Eudaminae: Difference between revisions

Eudaminae
	Brown longtail (Urbanus procne)
	Typical resting positions
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Hesperiidae
Subfamily:	Eudaminae; Mabille, 1877

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The Eudaminae are a subfamily of skipper butterflies (family Hesperiidae). Their original type genus Eudamus is today a junior synonym of Urbanus. They are largely found in the Neotropics, with some extending into temperate North America, and one genus, Lobocla, endemic to East Asia.^[1]

Taxonomy

The Eudaminae have been recent subject to significant taxonomic revisions based on genome analysis, including by Brower & Warren 2009,^[1] and Li et al. 2019.^[2]

Historically, the subfamily has been included as tribe Eudamini in subfamily Pyrginae, based on perceived similarities with two of the tribes in that subfamily, the Celaenorrhinini and Pyrgini. As of Li et al. 2019, the Eudaminae are divided into four tribes: Entheini, Phocidini, Eudamini^[a] and Oileidini.^[b]^[2]

Current status and subdivisions

Except where otherwise noted, the classification below follows Li et al., 2019:^[2]

Tribe Entheini

Drephalys Watson, 1893
Udranomia A. Butler, 1870
Phanus Hübner, [1819]
Hyalothyrus Mabille, 1878
Entheus Hübner, [1819]
Augiades Hübner, [1819]
Tarsoctenus E. Watson, 1893

Tribe Phocidini

Phocides Hübner, [1819]
Pseudonascus Austin, 2008
Nascus E. Watson, 1893
Aurina Evans, 1937
Emmelus O. Mielke & Casagrande , 2016
Porphyrogenes E. Watson, 1893
Nicephellus Austin, 2008
Salatis Evans, 1952
Salantoia Grishin, 2019
Sarmientoia Berg, 1897
Bungalotis E. Watson, 1893
Euriphellus Austin, 2008
Dyscophellus Godman & Salvin, 1893
Phareas Westwood, 1852
Ornilius Grishin, 2022^[3]
Fulvatis Grishin, 2022^[3]
Adina Grishin, 2022^[3]

Tribe Eudamini

Subtribe Eudamina

Cecropterus Herrich-Schäffer, 1869
Spicauda Grishin, 2019
Urbanus Hübner, [1807]
Telegonus Hübner, [1819]
Autochton Hübner, 1823
Spathilepia A. Butler, 1870
Astraptes Hübner, [1819]
Narcosius Steinhauser, 1986
Proteides Hübner, [1819]
Epargyreus Hübner, [1819]
Chioides Lindsey, 1921

Subtribe Loboclina

Aguna R. Williams, 1927
Zeutus Grishin, 2019
Lobocla Moore, 1884
Lobotractus Grishin, 2019
Codatractus Lindsey, 1921
Zestusa Lindsey, 1925
Ridens Evans, 1952
Venada Evans, 1952

Subtribe Cephisina

Cephise Evans, 1952

Subtribe Telemiadina

Ectomis Mabille, 1878
Telemiades Hübner, [1819]
Polygonus Hübner, [1825]

Tribe Oileidini

Subtribe Oileidina

Flattoides Grishin, 2019
Oileides Hübner, [1825]

Subtribe Typhedanina

Typhedanus A. Butler, 1870
Oechydrus E. Watson, 1893
Cogia A. Butler, 1870
Nerula Mabille, 1888
Marela Mabille, 1903

Footnotes and references

^ further divided into four subtribes: Eudamina, Loboclina, Cephisina and Telemiadina
^ divided into two subtribes: Oileidina and Typhedanina

^ ^a ^b Brower, Andrew V.Z. & Warren, Andrew (2009): Tree of Life Web Project – Eudaminae. Version of 2009-JUN-11. Retrieved 2009-DEC-24.
^ ^a ^b ^c Li, Wenlin; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Zhang, Jing; Hallwachs, Winnie; Janzen, Daniel H.; Grishin, Nick V. (26 March 2019). "Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (13). Supporting Information: Appendix pp.10–24. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.6232L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821304116. PMC 6442542. PMID 30877254.
^ ^a ^b ^c Zhang, Jing; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Grishin, Nick (2022-03-14). "Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)". Insecta Mundi. PMID 35370352.

This Hesperiidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[3] urther divided into four subtribes: Eudamina, Loboclina, Cephisina and Telemiadina

[4] vided into two subtribes: Oileidina and Typhedanina

[bw09-1] Brower, Andrew V.Z. & Warren, Andrew (2009): Tree of Life Web Project – Eudaminae. Version of 2009-JUN-11. Retrieved 2009-DEC-24.

[Li-2019-2] Li, Wenlin; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Zhang, Jing; Hallwachs, Winnie; Janzen, Daniel H.; Grishin, Nick V. (26 March 2019). "Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (13). Supporting Information: Appendix pp.10–24. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.6232L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821304116. PMC 6442542. PMID 30877254.

[Zhang-5] Zhang, Jing; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Grishin, Nick (2022-03-14). "Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)". Insecta Mundi. PMID 35370352.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Subfamily of butterflies}}
 {{Automatic taxobox
 | image = Brown longtail (Urbanus procne) (2).jpg
 | image_caption = Brown longtail (''[[Urbanus procne]]'')
+| image2 = Eudaminae.jpg
+| image2_caption = Typical resting positions
 | taxon = Eudaminae
 | authority = [[Paul Mabille|Mabille]], 1877
-| diversity_link = #Genera
-| diversity = About 55 genera
-| synonyms =
-* Eudamini
 }}
+[[File:Tanna longtail (Spicauda tanna) Choco.jpg|thumb|''Spicauda tanna'', Colombia]]
+[[File:Tanna longtail (Spicauda tanna) underside Cundinamarca.jpg|thumb|''Spicauda tanna'', Colombia]]
+[[File:Teleus Longtail (Spicauda teleus) Choco.jpg|thumb|''Spicauda teleus'', Colombia]]
+The '''Eudaminae''' are a [[subfamily]] of [[skipper butterflies]] ([[family (biology)|family]] Hesperiidae). Their original [[biological type|type genus]] ''Eudamus'' is today a [[junior synonym]] of ''[[Urbanus (genus)|Urbanus]]''. They are largely found in the [[Neotropics]], with some extending into temperate North America, and one genus, ''[[Lobocla]]'', endemic to East Asia.<ref name = bw09>{{aut|Brower, Andrew V.Z. & Warren, Andrew}} (2009): [[Tree of Life Web Project]] &ndash; [http://tolweb.org/Eudaminae/95266 Eudaminae]. Version of 2009-JUN-11. Retrieved 2009-DEC-24.</ref>
+==Taxonomy==
-The '''Eudaminae''' are a [[subfamily]] of [[skipper butterflies]] ([[family (biology)|family]] Hesperiidae). Their original [[biological type|type genus]] ''Eudamus'' is today a [[junior synonym]] of ''[[Urbanus (genus)|Urbanus]]''. They are largely found in the [[Neotropics]], with some extending into temperate [[North America]] and the puzzling ''[[Lobocla]]'' (which seems closest to ''[[Zestusa]]'') occurring in [[East Asia]].<ref name = bw09>Brower & Warren (2009)</ref>
+The Eudaminae have been recent subject to significant taxonomic revisions based on genome analysis, including by Brower & Warren 2009,<ref name="bw09"/> and Li et al. 2019.<ref name="Li-2019">{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Wenlin |last2=Cong |first2=Qian |last3=Shen |first3=Jinhui |last4=Zhang |first4=Jing |last5=Hallwachs |first5=Winnie |last6=Janzen |first6=Daniel H. |last7=Grishin |first7=Nick V. |title=Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=26 March 2019 |volume=116 |issue=13 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1821304116 |pmid=30877254 |pmc=6442542 |bibcode=2019PNAS..116.6232L |at=Supporting Information: Appendix pp.10–24|doi-access=free }}</ref>
