Vetus Latina

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Codex Vercellensis

Vetus Latina ("Old Latin [translation]") or Itala is the name given to the oldest surviving translations of texts from the Old and New Testaments into Latin . They differ from the Vulgate translation, which was made from the late 4th to early 5th century by the church father Jerome .

history

The oldest biblical texts in Latin have come down to us in the writings of Christian authors from the 2nd century. The oldest surviving manuscripts are Gospel texts from the 4th and 5th centuries ( Codex Vercellensis , Codex Bobiensis ). They are based on translations that were made in the 3rd century at the latest. The oldest illustrated Vetus Latina manuscript are the Quedlinburg itala fragments with texts from the 1st book of Samuel .

With the advent of the Vulgate translation, the versions of the Vetus Latina gradually fell out of use. In late antiquity and in the Middle Ages, the Vulgate became the authoritative Bible translation and edition. In some Vulgate manuscripts, however, there are some shorter versions of the Vetus Latina.

Vetus Latina Institute

Since 1945, the numerous surviving manuscripts in the Beuron Archabbey have been systematically processed under the direction of the Vetus Latina Institute. The foundation of the institute was a card index with around one million Latin Bible quotes, which the Munich philologist Josef Denk (1849–1927) created. The Mauritian Petrus Sabatier (1682–1742) is considered to be the father of Vetus Latina research .

In 2014 Thomas Johann Bauer was appointed Scientific Director of the Vetus Latina Institute.

Text examples

Luke 6, 1–4 ( Lk 6  EU ) in the Vetus Latina and Vulgate versions

Vetus Latina Vulgate
Et factum est eum in Sabbato secundoprimo abire per segetes discipuli autem illius coeperunt vellere spicas et fricantes manibus manducabant. Factum est autem in sabbato secundo, primo, cum transíret per sata, vellebant discípuli eius spicas, et manducabant confricantes manibus.
Quidam autem de farisaeis dicebant ei, Ecce quid faciunt discipuli tui sabbatis quod non licet? Quidam autem pharisæorum, dicebant illis: Quid facitis quod non licet in sabbatis?
Respondens autem IHS dixit ad eos, Numquam hoc legistis quod fecit David quando esurit ipse et qui cum eo erat? Et respondens Jesus ad eos, dixit: Nec hoc legistis quod fecit David, cum esurisset ipse, et qui cum illo erant?
Intro ibit in domum Dei et panes propositionis manducavit et dedit et qui cum erant quibus non licebat manducare si non solis sacerdotibus? quomodo intravit in domum Dei, et panes propositionis sumpsit, et manducavit, et dedit his qui cum ipso erant: quos non licet manducare nisi tantum sacerdotibus?

In the liturgy , formulations of the Vetus Latina have been preserved ( Lk 2.14  EU ):

Vetus Latina Vulgate
Gloria in excelsis Deo , et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis Gloria in altissimis Deo, et in terra pax in hominibus bonæ voluntatis

See also

Remarks

  1. ↑ Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration , Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-516122-9 , p. 103
  2. ↑ on Josef Denk see Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz:  Denk, Josef. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 1259-1260.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  3. ↑ The Beuron Vetus Latina Institute , accessed on January 27, 2020.
  4. ^ Text based on Codex Bezae and the Da Vinci Code ( Memento of January 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), Wieland Willker, 2005
  5. ^ I Wordsworth, HI White, HFD Sparks, Novum Testamentum Domini Nostri Jesu Christi Latine secundum editione S. Hieronymi , Oxonii 1889–1954
  6. ↑ Stuttgarter Vulgata Biblia Sacra iuxta Vulgatam versionem , adiuvantibus Bonifatio Fischer OSB , Iohanne Gribomont OSB, HFD Sparks, W. Thiele, recensuit et brevi apparatu instruxit Robertus Weber OSB, editio tertia emendata quam paravit Bonifatius Fischer OSB cum OSB sociis HI Fribanne , HFD Sparks, W. Thiele, 1983
  7. ↑ punctuation after Biblia Sacra Vulgatae editionis , Michael Hetzenauer, 1922
  8. ↑ Nestle-Aland, Novum Testamentum Latine , Novam Vulgatam Bibliorum Sacrorum Editionem secuti apparatibus titulisque additis ediderunt Kurt Aland and Barbara Aland una cum Instituo studiorum textus Novi Testamenti Monasteriensi (Westphalia), Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1884–1998, Lc 2,14, citing Wordsworth , supra , and Stuttgart, supra

literature

  • Studies on the Itala . Graß, Barth & Co., Breslau 1889. ( digitized version )
  • Cornel Heinsdorff: Christ, Nicodemus and the Samaritan woman at Juvencus. With an appendix to the Latin Gospel template . (= Studies on ancient literature and history; 67). Berlin and New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-017851-6
  • Klaus Zelzer, Vetus Latina . In: R. Herzog - PL Schmidt (ed.), Handbook of latin. Literature of Antiquity (HLL), 4, The literature of upheaval From the Roman to the Christian. Refs. 117-284; ed. v. K. Sallmann, Munich: Beck 1997, 352-367 (§468)

Web links