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The term netizen is a portmanteau of the English words internet and citizen,^[1] as in a "citizen of the net" or "net citizen".^[2]^[3]^[4] It describes a person^[5] actively involved in online communities or the Internet in general.^[6]^[7]

The term also commonly implies an interest and active engagement in improving the internet, making it an intellectual and a social resource,^[5] or its surrounding political structures, especially in regard to open access, net neutrality and free speech.^[8] The term was widely adopted in the mid-1990s as a way to describe those who inhabit the new geography of the internet.^[9] Internet pioneer and author Michael F. Hauben is credited with coining and popularizing the term.^[5]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

Determining factor

In general, any individual who has access to the internet has the potential to be classified as a netizen. In the 21st century, this is made possible by the global connectivity of the internet. People can physically be located in one country but connected to most of the world via a global network.^[12]

There is a clear distinction between netizens and people who come online to use the internet. A netizen is described as an individual who actively seek to contribute to the development of the internet.^[14] Netizens are not individuals who go online for personal gain or profit, but instead actively seeks to make the internet a better place.^[15]^[12]

A term used to classify internet users who do not actively contribute to the development of the internet is "lurker". Lurkers cannot be classified as netizens, as although they do not actively harm the internet, they do not contribute either.^[16]^[17]^[18]

Besides, lurkers seemed to be more critical of the technological elements enabling communities whereas posters appeared to be more critical of users who hampered community creation by making rude or unpleasant comments. Additionally, discussions indicate that both lurkers and posters had distinct motives for lurking and might modify their engagement behaviours based on how they understand the community from various online groups, despite the fact that engagement between those who post and those who lurk was different in the communities studied.^[19]

In China

In Mandarin Chinese, the terms wǎngmín (simplified Chinese: 网民; traditional Chinese: 網民, literally "netizen" or "net folks") and wǎngyǒu (simplified Chinese: 网友; traditional Chinese: 網友, literally "net friend" or "net mate") are commonly used terms meaning "internet users", and the English word netizen is used by mainland China-based English language media to translate both terms, resulting in the frequent appearance of that English word in media reporting about China, far more frequently than the use of the word in other contexts.^[20]^[21]

Netizen Prize

The international nonprofit organisation Reporters Without Borders awards an annual Netizen Prize in recognition to an internet user, blogger, cyber-dissident, or group who has helped to promote freedom of expression on the internet.^[22]^[23]^[24] The organisation uses the term when describing the political repression of cyber-dissidents such as legal consequences of blogging in politically repressive environments.

Psychological studies

With time, more and more people have started interacting and building communities online. The effect it has on human psychology and life is of major interest and concern to researchers. Several studies are being done on netizens under the name Netizens’ Psychology. ^[25]^[26] Problems are internet addiction, mental health, outrage, and the effect on kids' development are some of the many problems netizen psychology tries to focus on.^[27]