+Historically, the subfamily has been included as tribe '''Eudamini''' in subfamily [[Pyrginae]], based on perceived similarities with two of the tribes in that subfamily, the [[Celaenorrhinini]] and [[Pyrgini]]. As of Li et al. 2019, the Eudaminae are divided into four tribes: [[Entheini]], [[Phocidini]], [[Eudamini]]{{efn|further divided into four subtribes: Eudamina, Loboclina, Cephisina and Telemiadina}} and [[Oileidini]].{{efn|divided into two subtribes: Oileidina and Typhedanina}}<ref name="Li-2019"/>
-[[File:Eudaminae.jpg|thumb|left|Typical resting positions]]
-They were formerly included in subfamily [[Pyrginae]] (spread-winged skippers) as a [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] '''Eudamini'''. This was mainly due to a perceived similarity with the pyrgine tribes [[Celaenorrhini]] and [[Pyrgini]], where certain eudamine genera were indeed sometimes placed. But in reality, these genera seem to be quite closely related to ''[[Dyscophellus]]'', and the two lineages of moderately advanced skippers are quite distinct.<ref name = bw09 />
+==Current status and subdivisions==
-==Genera==
+Except where otherwise noted, the classification below follows Li et al., 2019:<ref name="Li-2019"/>
-The following 55 [[genera]] are placed in the Eudaminae in their delimitation as distinct [[subfamily]]. In [[phylogenetic]] sequence, they are:<ref name = bw09 />
-<div float="left">
-{{col-begin|width=70%}}
-{{col-1-of-2}}
-* ''[[Chioides]]''
-* ''[[Proteides]]''
-* ''[[Spathilepia]]''
-* ''[[Thorybes]]''
-* ''[[Achalarus]]''
-* ''[[Autochton (butterfly)|Autochton]]''
-* ''[[Urbanus (genus)|Urbanus]]'' (paraphyletic?)
-* ''[[Astraptes]]''
-* ''[[Narcosius]]''
-* ''[[Cabares]]''
-* ''[[Aguna (butterfly)|Aguna]]''
-* ''[[Codatractus]]''
-* ''[[Typhedanus]]''
-* ''[[Lobocla]]'' (formerly in Celaenorrhini)
-* ''[[Zestusa]]''
-* ''[[Calliades (genus)|Calliades]]''
-* ''[[Drephalys]]''
-* ''[[Udranomia]]''
-* ''[[Hyalothyrus]]''
-* ''[[Augiades]]''
-* ''[[Cabirus]]''
-* ''[[Entheus]]''
-* ''[[Phanus]]''
-* ''[[Phareas]]''
-{{col-2-of-2}}
-* ''[[Tarsoctenus]]''
-* ''[[Bungalotis]]''
-* ''[[Nicephellus]]''
-* ''[[Salatis]]''
-* ''[[Porphyrogenes]]''
-* ''[[Oileides]]''
-* ''[[Aurina]]''
-* ''[[Sarmientola]]'' <small>Berg, 1897</small>
-* ''[[Polygonus]]''
-* ''[[Telemiades]]'' (formerly in Pyrgini)
-* ''[[Phocides]]''
-* ''[[Hypocryptothrix]]''
-* ''[[Nascus]]''
-* ''[[Pseudonascus]]''
-* ''[[Dyscophellus]]''
-* ''[[Euriphellus]]''
-* ''[[Cogia]]'' (formerly in Pyrgini)
-* ''[[Paracogia]]'' (formerly in Pyrgini)
-* ''[[Marela (butterfly)|Marela]]'' (formerly in Pyrgini)
-* ''[[Oechydrus]]'' (formerly in Pyrgini)
-* ''[[Nerula]]'' (formerly in Pyrgini)
-* ''[[Venada]]''
-{{col-end}}
-</div>
+{{div col|colwidth=40em}}
-Some genera are of unresolved relationships. Presumably, at least most of them are indeed Eudamini, but it cannot be ruled out that some belong elsewhere in the [[Hesperiidae]]:<ref name = bw09 />
+===Tribe Entheini===
-* ''[[Cephise]]''
+*''[[Drephalys]]'' <small>Watson, 1893</small>
-* ''[[Chrysoplectrum]]''
-* ''[[Ectomis]]'' (formerly in Pyrgini)
+*''[[Udranomia]]'' <small>A. Butler, 1870</small>
+*''[[Phanus]]'' <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
-* ''[[Epargyreus]]''
+*''[[Hyalothyrus]]'' <small>Mabille, 1878</small>
-* ''[[Heronia]]''
+*''[[Entheus]]'' <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
-* ''[[Polythrix]]''
+*''[[Augiades]]'' <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
-* ''[[Ridens]]''
+*''[[Tarsoctenus]]'' <small>E. Watson, 1893</small>
-* ''[[Thessia]]''
+===Tribe Phocidini===
-==Footnotes==
