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[[Image:Milk glass.jpg|thumb|200px|A glass of [[pasteurized]] [[cow]] milk.]]
'''Milk''' is an opaque white liquid produced by the [[mammary gland]]s of female [[mammal]]s (including [[monotreme]]s). It provides the primary source of nutrition for [[infant|newborns]] before they are able to [[digestion|digest]] other types of food. The early [[lactation]] milk is known as [[colostrum]], and carries the mother's [[antibody|antibodies]] to the baby. It can reduce the risk of many diseases in the baby. The exact components of raw milk varies by species, but it contains significant amounts of [[saturated fat]], [[protein]] and [[calcium]] as well as [[vitamin C]].

==Types of consumption==
There are two distinct types of milk consumption: a natural source of nutrition for all infant mammals; and a food product for humans of all ages derived from other animals.

===Nutrition for infant mammals===
[[Image:Kid feeding on mothers milk.jpg|thumb|250px|A goat kid feeding on its mother's milk.]]
In almost all mammals, milk is fed to [[infant]]s through [[breastfeeding]], either directly or, for chickens are smelly, by [[breastfeeding#expression|expressing]] the milk to be stored and consumed later. Some cultures, historically or currently, continue to use breast milk to feed their children until as old as seven years.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/features/article388488.ece . . . or just go with the flow?]. [[The Times]], [[May 5]], [[2005]].</ref>

===Food product for humans===
In many cultures of the world, especially the Western world, humans continue to consume milk beyond infancy, using the milk of other animals (in particular, cows) as a food product. For millennia, cow milk has been processed into dairy products such as [[cream]], [[butter]], [[yogurt]], [[ice cream]], and especially the more durable and easily transportable product, [[cheese]]. Industrial science has brought us [[casein]], [[whey protein]], [[lactose]], [[condensed milk]], [[powdered milk]], and many other food-additive and industrial products.

{|class="wikitable" align=left style="clear:left"
! colspan=4|Top Ten Milk Consumers — 2006 Per Capita Consumption
|-
| Country || Liters || Cheese (kg) || Butter(kg)
|-
| {{FIN}} || 183.9 || 19.1 || 5.3
|-
| {{SWE}} || 145.5 || 18.5 || 1.0
|-
| {{IRL}} || 129.8 || 10.5 || 2.9
|-
| {{NED}} || 122.9 || 20.4 || 3.3
|-
| {{NOR}} || 116.7 || 16.0 || 4.3
|-
| {{ESP}} || 119.1 || 9.6 || 1.0
|-
| {{SUI}} || 112.5 || 22.2 || 5.6
|-
| {{GBR}} || 111.2 || 12.2 || 3.7
|-
| {{AUS}} || 106.3 || 11.7 || 3.7
|-
| {{CAN}} || 94.7 || 12.2 || 3.3
|-
|colspan=4 style="font-size:.7em"|Source: [http://www.foodsci.uoguelph.ca/dairyedu/intro.html Introduction to Dairy Science and Technology: Milk History, Consumption, Production, and Composition]
|}
|}
{{archive box|<small>For discussions from June 2003 till just before what's in this page, see [[/Archives]]. RFA discussions before '''June 2003''' took place on a [[Wikipedia:mailing lists|mailing list]]. RFA-related discussions may also be found at the [[Wikipedia:Bureaucrats' noticeboard|Bureaucrats' noticeboard]].<small>}}{{User:MiszaBot/config
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== "Are you over 18" ==
Humans are an exception in the natural world for consuming milk past infancy. Even those humans who drink milk after eating solid foods are uncommon within the whole of humanity.{{Fact|date=March 2008}} Most humans lose the ability to fully digest milk after childhood (that is, they become [[lactose intolerant]]).{{Fact|date=March 2008}} The sugar [[lactose]] is found only in milk, [[forsythia]] flowers, and a few tropical shrubs. The enzyme needed to digest lactose, [[lactase]], reaches its highest levels in the small intestines after birth and then begins a slow decline unless milk is consumed regularly. <ref name="On Food and Cooking">{{cite book
| last = McGee
| first = Harold
| authorlink = Harold McGee
| title = On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen
| year = 1984
| publisher = Charles Scribner's Sons
| location = New York
| language = English
| isbn = 0-684-18132-0
| pages = 3-53
| chapter = Milk and Dairy Products
}}</ref> On the other hand, those groups that do continue to tolerate milk often have exercised great creativity in using the milk of [[domestication|domesticated]] [[ungulates]], not only of [[cow]]s, but also [[sheep]], [[goat]]s, [[yak]]s, [[water buffalo]], [[horse]]s, and [[camel]]s.