References

^ Tyler Vendetti (March 3, 2020). The Illustrated Compendium of Weirdly Specific Words: Including Bumbledom, Jumentous, Spaghettification, and More. Simon and Schuster. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-1-73251-266-5. Archived from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
^ Seese, Michael (2009). Scrappy Information Security. Happy About. p. 130. ISBN 978-1600051326. Archived from the original on September 5, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
^ Hauben, Michael. "The Expanding Commonwealth of Learning: Printing and the Net". columbia.edu. Archived from the original on May 1, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
^ Hauben, Michael F. (November 24, 1995). "The Netizens and Community Networks - Presented at the Hypernetwork '95 Beppu Bay Conference". Archived from the original on October 9, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c DeLoach, Amelia (September 1996). "What Does it Mean to be a Netizen?". Archived from the original on January 11, 1997. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
^ netizen Archived April 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Dictionary.com
^ The Net and Netizens by Michael Hauben Archived June 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Columbia University.
^ "What is netizen? definition". Archived from the original on April 29, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
^ Thompson, Steven John (April 30, 2014). Global Issues and Ethical Considerations in Human Enhancement Technologies. IGI Global. p. 4. ISBN 978-1466660106. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
^ Butler, Simon. "Michael F. Hauben". c250.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
^ Hauben, Ronda. "Internet PIONEER Michael Hauben". edu-cyberpg.com. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c Horvath, John (July 27, 2001). "Death of a Netizen". Heise Online. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
^ Orlowski, Andrew (June 30, 2001). "Michael Hauben, Netizen mati, dies". The Register. Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
^ "What is a Netizen?". Easy Tech Junkie. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
^ Hauben, Michael; Hauben, Ronda (May 11, 1997). "Preface: What is a Netizen". Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet (PDF). Wiley. pp. 2–3. ISBN 978-0-8186-7706-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
^ DeLoach, Amelia (September 1996). "What is a Netizen?". Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
^ "The need for a Netizens Association". March 1996. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
^ Hauben, Michael; Hauben, Ronda (November 1995). "What is a Netizen?". First Monday. doi:10.5210/fm.v3i7.606. Archived from the original on July 9, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
^ Zhu, Jiawen; Dawson, Kara (April 5, 2023). "Differences in sense of community and participation between lurkers and posters in informal online education-related communities". Behaviour & Information Technology. 43 (5): 929–942. doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2196571. ISSN 0144-929X. S2CID 257993277.
^ Brian Fung, "'Netizen': Why Is This Goofy-Sounding Word So Important in China? Archived November 16, 2017, at the Wayback Machine", The Atlantic, 11 October 2012
^ Matt Schiavenza, "Enough with the word "Netizen" Archived July 29, 2018, at the Wayback Machine", The Atlantic, 25 September 2013
^ "World Day Against Cyber-Censorship: new "Enemies of the Internet" list". rsf.org. March 11, 2011. Archived from the original on June 28, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
^ "Netizen Prize 2012: nominees". February 27, 2012. Archived from the original on April 21, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
^ Manea, Elham (November 5, 2014). "Reporters Without Borders award Raif Badawi the Netizen Prize for 2014". gmablog.org. Archived from the original on February 15, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
^ 'Netizens’ Psychological Behavior Analysis under Information Technology Background' Archived April 12, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Atlantis Press
^ Chen Chen; Honglu Liu; Xiaolan Guan (2015). "The research on psychological type of netizens in internet public opinion's embryonic stage: A case study of Malaysia Airlines loss of communication". 2015 International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS). pp. 1–5. doi:10.1109/LISS.2015.7369798. ISBN 978-1-4799-1891-1. S2CID 17046843.
^ "Research on Relationship Among Internet-Addiction, Personality Traits and Mental Health of Urban Left-Behind Children".
^ Mossberger, Karen. "Digital Citizenship - The Internet, Society and Participation" by Karen Mossberger, Caroline J. Tolbert, and Ramona S. McNeal. 23 November 2011. ISBN 978-0819456069

External links

The Mysterious Netizen

[Vendetti2020-1] Tyler Vendetti (March 3, 2020). The Illustrated Compendium of Weirdly Specific Words: Including Bumbledom, Jumentous, Spaghettification, and More. Simon and Schuster. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-1-73251-266-5. Archived from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved March 28, 2021.

[2] Seese, Michael (2009). Scrappy Information Security. Happy About. p. 130. ISBN 978-1600051326. Archived from the original on September 5, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2015.

[3] Hauben, Michael. "The Expanding Commonwealth of Learning: Printing and the Net". columbia.edu. Archived from the original on May 1, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2015.

[4] Hauben, Michael F. (November 24, 1995). "The Netizens and Community Networks - Presented at the Hypernetwork '95 Beppu Bay Conference". Archived from the original on October 9, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2015.

[amelia-5] DeLoach, Amelia (September 1996). "What Does it Mean to be a Netizen?". Archived from the original on January 11, 1997. Retrieved June 6, 2015.

[6] netizen Archived April 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Dictionary.com

[Hauben-7] The Net and Netizens by Michael Hauben Archived June 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Columbia University.

[8] "What is netizen? definition". Archived from the original on April 29, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2011.

[9] Thompson, Steven John (April 30, 2014). Global Issues and Ethical Considerations in Human Enhancement Technologies. IGI Global. p. 4. ISBN 978-1466660106. Retrieved June 6, 2015.

[10] Butler, Simon. "Michael F. Hauben". c250.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2015.

[11] Hauben, Ronda. "Internet PIONEER Michael Hauben". edu-cyberpg.com. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2015.

[heise-12] Horvath, John (July 27, 2001). "Death of a Netizen". Heise Online. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.

[regis-13] Orlowski, Andrew (June 30, 2001). "Michael Hauben, Netizen mati, dies". The Register. Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2015.

[14] "What is a Netizen?". Easy Tech Junkie. Retrieved August 31, 2022.

