, an express train derailed near Conches-en-Ouche , which was en route from Cherbourg to Paris . 36 people died, 68 were also injured.
During the German occupation of France in World War II (1939-1945) two and a half kilometers south-east of the town was on the road to Nogent-le-Sec from 1941 to 1943 an air base with two fixed runways for the German Air Force . After its completion, it was used from November 1943 to January 1944 by two squadrons of the I. Group of Jagdgeschwader 2 (I./JG2), which was equipped with Fw 190A . Later in the year, between the end of June 1944 and the beginning of July 1944, the III. Group of the Schlachtgeschwaders 4 (III./SG4) with their Fw 190F / G.
The airfield was closed after the war. The open spaces were used for agriculture again and decades later, several commercial enterprises settled on the 80 m wide concrete slopes that were still in existence. Some of the airfield buildings can still be seen. Even the taxiways can be seen on aerial photographs . Conches-en-Ouche was bombed several times by the Allied Air Force during Operation Overlord in the summer of 1944 . On August 23, 1944, at nine in the morning, the city was liberated with the help of Francs-tireurs et partisans .
| year | 1793 | 1821 | 1851 | 1896 | 1931 | 1962 | 1990 | 2006 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 2.118 | 1,725 | 2,075 | 2,187 | 2,432 | 3,028 | 4,009 | 4,982 | 5,033 |
Conches had the fewest inhabitants in 1821 (1725), since then the community has been growing. The growth accelerated in the second half of the 20th century. In 2006 the village had more than twice as many inhabitants as in 1793.
Town twinning
Conches-en-Ouche has twinned cities with
- Rhodes in Greece , since 1960/1961
- Aulendorf in Germany , since 1960/1961
- Wareham in the UK , since 1978
- Człuchów in Poland , since 1995
Friendly relationships are also cultivated with
- Longarone (Italy)
- Bad Gottleuba (Germany)
Culture and sights
The Glass Museum (Musée du Verre, de la Pierre et du Livre) shows glass objects by local and foreign artists, stones and fossils , as well as manuscripts from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance .
Green spaces
Conches-en-Ouche is represented with a flower in the Conseil national des villes et villages fleuris (National Council of Flowered Cities and Villages). The "flowers" are awarded in the course of a regional competition, whereby a maximum of three flowers can be achieved.
The small town's park is open all year round. Its trees are planted in long rows. At the entrance there is a monument to the painter Maurice Quentin de La Tour (1704–1788).
Buildings
The Gothic church of Sainte-Foy dates back to the 13th century, but was completely rebuilt in the Gothic style in the 16th century . It was classified as a Monument historique in 1840 .
Le Saint-Jacques is the name of a group of half-timbered houses in the city center that date back to the 15th century and still have elements from the 11th and 12th centuries.
The former abbey was founded in 1034. It was devastated in the Hundred Years War (1337-1453). In the 17th century, the Maurinians took over the abbey. In 1790 the Mauriners were dissolved by the Constituent Assembly in the course of the French Revolution and many buildings of the abbey were destroyed. An old residential building, the press house , the storage cellar and part of the surrounding wall have been preserved. When the abbey was converted into a hospital, parts of the surrounding wall were destroyed. The abbey was entered in the supplementary directory of the Monuments historiques in 2002.
The donjon was built by Roger I de Tosny in 1035 and destroyed in the Huguenot Wars in 1591 . It was classified as a Monument historique in 1886.
economy
In the 18th century there were several metalworking plants in Conches. In the 19th century there was a blast furnace , a tannery , a candle factory , a blacksmith and a nail factory .
Conches station is served by the Paris – Cherbourg line of the SNCF .
Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) apply to pork (Porc de Normandie) , poultry (Volailles de Normandie) and cider (Cidre de Normandie and Cidre normand) in the municipality .
Personalities
- Guillaume de Conches (* 1080/1090; † after 1154), was a medieval philosopher from the School of Chartres .
- Robert von Courtenay (1168-1239) was a grand cupbearer of France (Grand-Bouteiller de France) and Mr. u. a. from Conches-en-Ouche and Mehun-sur-Yèvre.
- Pierre de Courtenay (* around 1218; † 1249 or 1250) was a French knight and lord of Conches-en-Ouche and Mehun-sur-Yèvre
- Philippe d'Artois (1269–1298) was lord of Conches-en-Ouche, Mehun-sur-Yèvre, Nonancourt and Domfront.
- Louis Marie Turreau (* 1756 in Évreux, † 1816 in Conches), was a French general. He began his career in the Garde Nationale von Conches, bought the Conches Monastery during the Revolution and died there. After the revolution he was raised to the nobility, made a baron and worked as an ambassador .
- François Décorchemont (1880–1971) was a glass artist who was born and died in Conches.
Web links
- Church windows and exhibits from the Glass Museum in the Base Mémoire des Ministère de la culture (French)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d e f Daniel Delattre, Emmanuel Delattre: L'Eure, les 675 communes . Editions Delattre, Grandvilliers 2000, pp. 78 f . (French)
- ↑ VR 17.2: de Brionne à Dreux. In: Itinéraires Romains en France. Retrieved May 31, 2010 (French).
- ↑ Laurence Riviale: Le vitrail en Normandie entre Renaissance et Réforme (1517–1596) . In: Corpus Vitrearum . tape 7 . Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Rennes 2007, ISBN 978-2-7535-0525-4 , pp. 28 f . (French).
- ↑ Bernard Bodinier (ed.): L'Eure de la Préhistoire à nos jours . Jean-Michel Bordessoules, Saint-Jean-d'Angély 2001, ISBN 2-913471-28-5 , pp. 248 (French).
- ↑ Roger de Figuères: Les noms révolutionnaires des communes de France . Lists par départments et liste générale alphabétique. Au siège de la Société, Paris 1901, LCCN 31-005093 , p. 21 (French, online ).
- ^ Jean-Noël Le Borgne, Véronique Le Borgne, Pascale Eudier, Annie Etienne: Archeologie Aérienne dans l'Eure . Ed .: Association Archéo 27. Page de Garde, Caudebec-les-Elbeuf 2002, ISBN 2-84340-230-1 , p. 78 .
- ↑ A.-V. de Walle: Évreux et l'Eure pendant la guerre . Charles Herissey, Évreux 2000, ISBN 2-914417-05-5 , pp. 175 + 178 (French, first published in 1946).
- ↑ Conches-en-Ouche - notice communal. In: Cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved May 31, 2010 (French).
- ↑ Musée du Verre, de la Pierre et du Livre. (No longer available online.) In: Musées en Haute-Normandie. Association Générale des Conservateurs de Collections Publiques de France, archived from the original on December 23, 2008 ; Retrieved May 31, 2010 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Palmarès des villes et villages fleuris. (No longer available online.) Conseil National des Villes et Villages Fleuris, archived from the original on December 31, 2014 ; Retrieved on August 14, 2011 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ A. Blanchard, M. Delafenêtre, Lisa Pascual: Jardins de Normandie . Your. Connaissance des Jardins, Caen 2001, ISBN 2-912454-07-7 , pp. 27 . (French)
- ↑ Conches-en-Ouche in Base Mérimée (French) Retrieved November 5, 2009.
- ↑ La ville de Conches-en-Ouche. In: Annuaire-Mairie.fr. Retrieved July 21, 2012 (French).
Remarks
- ↑ A family was considered to be all the more noble, the older its nobility was (compare: Margrave # France ).