Should we discourage this question on privacy grounds? A person should not have to yield any personal information to earn our consideration at RfA, and while we all know that while these questions are "optional", people feel that they're expected to answer. There's pressure.
The term ''milk'' is also used for whitish non-animal substitutes such as [[soy milk]], [[rice milk]], [[almond milk]], and [[coconut milk]]. Even the regurgitated substance secreted by glands in the mucosa of their upper digestive tract which [[Columbidae|pigeons]] feed their young is called [[crop milk]] though it bears little resemblance to mammalian milk.


We all get so concerned about privacy on BLPs, trying to protect publicly-available information like the first names of spouses, and even &mdash; in one [[Walter Sedlmayr|recent and incredible effort]] which was thankfully rejected &mdash; trying to conceal the surnames of the convicted torture-murderers Manfred Lauber and Wolfgang Werlé. There are obvious differences &mdash; that's article space and this isn't, those pages are indexed and these pages are NOINDEXed &mdash; but there would be much hypocrisy in discouraging the inclusion of publicly-available information on notable persons while condoning systematized requests for private information from our own editors.
==History==
[[Image:Holstein cows large.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Holstein (cattle)|Holstein]] cattle, the dominant breed in industrialized dairying today.]]


And no, I'm not some 12-year-old pissed off because there's an ongoing age crackdown at RfA. I'm well over 18, and I'm not afraid to disclose my age. But some people may want to keep that sort of thing a secret ''and not be judged for refusing to give the information'', so this should never become a regular question at RfA.
Milking has its advent in the very evolution of [[placental mammal]]s. While the exact time of its appearance is not known, the immediate ancestors of modern mammals were much like [[monotreme]]s, including the [[platypus]]. Such animals today produce a milk-like substance from glands on the surface of their skin, but without the nipple, for their offspring to drink after hatching from their eggs. Likewise, [[marsupial]]s, the closest cousin to placental mammals, produce a milk-like substance from a teat-like organ in their pouches. The earliest immediate ancestor of placental mammals known seems to be [[eomaia]], a small creature superficially resembling rodents, that is thought to have lived 125 million years ago, during the [[Cretaceous]] era. It almost certainly produced what would be considered milk, in the same way as modern placental mammals.


I remember being discouraged from asking a regular policy question about open editing and anonymous users, on the grounds that too many questions are being asked, and too many people are reluctant to undergo the ordeal. Since candidates are overburdened already, is it appropriate to be pressuring them for personal information through the question system? '''[[User:Mr. IP|<font color="blue">Mr. IP</font>]]'''&nbsp;'''《[[User_talk:Mr. IP|<font color="red">Defender of Open Editing</font>]]》''' 00:12, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Animal milk is first known to have been used as human food at the beginning of animal domestication. [[Cow]] milk was first used as human food in the [[Middle East]]. [[Goats]] and [[sheep]] were [[domesticated]] in the [[Middle East]] between 9000 and 8000 BC{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. Goats and sheep are [[ruminant]]s: [[mammals]] adapted to survive on a diet of dry [[grass]], a food source otherwise useless to humans, and one that is easily stockpiled. The animals were probably first kept for [[meat]] and [[hides]]{{Fact|date=March 2007}}, but dairying proved to be a more efficient way of turning uncultivated [[grasslands]] into sustenance: the food value of an animal killed for [[meat]] can be matched by perhaps one year's worth of milk from the same animal, which will keep producing milk — in convenient daily portions — for years.<ref>McGee, 8-10</ref>
:The question should be discouraged indeed. Simply saying that it is "optional" no longer cuts it; people assume any kind of refusal to answer is the confirmation that said person is under 18. unlike the abilities of Permissions such as Checkuser, which require identification and a minimal age, any acts committed with admin abilities can be quickly and easily corrected; there's no reason that a "minimal age" should be considered. In any case, setting a number is impossible; countries and cultures have different standards of when one is considered an "adult", and since this isn't a legal matter there can be no claim that we must abide by the US definition. [[User:Ironholds|<b style="color:#D3D3D3">Ir</b><b style="color:#A9A9A9">on</b><b style="color:#808080">ho</b>]][[User talk:Ironholds|<b style="color:#696969">ld</b><b style="color:#000">s</b>]] 00:17, 7 September 2008 (UTC)


:Has this question been asked lately? &mdash; [[User:Rdsmith4|Dan]] | [[User talk:Rdsmith4|talk]] 00:25, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Around 7000 BC, [[cattle]] were being herded in parts of [[Turkey]]. There is evidence from DNA extraction of skeletons from the [[Neolithic period]] that people in the northern [[Europe]] could not consume milk as they were missing the necessary genes to process lactose. Scientists claim it is more likely that the genetic mutation allowing the digestion of milk arose at some point after dairy farming began.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6397001.stm Early man 'couldn't stomach milk</ref> The use of [[cheese]] and [[butter]] spread in [[Europe]], parts of [[Asia]] and parts of [[Africa]]. Domestic cows, which previously existed throughout much of [[Eurasia]], were then introduced to the colonies of Europe during the [[Age of exploration]]. {{Fact|date=February 2007}}