[15] Hauben, Michael; Hauben, Ronda (May 11, 1997). "Preface: What is a Netizen". Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet (PDF). Wiley. pp. 2–3. ISBN 978-0-8186-7706-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2015.

[16] DeLoach, Amelia (September 1996). "What is a Netizen?". Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.

[:1-17] "The need for a Netizens Association". March 1996. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.

[18] Hauben, Michael; Hauben, Ronda (November 1995). "What is a Netizen?". First Monday. doi:10.5210/fm.v3i7.606. Archived from the original on July 9, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.

[19] Zhu, Jiawen; Dawson, Kara (April 5, 2023). "Differences in sense of community and participation between lurkers and posters in informal online education-related communities". Behaviour & Information Technology. 43 (5): 929–942. doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2196571. ISSN 0144-929X. S2CID 257993277.

[:0-20] Brian Fung, "'Netizen': Why Is This Goofy-Sounding Word So Important in China? Archived November 16, 2017, at the Wayback Machine", The Atlantic, 11 October 2012

[21] Matt Schiavenza, "Enough with the word "Netizen" Archived July 29, 2018, at the Wayback Machine", The Atlantic, 25 September 2013

[22] "World Day Against Cyber-Censorship: new "Enemies of the Internet" list". rsf.org. March 11, 2011. Archived from the original on June 28, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.

[23] "Netizen Prize 2012: nominees". February 27, 2012. Archived from the original on April 21, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.

[24] Manea, Elham (November 5, 2014). "Reporters Without Borders award Raif Badawi the Netizen Prize for 2014". gmablog.org. Archived from the original on February 15, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2015.

[25] 'Netizens’ Psychological Behavior Analysis under Information Technology Background' Archived April 12, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Atlantis Press

[26] Chen Chen; Honglu Liu; Xiaolan Guan (2015). "The research on psychological type of netizens in internet public opinion's embryonic stage: A case study of Malaysia Airlines loss of communication". 2015 International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS). pp. 1–5. doi:10.1109/LISS.2015.7369798. ISBN 978-1-4799-1891-1. S2CID 17046843.

[27] "Research on Relationship Among Internet-Addiction, Personality Traits and Mental Health of Urban Left-Behind Children".

[28] Mossberger, Karen. "Digital Citizenship - The Internet, Society and Participation" by Karen Mossberger, Caroline J. Tolbert, and Ramona S. McNeal. 23 November 2011. ISBN 978-0819456069