+*''[[Phocides]]'' <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
-{{Reflist}}
+*''[[Pseudonascus]]'' <small>Austin, 2008</small>
+*''[[Nascus]]'' <small>E. Watson, 1893</small>
+*''[[Aurina]]'' <small>Evans, 1937</small>
+*''[[Emmelus]]'' <small>O. Mielke & Casagrande , 2016</small>
+*''[[Porphyrogenes]]'' <small>E. Watson, 1893</small>
+*''[[Nicephellus]]'' <small>Austin, 2008</small>
+*''[[Salatis]]'' <small>Evans, 1952</small>
+*''[[Salantoia]]'' <small>Grishin, 2019</small>
+*''[[Sarmientoia]]'' <small>Berg, 1897</small>
+*''[[Bungalotis]]'' <small>E. Watson, 1893</small>
+*''[[Euriphellus]]'' <small>Austin, 2008</small>
+*''[[Dyscophellus]]'' <small>Godman & Salvin, 1893</small>
+*''[[Phareas]]'' <small>Westwood, 1852</small>
+*''[[Ornilius]]'' <small>Grishin, 2022</small><ref name="Zhang">{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Jing |last2=Cong |first2=Qian |last3=Shen |first3=Jinhui |last4=Grishin |first4=Nick |date=2022-03-14 |title=Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) |url=https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/view/130468 |journal=Insecta Mundi |pmid=35370352 |language=en}}</ref>
+*''[[Fulvatis]]'' <small>Grishin, 2022</small><ref name="Zhang" />
+*''[[''Adina'' (butterfly)|Adina]]'' <small>Grishin, 2022</small><ref name="Zhang" />
+===Tribe Eudamini===
-==References==
+====Subtribe Eudamina====
+*''[[Cecropterus]]'' <small>Herrich-Schäffer, 1869</small>
+*''[[Spicauda]]'' <small>Grishin, 2019</small>
+*''[[Urbanus (butterfly)|Urbanus]]'' <small>Hübner, [1807]</small>
+*''[[Telegonus (skipper)|Telegonus]]'' <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
+*''[[Autochton (butterfly)|Autochton]]'' <small>Hübner, 1823</small>
+*''[[Spathilepia]]'' <small>A. Butler, 1870</small>
+*''[[Astraptes]]'' <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
+*''[[Narcosius]]'' <small>Steinhauser, 1986</small>
+*''[[Proteides]]'' <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
+*''[[Epargyreus]]'' <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
+*''[[Chioides]]'' <small>Lindsey, 1921</small>
+====Subtribe Loboclina====
+*''[[Aguna]]'' <small>R. Williams, 1927</small>
+*''[[Zeutus]]'' <small>Grishin, 2019</small>
+*''[[Lobocla]]'' <small>Moore, 1884</small>
+*''[[Lobotractus]]'' <small>Grishin, 2019</small>
+*''[[Codatractus]]'' <small>Lindsey, 1921</small>
+*''[[Zestusa]]'' <small>Lindsey, 1925</small>
+*''[[Ridens]]'' <small>Evans, 1952</small>
+*''[[Venada]]'' <small>Evans, 1952</small>
+====Subtribe Cephisina====
+*''[[Cephise]]'' <small>Evans, 1952</small>
+====Subtribe Telemiadina====
+*''[[Ectomis]]'' <small>Mabille, 1878</small>
+*''[[Telemiades]]'' <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
+*''[[Polygonus (genus)|Polygonus]]'' <small>Hübner, [1825]</small>
+===Tribe Oileidini===
+====Subtribe Oileidina====
+*''[[Flattoides]]'' <small>Grishin, 2019</small>
+*''[[Oileides]]'' <small>Hübner, [1825]</small>
+====Subtribe Typhedanina====
+*''[[Typhedanus]]'' <small>A. Butler, 1870</small>
+*''[[Oechydrus]]'' <small>E. Watson, 1893</small>
+*''[[Cogia]]'' <small>A. Butler, 1870</small>
+*''[[Nerula]]'' <small>Mabille, 1888</small>
+*''[[Marela (butterfly)|Marela]]'' <small>Mabille, 1903</small>
+{{div col end}}
+==Footnotes and references==
 {{Wikispecies}}
 {{Commons category}}
+{{Notelist}}
-* {{aut|Brower, Andrew V.Z. & Warren, Andrew}} (2009): [[Tree of Life Web Project]] &ndash; [http://tolweb.org/Eudaminae/95266 Eudaminae]. Version of 2009-JUN-11. Retrieved 2009-DEC-24.
+{{Reflist}}
 {{Taxonbar|from=Q774220}}