::@Dan: Yep: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship/Synergy#Questions_for_the_candidate #11. Regards, —[[user:aitias|αἰτίας]] ''•''[[User talk:Aitias|''discussion'']]''•'' 00:30, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Milk was first delivered in [[Milk bottle|bottles]] on [[January 11]], [[1878]]. The day is now remembered as '''Milk Day''' and is celebrated annually. The town of [[Harvard, Illinois]] also celebrates milk in the summer with a festival known as Milk Days. Theirs is a different tradition meant to celebrate dairy farmers in the "Milk Capital of the World."<ref>[http://www.milkdays.com/ Harvard Milk Days<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
:I agree that the over 18 question should be discouraged on privacy grounds, although I am not sure how exactly to do that. I actually share many of Sandstein's concerns about underage admins, but I think that asking direct questions regarding any kind of personal data is not appropriate. If the candidate has chosen to previosly disclose this info somewhere else (on their user page, talk page, etc), that's a different story. [[User:Nsk92|Nsk92]] ([[User talk:Nsk92|talk]]) 00:37, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:I don't like this question either, but I have some questions about the rationale. None of these are rhetorical. What is the precise problem or evil excluding the question seeks to prevent? Making it more difficult to find out an editor is a child? Making it more difficult to locate, identify, out, or harass a child editor? To what extent does knowledge of age help someone to determine a child's RL ID? Does every (child) candidate have a problem with answering the age question or are some happy to answer it? If the only problem is editors getting discouraged from participation in an arduous process, then would discouraging votes based on the candidate's refusal to answer optional questions (and perhaps bureaucratic disregard of such votes specifically regarding the age question) solve this problem more effectively?--[[User:Chaser|chaser]] - [[User_talk:Chaser|t]] 00:48, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::Let me take these one at a time.
:::*1.) I think that excluding the question would prevent editors from being pressured to reveal an aspect of personal identity they have not indicated any willingness to reveal, and also have the salutary effect of forcing a contribs-based judgment of maturity rather than an age-based judgment of maturity.
:::*2.) Well, I don't think we should have to "find out" any aspect of an editor's identity.
:::*3.) This isn't really a worry about protecting children, I wouldn't say. There's plenty of "out" children on this site, and if someone were preying on kids here, there's plenty around.
:::*4.) I don't think knowing age could help determine ID. Not much, anyway.
:::*5.) I figure that anyone who hasn't already volunteered that information would prefer to do it at a time and place of their choosing.
:::*6.) I guess the possible discouragement of candidates from participation is not my main concern. I mostly brought that up because I was previously asked not to use a general "standardized" question on open editing, under the rationale that overquestioning discourages candidacies. I do worry that someone might avoid service to the project as an administrator because they fear they will be pressured to reveal personal information &mdash; and !voted against if they don't &mdash; but it's not my main problem with the age question.
::Hope that helps. '''[[User:Mr. IP|<font color="blue">Mr. IP</font>]]'''&nbsp;'''《[[User_talk:Mr. IP|<font color="red">Defender of Open Editing</font>]]》''' 06:17, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::I think that asking the under 18 question in RfAs sets a general bad precedent regarding privacy-related info on WP. I don't believe that any WP editor should ''ever'' be required to disclose any personal information about themselves, such as gender, age, nationality, religion, where they live, what their profession is, etc. It is very easy to get on a slippery slope with questions like that, and I would rather we did not start down that road at all. [[User:Nsk92|Nsk92]] ([[User talk:Nsk92|talk]]) 01:11, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:::I agree. We should not request that a user reveal personal information about themselves as a prerequisite to becoming an admin. It raises privacy concerns, and is totally irrelevant in determining whether someone is fit to be an admin. The only things that matter are the quality of the applicant's work and the soundness of their judgement. If someone has demonstrated through their contributions the level head and hard work necessary to convince me they should be an admin, then I don't care how old or young they are and neither should the 'pedia. [[User:Reyk|<font color="Maroon">'''Reyk'''</font>]] <sub>[[User talk:Reyk|'''<font color="Blue">YO!</font>''']]</sub> 01:53, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:::These questions ''should'' be optional anyway, so they shouldn't ''have'' to be answered, but things naturally ''don't'' work out that way. —[[User:Animum|<b style="color:#002BB8">Animum</b>]] <small>([[User_talk:Animum|''talk'']])</small> 01:58, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::::This question should never be asked at an RFA, it's adminship for god's sake not checkuser. It puts the candidate between a rock and a hard place, because if the person doesn't answer it they are considered as being under 18, so it therefore is not optional and it is asking a person to reveal private information that is not necessary to decide whether or not a person is eligible for adminship. The only thing that ''is needed'' to see if a person is eligible is [[Special:Contributions]]. I would request that if this question is asked again on another RFA it will be reverted on site. --<small style="color:#999;white-space:nowrap">[[User:Coffee|<big style="color:#ffa439">Coffee</big>]] // [[user talk:Coffee|<font color="#090">talk</font>]] // [[WP:ARK|<font color="#4682b4">ark</font>]] // 02:04, 7 September 2008 (UTC)</small>