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|"Internet citizen"; a person involved in Internet communities}}
-{{Use mdy dates|date = February 2019}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}}
 {{wiktionary}}
-The term '''netizen''' is a [[portmanteau]] of the [[English language|English]] [[word]]s [[internet]] and [[citizen]],<ref name="Vendetti2020">{{cite book|author=Tyler Vendetti|title=The Illustrated Compendium of Weirdly Specific Words: Including Bumbledom, Jumentous, Spaghettification, and More|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FabODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT70|date=3 March 2020|publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]]|isbn=978-1-73251-266-5|pages=70–|access-date=March 28, 2021|archive-date=May 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507032245/https://books.google.com/books?id=FabODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT70|url-status=live}}</ref> as in a "citizen of the net" or "net citizen".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Seese|first1=Michael|isbn=978-1600051326|page=130|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3noNR3IfSpgC&q=citizen+of+the+net&pg=PA130|title=Scrappy Information Security|year=2009|access-date=5 June 2015|archive-date=September 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905151414/https://books.google.com/books?id=3noNR3IfSpgC&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=citizen+of+the+net|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hauben|first1=Michael|title=The Expanding Commonwealth of Learning: Printing and the Net|url=http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/CS/printing.txt|website=columbia.edu|access-date=5 June 2015|archive-date=May 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501082710/http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/CS/printing.txt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hauben|first1=Michael F.|title=The Netizens and Community Networks - Presented at the Hypernetwork '95 Beppu Bay Conference|url=http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/text/bbc95spch.txt|access-date=6 June 2015|date=24 November 1995|archive-date=October 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009111930/http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/text/bbc95spch.txt|url-status=live}}</ref> It describes a person<ref name="amelia">{{cite web|last1=DeLoach|first1=Amelia|title=What Does it Mean to be a Netizen?|url=http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/sep/callnet.html|access-date=6 June 2015|date=September 1996|archive-date=January 11, 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970111062019/http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/sep/callnet.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Online participation|actively involved in online communities]] or the Internet in general.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/netizen ''netizen''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421223939/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/netizen |date=April 21, 2012 }}, Dictionary.com</ref><ref name=Hauben>[http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/ch106.x01 ''The Net and Netizens by Michael Hauben''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604214312/http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/ch106.x01 |date=June 4, 2011 }}, Columbia University.</ref>
+The term '''netizen''' is a [[portmanteau]] of the [[English language|English]] [[word]]s ''[[internet]]'' and ''[[citizen]]'',<ref name="Vendetti2020">{{cite book|author=Tyler Vendetti|title=The Illustrated Compendium of Weirdly Specific Words: Including Bumbledom, Jumentous, Spaghettification, and More|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FabODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT70|date=3 March 2020|publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]]|isbn=978-1-73251-266-5|pages=70–|access-date=March 28, 2021|archive-date=May 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507032245/https://books.google.com/books?id=FabODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT70|url-status=live}}</ref> as in a "citizen of the net" or "net citizen".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Seese|first1=Michael|isbn=978-1600051326|page=130|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3noNR3IfSpgC&q=citizen+of+the+net&pg=PA130|title=Scrappy Information Security|year=2009|publisher=Happy About |access-date=5 June 2015|archive-date=September 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905151414/https://books.google.com/books?id=3noNR3IfSpgC&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=citizen+of+the+net|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hauben|first1=Michael|title=The Expanding Commonwealth of Learning: Printing and the Net|url=http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/CS/printing.txt|website=columbia.edu|access-date=5 June 2015|archive-date=May 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501082710/http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/CS/printing.txt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hauben|first1=Michael F.|title=The Netizens and Community Networks - Presented at the Hypernetwork '95 Beppu Bay Conference|url=http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/text/bbc95spch.txt|access-date=6 June 2015|date=24 November 1995|archive-date=October 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009111930/http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/text/bbc95spch.txt|url-status=live}}</ref> It describes a person<ref name="amelia">{{cite web|last1=DeLoach|first1=Amelia|title=What Does it Mean to be a Netizen?|url=http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/sep/callnet.html|access-date=6 June 2015|date=September 1996|archive-date=January 11, 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970111062019/http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/sep/callnet.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Online participation|actively involved in online communities]] or the Internet in general.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/netizen ''netizen''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421223939/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/netizen |date=April 21, 2012 }}, Dictionary.com</ref><ref name=Hauben>[http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/ch106.x01 ''The Net and Netizens by Michael Hauben''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604214312/http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/ch106.x01 |date=June 4, 2011 }}, Columbia University.</ref>
