Mauriner

Grégoire Tarisse, First Superior General of the Congregation

The Mauriner (French Mauristes ), a religious community of monks in the Roman Catholic Church , were Benedictines of the Congregation of St. Maurus (Mauriner Congregation, French Congrégation de Saint-Maur ). In a narrower sense, bricklayers mean a school of church historians in the 17th century who critically examined church history on the basis of the sources.

Emergence

On the initiative of the Cluniac Laurent Bérnard (1573–1620), the French Reform Congregation of the Maurines was created in close connection with the Congregation of the Lorraine Benedictines. It was built in 1618 by King Ludwig XIII. and in 1621 by Pope Gregory XV. approved . The first chapter of the order decided in 1618 to place the community under the protection of St. Maurus (500 (512) -584), a student of St. Benedict of Nursia (480-547), the founder of the Benedictine order. In a very short time, several French Benedictine convents joined the “Masons”, so that in 1675 the community numbered around 3,000 monks in 178 monasteries . The daily routine included prayer and the celebration of the liturgy . The monks were obliged to keep quiet, to fast and to abstain .

organization

The first superior general Dom Grégoire Tarisse (1575-1648) laid down the basic rules of the order in 1630 . Its most important component was the commitment to strict religious discipline . The congregation was organized centrally. The highest body was the 33-member chapter of the order. It met every three years and elected the superior general, the visitators and provincial priorities of the individual monasteries for this period .

Historical research

The first superior of the order had already encouraged the Maurinians to conduct historical research, especially in patristic studies . In 1648, Dom Luc d'Achery submitted a study plan to the General Chapter. The most important Mauritian is Dom Jean Mabillon , founder of diplomacy (doctrine of documents). The Maurinians of the Saint-Germain-des-Près monastery in Paris achieved the greatest historical success with the historical-critical method they used. Furthermore, the monks are to be thanked for the excellent editions of the works of the Doctor of the Church Augustine of Hippo . Petrus Sabatier created the basis for the first scientific edition of the Vetus Latina .

Decline

At the end of the 18th century, the long struggle with Jansenism and the burgeoning conflicts with the Jesuits led to the decline of the Maurinians. A cautious new beginning followed in 1837; however, he could not build on the success of the past.

See also

• Bollandists

literature

• Carl Andresen , Georg Denzler : dtv dictionary of church history. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich, 1982, ISBN 3-423-03245-6 .
• Gregor Emmenegger: The Congregation of Saint-Maur (Mauriner) and their Church Fathers editions. In: Institute for European History (Mainz) (Ed.): European History Online . Accessed November 30, 2011.

Web links

• Entry to Congregation of Saint Maurus on order online
• Entry on Zeno.org : Mauriner
• The Royal Library under Louis XIV (1643-1715)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ RC Van Caneghem: Brief source study of the Western European Middle Ages. A typological, historical and bibliographical introduction. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1964 (nld.Orig. 1962), pp. 155/156.
2. ↑ Jeremias Schröder : Nobody is an island. Monasteries between autonomy and networking . In: Erbe und Einsatz , vol. 95 (2019), pp. 32–44, here p. 40.