:::::My sentiments exactly, Coffee. Every time I see this question asked I want to respond "old enough to be an admin" for them. &mdash; [[User talk:Springeragh|<span style="background:#808;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;">&nbsp;'''''$PЯING'''''εrαgђ&nbsp;</span>]] 02:06 [[7 September]], [[2008]] (UTC)
==Other animal sources==
::::::I agree that it's an inappropriate question, and I say that as one of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Undelete&target=User%3AShapiros10%2FUnder-18%2Cdon%27t_give_a_damn_about_it_Cabal&timestamp=20080625232550 evil ageist cabal]. There's a difference between being immature and acting immature, and this puts undue weight on age as an issue; even as someone who thinks age ''is'' an issue, there are plenty of people under 18 I'd still support (Giggy, for example), and no doubt plenty more I have supported who haven't disclosed their age. Anyway, as we've learned rather forcefully over the last couple of days, People on Wikipedia Are Not Necessarily Who They Say They Are.<font face="Trebuchet MS">&nbsp;–&nbsp;[[User:Iridescent|<font color="#E45E05">iride</font>]][[User_talk:Iridescent|<font color="#C1118C">scent</font>]]</font> 02:10, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
[[Image:Goat in melking stall 20050429-593.jpg|thumb|Goat milk can be used for other applications such as cheese and other dairy products.]]
:::::Well... [[on the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog]]. Naturally, people shouldn't give much weight on the answer to this question. &mdash;[[User:DarkFalls|Dark]] <sup>[[User talk:DarkFalls|talk]]</sup> 02:22, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
In addition to [[cows]], the following animals provide milk used by humans for dairy products:
:Yes... the age question should be discouraged... I say that as a person who fully understands and appreciates the position that some people take regarding youth. There are legitimate arguments to be made, but I think privacy is paramount and I don't think it should be asked. Because there is no way to verify the veracity of the statement. Who knows, somebody may be able to tell enough lies that they can get a job with the Wiki Foundation.---'''[[User:Balloonman|<font color="purple">Balloonman</font>]]''' ''[[User talk:Balloonman|<b><sup><small>PoppaBalloon</small></sup></b>]]'' 02:33, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:: Ah [[User:Essjay|yes]]. - [[User:Mailer diablo|Mailer Diablo]] 12:09, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
I don't even know why the question holds weight at all. In my case, whether age matters can be summed up in two words: [[User:Anonymous Dissident|Anonymous Dissident]]. [[User:Wizardman|<span style="color:#060">'''''Wizardman'''''</span>]] 03:00, 7 September 2008 (UTC)