-The term commonly also implies an interest and active engagement in improving the internet, making it an intellectual and a social resource,<ref name="amelia"/> or its surrounding political structures, especially in regard to [[open access]], [[net neutrality]] and [[Freedom of speech#The Internet and information society|free speech]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212636,00.html |title=''What is netizen? definition'' |access-date=October 2, 2011 |archive-date=April 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429115816/http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212636,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The term was widely adopted in the mid-1990s as a way to describe those who inhabit the new geography of the internet.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Thompson|first1=Steven John|title=Global Issues and Ethical Considerations in Human Enhancement Technologies|date=April 30, 2014|isbn=978-1466660106|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DBGXBQAAQBAJ&q=netizen+inhabit&pg=PA4|access-date=6 June 2015}}</ref> Internet pioneer and author [[Michael F. Hauben]] is credited with coining and popularizing the term.<ref name="amelia"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Butler|first1=Simon|title=Michael F. Hauben|url=http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/your_columbians/michael_hauben.html|website=c250.columbia.edu|access-date=6 June 2015|archive-date=August 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814060737/http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/your_columbians/michael_hauben.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hauben|first1=Ronda|title=Internet PIONEER Michael Hauben|url=http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/IEC/hauben.html|website=edu-cyberpg.com|access-date=6 June 2015|archive-date=January 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122200440/https://edu-cyberpg.com/IEC/hauben.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="heise">{{cite web|last1=Horvath|first1=John|title=Death of a Netizen|url=http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/9/9180/1.html|publisher=Heise Online|access-date=6 June 2015|date=27 July 2001|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924162800/http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/9/9180/1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="regis">{{cite web|last1=Orlowski|first1=Andrew|title=Michael Hauben, Netizen mati, dies|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/06/30/michael_hauben_netizen_dies/|publisher=The Register|access-date=6 June 2015|date=30 June 2001|archive-date=August 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810133714/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/06/30/michael_hauben_netizen_dies//|url-status=live}}</ref>
+The term also commonly implies an interest and active engagement in improving the internet, making it an intellectual and a social resource,<ref name="amelia"/> or its surrounding political structures, especially in regard to [[open access]], [[net neutrality]] and [[Freedom of speech#The Internet and information society|free speech]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212636,00.html |title=''What is netizen? definition'' |access-date=October 2, 2011 |archive-date=April 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429115816/http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212636,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The term was widely adopted in the mid-1990s as a way to describe those who inhabit the new geography of the internet.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Thompson|first1=Steven John|title=Global Issues and Ethical Considerations in Human Enhancement Technologies|date=April 30, 2014|isbn=978-1466660106|page=4|publisher=IGI Global |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DBGXBQAAQBAJ&q=netizen+inhabit&pg=PA4|access-date=6 June 2015}}</ref> Internet pioneer and author [[Michael F. Hauben]] is credited with coining and popularizing the term.<ref name="amelia"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Butler|first1=Simon|title=Michael F. Hauben|url=http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/your_columbians/michael_hauben.html|website=c250.columbia.edu|access-date=6 June 2015|archive-date=August 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814060737/http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/your_columbians/michael_hauben.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hauben|first1=Ronda|title=Internet PIONEER Michael Hauben|url=http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/IEC/hauben.html|website=edu-cyberpg.com|access-date=6 June 2015|archive-date=January 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122200440/https://edu-cyberpg.com/IEC/hauben.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="heise">{{cite web|last1=Horvath|first1=John|title=Death of a Netizen|url=http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/9/9180/1.html|publisher=Heise Online|access-date=6 June 2015|date=27 July 2001|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924162800/http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/9/9180/1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="regis">{{cite web|last1=Orlowski|first1=Andrew|title=Michael Hauben, Netizen mati, dies|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/06/30/michael_hauben_netizen_dies/|publisher=The Register|access-date=6 June 2015|date=30 June 2001|archive-date=August 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810133714/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/06/30/michael_hauben_netizen_dies//|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ==Determining factor==<!--/Explanations from ... on what a Neitzen is-->
-In general, any individual who has access to the internet has the potential to be classified as a netizen. In the 21st century, this is made possible by the global connectivity of the internet. People can physically be located in one country but connected most of the world via a global network.<ref name="heise"/>
+In general, any individual who has access to the internet has the potential to be classified as a netizen. In the 21st century, this is made possible by the global connectivity of the internet. People can physically be located in one country but connected to most of the world via a global network.<ref name="heise"/>
-There is a clear distinction between netizens and people who come online to use the internet. A netizen is described as an individual who actively seeks to contribute to the development of the internet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is a Netizen? |url=http://www.easytechjunkie.com/what-is-a-netizen.htm |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=Easy Tech Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref> Netizens are not individuals who go online for personal gain or profit, but instead actively seeks to make the internet a better place.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hauben|first1=Michael|last2=Hauben|first2=Ronda|title=Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet|isbn=978-0-8186-7706-9|pages=2–3|url=http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/66/08186770/0818677066-1.pdf|chapter=Preface: What is a Netizen|date=May 11, 1997|access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-date=February 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212194809/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/66/08186770/0818677066-1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="heise"/>
+There is a clear distinction between netizens and people who come online to use the internet. A netizen is described as an individual who actively seek to contribute to the development of the internet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is a Netizen? |url=http://www.easytechjunkie.com/what-is-a-netizen.htm |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=Easy Tech Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref> Netizens are not individuals who go online for personal gain or profit, but instead actively seeks to make the internet a better place.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hauben|first1=Michael|last2=Hauben|first2=Ronda|title=Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet|isbn=978-0-8186-7706-9|pages=2–3|url=http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/66/08186770/0818677066-1.pdf|chapter=Preface: What is a Netizen|date=May 11, 1997|publisher=Wiley |access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-date=February 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212194809/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/66/08186770/0818677066-1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="heise"/>
-A term used to classify internet users who do not actively contribute to the development of the internet is "[[lurker]]". Lurkers cannot be classified as netizens, as although they do not actively harm the internet, they do not contribute either.<ref>{{cite web|last1=DeLoach|first1=Amelia|title=What is a Netizen?|url=http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/sep/netizen.html|access-date=6 June 2015|date=September 1996|archive-date=July 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710233024/http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/sep/netizen.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=The need for a Netizens Association|url=http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/text/netizen-a-call.html|access-date=8 July 2015|date=March 1996|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924053200/http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/text/netizen-a-call.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hauben|first1=Michael|last2=Hauben|first2=Ronda|title=What is a Netizen?|url=http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/606/527|journal=First Monday|access-date=8 July 2015|date=November 1995|doi=10.5210/fm.v3i7.606|archive-date=July 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709182603/http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/606/527|url-status=live}}</ref>
+A term used to classify internet users who do not actively contribute to the development of the internet is "[[lurker]]". Lurkers cannot be classified as netizens, as although they do not actively harm the internet, they do not contribute either.<ref>{{cite web|last1=DeLoach|first1=Amelia|title=What is a Netizen?|url=http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/sep/netizen.html|access-date=6 June 2015|date=September 1996|archive-date=July 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710233024/http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/sep/netizen.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=The need for a Netizens Association|url=http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/text/netizen-a-call.html|access-date=8 July 2015|date=March 1996|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924053200/http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/text/netizen-a-call.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hauben|first1=Michael|last2=Hauben|first2=Ronda|title=What is a Netizen?|url=http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/606/527|journal=First Monday|access-date=8 July 2015|date=November 1995|doi=10.5210/fm.v3i7.606|archive-date=July 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709182603/http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/606/527|url-status=live |doi-access=free }}</ref>
+Besides, lurkers seemed to be more critical of the technological elements enabling communities whereas posters appeared to be more critical of users who hampered community creation by making rude or unpleasant comments. Additionally, discussions indicate that both lurkers and posters had distinct motives for lurking and might modify their engagement behaviours based on how they understand the community from various online groups, despite the fact that engagement between those who post and those who lurk was different in the communities studied.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhu |first1=Jiawen |last2=Dawson |first2=Kara |date=2023-04-05 |title=Differences in sense of community and participation between lurkers and posters in informal online education-related communities |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2023.2196571 |journal=Behaviour & Information Technology |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=929–942 |doi=10.1080/0144929x.2023.2196571 |s2cid=257993277 |issn=0144-929X}}</ref>
 ==In China==<!--or "Usage of the term/word in China?-->
-{{See also|Internet in China}}
+{{See also|Internet in China}}{{Expand Chinese|date=April 2024|topic=cult|section=yes}}
 In [[Mandarin Chinese]], the terms ''wǎngmín'' ({{zh|t=網民|s=网民}}, literally "netizen" or "net folks") and ''wǎngyǒu'' ({{zh|t=網友|s=网友}}, literally "net friend" or "net mate") are commonly used terms meaning "internet users", and the English word ''netizen'' is used by [[mainland China]]-based [[English language]] media to translate both terms, resulting in the frequent appearance of that English word in media reporting about China, far more frequently than the use of the word in other contexts.<ref name=":0">Brian Fung, "[https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/netizen-why-is-this-goofy-sounding-word-so-important-in-china/263245/ 'Netizen': Why Is This Goofy-Sounding Word So Important in China?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002158/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/netizen-why-is-this-goofy-sounding-word-so-important-in-china/263245/ |date=November 16, 2017 }}", ''The Atlantic'', 11 October 2012</ref><ref>Matt Schiavenza, "[https://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/09/enough-with-the-word-netizen/279969/ Enough with the word "Netizen"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729043129/https://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/09/enough-with-the-word-netizen/279969/ |date=July 29, 2018 }}", ''The Atlantic'', 25 September 2013</ref>