:As the person who's been asking this question a few times, I'm surprised at the privacy concerns above. Common sense tells us that all editors are somewhere between 5 and 100 years old. If an editor tells us that he or she's either in the 5-18 or in the 19-100 year range, that's by far not enough information to identify him or her in any way. Moreover, the editor can choose to withhold the information, or they can lie (although I'm [[WP:AGF]] and assume that they usually do not).
* [[Sheep]] (the ewe)
:But adminship is a position of responsability, and I think that it is fair that persons who seek such responsability – and any status that may be attached to it – be ready to make this one datum public if they want the job. We've, after all, had our share of drama because of unsuitable admins. I know that many children are well-suited for adminship, but again, common sense tells me that, on a purely statistical basis, a random 15-year-old is less likely to be suitable than, say, a random 25-year-old. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 05:53, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
* [[Goat]]s (the nanny)
::You do realize that there is no easy way for them to not answer that question? If you were to ask someone who was 16 and didn't want to reveal that information, them not answering the question makes people think that they are under 18; if you ask someone who is 22 and they don't want to give out the information they also will be thought of as under 18. --<small style="color:#999;white-space:nowrap">[[User:Coffee|<big style="color:#ffa439">Coffee</big>]] // [[user talk:Coffee|<font color="#090">talk</font>]] // [[WP:ARK|<font color="#4682b4">ark</font>]] // 06:06, 7 September 2008 (UTC)</small>
* [[Buffalo]]
:::Well, an easy way to answer the question is to say "I don't want to say." I'll still support them if it is likely, judging from the subject matter or style of their contributions, that they are adults (e.g. if they write articles about, say, ancient Roman history instead of video games); or if their contribs and length of service indicate ''exceptional'' maturity. I'll just apply a much higher standard in the latter case. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 07:41, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
* [[Horse]]s (the mare)
:::: For those who believe that refusal to answer is guilty, this answer to them is as good as not answering, perhaps even worse. - [[User:Mailer diablo|Mailer Diablo]] 12:13, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
* [[Donkey]]s
::::: [[Guilt]] doesn't come into this at any level. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 15:36, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
* [[Camel]]s (including the South American [[camelid]]s)
:::::: Perhaps I didn't phrase it clearly. I mean, if not answering the question would make some people think that the candidate is under 18, then answering "I don't want to say" would probably have the same effect on this same group of people (they would still think that the candidate is under 18), or worse treat it as the candidate is trying to be evasive (perhaps, even grounds for opposing the candidate's RfA). So the answer is not the easy solution out. - [[User:Mailer diablo|Mailer Diablo]] 15:42, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
* [[Yak]]s
::::::: No, it's not, but my concern is not to provide an easy solution out. I want admin colleagues whom I can trust. I will ask whatever question I feel is required to that effect. It's up to the candidate to decide whether they want to answer (and possibly get my vote) or not answer (and a bit less possibly get my vote). <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 15:50, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
* [[Water buffalo]]
:::::::: Discussion continued below. Thanks, [[User:Mailer diablo|Mailer Diablo]] 16:03, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
* [[Reindeer]]
* [[Zebra]][http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/gests%20zebra%20milk%20request_1013812]


::When I say "privacy concern", I don't mean that anyone is going to be stalked and targeted for flaming arrows of death based on this &mdash; just that this is personal information that people have already chosen not to volunteer if the question is even getting asked in the first place. It's something that a lot of people have no interest in telling everyone, and putting pressure on them to cough it up if they don't want to look like they're withholding information &mdash; or don't want to look like they're secretly 9 years old &mdash; seems unnecessary in this process. More importantly, ''not'' knowing someone's age might force people to actually look through their contribs to gauge their ''actual level of maturity'' rather than relying on that "one datum" you mention for an indication of same. I prefer, always, a contribs-based review of maturity over an age-based review of maturity, so I believe we lose nothing by ''not'' asking this question, and that we lose a lot, i.e. our basic respect for the non-volunteering of personal information, if we ask it. I don't want to give you a hard time or act like you're some crazed interrogator &mdash; obv. your concerns are in good faith &mdash; but I think this question is unproductive and a bit too prying. And also, what Coffee says. '''[[User:Mr. IP|<font color="blue">Mr. IP</font>]]'''&nbsp;'''《[[User_talk:Mr. IP|<font color="red">Defender of Open Editing</font>]]》''' 06:17, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
In [[Russia]] and [[Sweden]], small [[moose milk|moose dairies]] also exist.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/20040626/MOOSE26/TPEntertainment/Style|date=[[26 June]] [[2004]]|accessdate=2007-08-27|title=Moose milk makes for unusual cheese|publisher=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> Donkey and horse milk have the lowest fat content, while the milk of [[pinniped|seal]]s contains more than 50% fat.<ref>[http://www.havemilk.com/article.asp?id=1485#contentbyspecies Milk From Cows and Other Animals, web page by Washington Dairy Products Commission]</ref>
:::I certainly respect the right of anyone not to volunteer personal information. But exercising that right, as with any right, may have consequences – such as not getting my vote in an RfA.
:::The age question is certainly not a substitute for a contribs-based assessment of suitability. That's still required. But admins sometimes need to make stressful decisions that other editors don't (such as blocks or deletions in a dispute with real life impact), and I am frankly more comfortable if I know that such decisions are generally made by adults (or by young adults with ''exceptional'' maturity). Also, because the functions of administrator and normal editor differ in this regard, past contribs are of limited usefulness for assessing someone's maturity with respect to such situations. So is age, of course, but it is (like a history of good contributions) positively correlated to maturity, which warrants the question as one data point among others. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 07:41, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:::: I asked Friday before, and I thought I should ask you as well. Where is the statistical data proving that age is correlated to maturity (behaviour)? - [[User:Mailer diablo|Mailer Diablo]] 16:03, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::::: There is no data that I am aware of. There ''is'' common sense and general life experience, though. For Wikipedia purposes, that will have to do. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 16:10, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::::::[http://www.uoregon.edu/~moursund/Math/developmental_theory.htm Attainment of Formal Operational Thinking by High School Students]. Take it with a disclaimer that Renner & Huitt's findings are not universally accepted.<font face="Trebuchet MS">&nbsp;–&nbsp;[[User:Iridescent|<font color="#E45E05">iride</font>]][[User_talk:Iridescent|<font color="#C1118C">scent</font>]]<small>&nbsp;16:14, 7 September 2008 (UTC)</small></font>


The age question seemingly rests on the (arguably reasonable) notion that underage admins are generally immature. Now the question is, from all the admin controversies that were severe enough to warrant involuntary desysoppings (which as of this time usually means that the admin did something ''really'' wrong), how many of the desysopped admins were actually under 18? —'''<font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User:Kurykh|<font color="#0000C0">kur</font>]][[User talk:Kurykh|<font color="#0000C0">ykh</font>]]</font>''' 07:55, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
[[Whale]] milk, not used for human consumption, is one of the highest-fat milks, containing up to 50% fat.<ref>[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565254_3/Whale.html MSN encarta]</ref> <ref>[http://www.livescience.com/animals/top10_amazing_animals-1.html livescience.com]</ref> The high fat content of whale milk is not a product of [[cetacean]]'s great size, as [[guinea pig]] milk has an average fat content of 46%.<ref>{{cite book | last = Morales | first = Edmundo | title = The Guinea Pig : Healing, Food, and Ritual in the Andes | publisher = University of Arizona Press |date=1995 | id = ISBN 0-8165-1558-1 }}</ref>


18 is a bit arbitrary. It also puts a small number of people in a tricky situation. If the answer to the question was "no, but I'll be over 18 next week". What then? That, alone, reveals the absurdity of the question. I would, however, support a question along the lines of "do you consider yourself to have the mental maturity necessary to be an admin?". Or, "Do you throw tantrums online, and if so are they due to your age or your character (ie. if you throw tantrums, or sulk, or snap under pressure, is that a character trait that you will grow out of)?" Or "would you be comfortable dealing with matters that are age-restricted in the country you are editing from?" Though that last one is more borderline, as it raises legal concerns as well as being a more direct form of "are you underage". It's tricky, but the focus should always be on maturity, judgment, calmness under pressure, politeness, and other such things, not on actual age. I also think more attention should be paid to people changing over time. Many pre-adolescents change emotionally as they enter adolescence, many adults change as their lives change or external circumstances cause increased stress, or their lives change in general (relationship, family, jobs, school, university, etc). The root of all these questions is really trying to find out (if possible) whether the candidate: (a) is aware of this; (b) is aware of themselves; and (c) if they possess the judgment to handle such changes, up to and including resigning adminship if need be, whether adult or child. [[User:Carcharoth|Carcharoth]] ([[User talk:Carcharoth|talk]]) 11:01, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Human milk is not produced or distributed industrially or commercially; however, milk banks exist that allow for the collection of donated human milk and its redistribution to infants who may benefit from human milk for various reasons (premature neonates, babies with allergies or [[Metabolic disorder|metabolic diseases]], etc.).
:Exactly. Come on. I thought we are past this stage. And why 18? Why not 21? Or 16? Do you know that in my country, we are trained to handle a rifle to kill at 18 (16.5 if enlisted early) but do not have the right to vote until the legal age of 21? - [[User:Mailer diablo|Mailer Diablo]] 12:20, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:::The question could be formulated more elegantly, of course. I'm open to suggestions. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 15:36, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:::: Discussion (with point reworded) continued at policy page. FYIP. - Thanks, [[User:Mailer diablo|Mailer Diablo]] 16:32, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::This is a good point actually. The age at which you are perceived to have 'maturity' varies across societies. Here in the UK I could drive, smoke, have sex, buy porn, get married, and join the army by the time I was 17. It seems a bit strange that a 17 year old could do all that, and yet not be permitted to administrate a website. However, I don't think asking the question is ever going to cause anyone's RfA to fail, as most people don't consider age when deciding whether to support. '''[[User:Naerii|<span style="font-size:15px;font-family:helvetica;color:#1693A5;">naerii</span>]]''' 13:56, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:I think there is value in the idea of looking at how the age demographics of desysopped admins compare to the demographics of admins generally, if that is at all possible. (I realise that user age will only have been known in a limited proportion of desysop cases.) Basically, such decisions should be made on the basis of data, not on the basis of assumptions. Sure it is tempting to assume that very young admins may have worked hard at "doing and saying all the right things" for a few months, out of youthful ambition to become an admin, and then, flushed with their success, foul up sooner or later by making immature decisions. But I am not sure that older admins are exempt from such things, and I could easily imagine older admins having a whole range of different sorts of behavioural problems that are less likely in the very young – COIs, tendentious opinions based on established life choices, stuff like that – which might also affect their admin performance. So, if there are data that show that young admins foul up more often than older ones, I would be in favour of allowing the question. If there is no such statistical evidence, then the question is irrelevant. <font color="#0000FF">[[User:Jayen466|Jayen]]</font>''<font color=" #FFBF00">[[User_Talk:Jayen466|466]]</font>'' 13:53, 7 September 2008 (UTC)