-==The Netizen Prize==
+== Netizen Prize==
 {{main|Reporters Without Borders#Netizen Prize}}
 The international nonprofit organisation [[Reporters Without Borders]] awards an annual [[Reporters Without Borders#Netizen Prize|Netizen Prize]] in recognition to an internet user, [[blogger]], [[cyber-dissident]], or group who has helped to promote freedom of expression on the internet.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Day Against Cyber-Censorship: new "Enemies of the Internet" list |url=https://en.rsf.org/nawaat-reporters-without-borders-11-03-2011,39776.html |website=rsf.org |access-date=6 June 2015 |date=11 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628212148/http://en.rsf.org/nawaat-reporters-without-borders-11-03-2011%2C39776.html |archive-date=28 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Netizen Prize 2012: nominees |url=https://en.rsf.org/netizen-prize-2012-27-02-2012,41938.html |access-date=6 June 2015 |date=27 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421213301/http://en.rsf.org/netizen-prize-2012-27-02-2012%2C41938.html |archive-date=21 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Manea|first1=Elham|title=Reporters Without Borders award Raif Badawi the Netizen Prize for 2014|url=http://gmablog.org/2014/11/05/reporters-without-borders-award-raif-badawi-the-netizen-prize-for-2014/|website=gmablog.org|access-date=6 June 2015|date=5 November 2014|archive-date=February 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215131344/https://gmablog.org/2014/11/05/reporters-without-borders-award-raif-badawi-the-netizen-prize-for-2014/|url-status=live}}</ref> The organisation uses the term when describing the [[political repression of cyber-dissidents]] such as [[Blog#Legal and social consequences|legal consequences of blogging]] in politically repressive environments.
 ==Psychological studies==<!--/Psychological studies being carried in this field-->
-With time, more and more people have started interacting and building communities online. Some communities are so strong, they outsmart offline-communities.<ref>'[[r/wallstreetbets]]', Wikipedia</ref> The effect it has on human psychology and life is of major interest and concern of researchers. Several studies are being done on netizen under the name Netizens’ Psychology. <ref>[https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icsste-15/18762 'Netizens’ Psychological Behavior Analysis under Information Technology Background'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412083420/https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icsste-15/18762 |date=April 12, 2021 }}, Atlantis Press</ref><ref>[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7369798 'The research on psychological type of netizens in internet public opinion's embryonic stage: A case study of Malaysia Airlines loss of communication'], IEEE Xplore</ref> Problems are internet [[addiction]], [[mental health]], outrage, and effect on kids' development are some of the many problems netizen psychology tries to focus on.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research on Relationship Among Internet-Addiction, Personality Traits and Mental Health of Urban Left-Behind Children |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273311278_Research_on_Relationship_Among_Internet-Addiction_Personality_Traits_and_Mental_Health_of_Urban_Left-Behind_Children}}</ref>
+With time, more and more people have started interacting and building communities online. The effect it has on human psychology and life is of major interest and concern to researchers. Several studies are being done on netizens under the name Netizens’ Psychology. <ref>[https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icsste-15/18762 'Netizens’ Psychological Behavior Analysis under Information Technology Background'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412083420/https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icsste-15/18762 |date=April 12, 2021 }}, Atlantis Press</ref><ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7369798 | doi=10.1109/LISS.2015.7369798 | chapter=The research on psychological type of netizens in internet public opinion's embryonic stage: A case study of Malaysia Airlines loss of communication | title=2015 International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS) | year=2015 | last1=Chen Chen | last2=Honglu Liu | last3=Xiaolan Guan | pages=1–5 | isbn=978-1-4799-1891-1 | s2cid=17046843 }}</ref> Problems are internet [[addiction]], [[mental health]], outrage, and the effect on kids' development are some of the many problems netizen psychology tries to focus on.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research on Relationship Among Internet-Addiction, Personality Traits and Mental Health of Urban Left-Behind Children |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273311278}}</ref>
 ==See also==<!--(could also be renamed to "related concepts")-->
+{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
 * [[Digital citizen]] – citizens (of the physical space) using the Internet as a tool in order to engage in society, politics, and government participation<ref>Mossberger, Karen. "Digital Citizenship - The Internet, Society and Participation" by [[Karen Mossberger]], [[Caroline Tolbert|Caroline J. Tolbert]], and Ramona S. McNeal. 23 November 2011. {{ISBN|978-0819456069}}</ref>
 * [[Digital native]] – a person who has grown up in the information age
 * [[Netiquette]] – social conventions for online communities
 * [[Cyberspace]] – the new societal territory that is inhabited by Netizens
+* [[Information Age]]
 * [[Internet age]]
+* [[Network society]]
 * [[Active citizenship]] – the concept that citizens have certain roles and responsibilities to society and the environment and should actively participate
 * [[Social Age]]
 * [[List of Internet pioneers]] – those who helped erect the theoretical and technological foundation of the Internet (instead of improving its content, utility or political aspects)
 * [[Participatory culture]] – a culture in which the public does not act merely as consumers and voters, but also as contributors, producers and active participants
+{{Div col end}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 50: / Line 56: @@
 [[Category:Social influence]]
 [[Category:Cyberspace]]
+[[Category:Hyperreality]]
 [[Category:Virtual communities]]
 [[Category:Citizenship]]