*I wasn't as aware of the issue, nor do I think it was as much of an issue in May when I did my RfA, but from a couple of the comments, this userbox:{{Template:user typewriter}} satisfied a number of concerns. Who says userboxen are pointless? :) That said, the issue is not the number, there are immature 30 year olds and mature 12 year olds. I think the onus is on those who choose to identify as <18 to prove they're not the norm. That said, there are >18 drama mavens so >18 isn't a sign of A OK. I don't think the number matters as much as temperament. <font face="Verdana"><font color="Blue">[[User_talk:Travellingcari|TravellingCari]]</font></font> 15:19, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
All other female mammals do produce milk, but are rarely or never used to produce dairy products for human consumption.


==Modern production==
=== A decision ===
Having looked at some past discussions of this, it has come up over and over again, and nothing has been done. Looking above, I can only see one user who really thinks it's a good idea - and that's the user who posted the question. I think something needs to be done about questions of this kind once and for all, before this thread dries up yet again. Might I humbly suggest all such question are removed from RfAs, and if they get asked, are removed? Does that sound fair? <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 12:35, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
{{main|Dairy farming}}
{| class="wikitable" align=left style="clear:left"
! colspan=2|Top Ten Milk Producers — 2005<br>(1000 tonnes)
|-
| {{IND}} || style="padding-left:10px" | 91,940
|-
| {{USA}} || style="padding-left:10px" | 80,264
|-
| {{CHN}} || style="padding-left:10px" | 32,179
|-
| {{RUS}} || style="padding-left:10px" | 31,144
|-
| {{PAK}} || style="padding-left:10px" | 29,672
|-
| {{GER}} || style="padding-left:10px" | 28,487
|-
| {{FRA}}|| style="padding-left:10px" | 26,133
|-
| {{BRA}} || style="padding-left:10px" | 23,455
|-
| {{UK}} || style="padding-left:10px" | 14,577
|-
| {{NZL}} || style="padding-left:10px" | 14,500
|-
|'''World Total''' || style="padding-left:10px" | '''372,353'''
|-
|colspan=2 style="font-size:.7em"|Source: [http://faostat.fao.org/site/340/default.aspx UN Food & Agriculture Organisation]
|}


Or perhaps a blanket ban of questions of all personal type? (such as age, location, occupation etc). <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 12:50, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
[[Image:Milk.PNG|thumb|right|Milk output in 2005. Click the image for the details.]]


:That would violate [[WP:MOP]], the adminship policy, which states: "Adminship is oriented to communal trust and confidence, rather than checklists and edit counts; each user will have their own way to assess their confidence in a candidates' readiness for the role."
In the Western world today, [[cow]] milk is produced on an industrial scale. It is by far the most commonly consumed form of milk in the western world. Commercial [[dairy farming]] using [[automatic milking|automated milking]] equipment produces the vast majority of milk in [[Developed country|developed countries]]. Types of [[cattle]] such as the [[Holstein (cattle)|Holstein]] have been specially bred for increased milk production. According to McGee, 90% of the dairy cows in the [[United States]] and 85% in [[Great Britain]] are Holsteins (McGee 12). Other milk cows in the United States include [[Ayrshire cattle|Ayrshire]], [[Brown Swiss]], [[Guernsey cattle|Guernsey]], [[Jersey cattle|Jersey]], and [[Milking Shorthorn]]. The largest producers of dairy products and milk today are [[India]] followed by the [[United States]]<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/j7927e/j7927e09.htm FAO Food outlook: International dairy product prices are turning down: how far, how fast? FAO online publication, 1 June 2006]</ref> and China. In India, [[Amul]], a cooperative owned jointly by 2.6 million small farmers was the engine behind the success of [[Operation Flood]].{{Fact|date=December 2007}}
:This implies that users may not be prohibited from ''asking'' questions that they feel are relevant for assessing a candidate's readiness. To change this, you would need to gather consensus to change the policy at the policy talk page. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 14:03, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::I agree with Sandstein. While I'd probably prefer an optional question of "Approximately how old are you?" rather than specifically "Are you over 18", in either case it is a good-faith attempt by the questioner in order to obtain information they feel is relevant to their decision. The question ''is'' optional, and if the number of people who care about age is as low as you suggest, surely a candidate would not find themselves receiving many opposes if they chose not to answer it. ~ <font color="#228b22">[[User:Mazca|'''m'''a'''z'''c'''a''']]</font> <sup>[[User_talk:Mazca|'''t''']] | [[Special:Contributions/Mazca|'''c''']]</sup> 14:09, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:::I respectfully disagree age has a lot to do with adminship. Someone could easily just lie about their age. If you're going to !vote on RfA, what's hard about going through the candidate's contributions yourself? And if someone did answer "no" to your question, would you check any further, or oppose based on that alone? What if they answered yes? Would they get an automatic support? I really think personal questions are irrelevant and intrusive, and that if you want to get to know if the candidate is suitable, you should look at their contributions. <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 14:34, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::I don't see any such implication, Sandstein. It implies that you are free to select criteria, not that any question you might want to ask is magically admissible. If your criteria include "no blacks", would it become morally defensible to ask what color skin the prospective admin is? What about if you want to exclude Britons because you don't want any "bias against ''correct'' spelling"? You may be free to pick random criteria which have nothing to do with adminship, but that does not give you the right to go pry into peoples' private lives and ask for personal and private information. &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Coren|Coren]]&nbsp;<sup>[[User Talk:Coren|(talk)]]</sup> 15:04, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:::This is not about skin colour or Britishness (which of course I don't care about), this is about age. If I'm free to select my own criteria, as you say, it follows that I may ask questions pertinent to these questions, and the candidates may choose whether to reply or not. Even if the question is not allowed on RfA itself, there's nothing to prevent me from posing it on the user talk page or per e-mail, and cast my vote based on any reply I may receive. As you can see, prohibiting questions on RfA is not the solution to what you perceive as the problem. It would require a change in editors' right to select their own criteria to bring that about. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 15:26, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::::This is where we strongly disagree. I say it does ''not'' follow that you can satisfy your prejudices (whichever they are) with questions invading the privacy of editors. &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Coren|Coren]]&nbsp;<sup>[[User Talk:Coren|(talk)]]</sup> 17:01, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:::::The question is not a matter of privacy, since "over 18" is not an identifiable datum, and it is not invasive because candidates are free not to answer it. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 17:04, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::::::If they turn 18 during the RfA, they can't reasonable answer the question without revealing that they will soon be 18. Well, they could wait until they turn 18 and then answer "yes". But still, reaad what I wrote above. There are better ways to phrase this question, focusing on asking the candidates to assess their own levels of maturity, or finding ways to assess that yourself. [[User:Carcharoth|Carcharoth]] ([[User talk:Carcharoth|talk]]) 17:33, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
*I fully, and '''strongly endorse''' an absolute ban on questions that requests revealing personal information&mdash; that would need to include at least name, age, sex, geographical location, religious beliefs, political views, and sexual orientations. Those questions do not, and cannot, influence past contributions from the editor and, where not outright illegal, are ethically indefensible. Any such question should be reverted on sight. &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Coren|Coren]]&nbsp;<sup>[[User Talk:Coren|(talk)]]</sup> 14:56, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:*I'd never ask about sexual orientation, location, sex and so forth, but we are discussing ''human beings'' on RfA, not abstract user accounts, and some personal characteristics of human beings do have a bearing on whether or not ''I'' trust them. I reserve the right to oppose a self-identified Neo-Nazi or Neo-Stalinist on the basis of his or her political views, for instance. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 15:26, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::*Note: '''self-identified''' Neo-Nazi or Neo-Stalinist. Do you notice your own argument, right there? &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Coren|Coren]]&nbsp;<sup>[[User Talk:Coren|(talk)]]</sup> 17:03, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
**Agree. Let's stick to discussing the candidate ''as a Wikipedian'', and not what they are in real life. <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 15:04, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
*<span style="color: red">'''Strong support'''</span> banning this questions because of being disruptive. Some people want to keep their anonymity on the internet, and also because people take the answer as a reason to oppose RfA candidates. <small>[[User talk:Macy|Macy]]</small> 15:15, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:*Are you aware that [[WP:MOP]], the adminship policy, allows people to support or oppose candidates for any reason that they feel is relevant with respect to the candidate's trustworthiness? <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 15:38, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::*Yes, I know the policy, but are you aware that if the question gets banned, age-based opposes may reduce or stop? <code>:-P</code>. <small>[[User talk:Macy|Macy]]</small> 15:47, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:::*If the policy states anyone can oppose for whatever reason they like, then the policy really could do with changing. I might bring this to the talk page of it. <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 15:50, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:::*So I'm clear, whereabout in that policy does it state you can vote with whatever reason you like? <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 15:53, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::::* As I quoted above: "Adminship is oriented to communal trust and confidence, rather than checklists and edit counts; each user will have their own way to assess their confidence in a candidates' readiness for the role." <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 15:55, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
*As a note, please realize that my quip above about such questions being "outright illegal" is not hyperbole: in [[Quebec]], at least, they are illegal on their face&mdash; I would expect the same everywhere in Europe (where privacy laws are strong as well), and while privacy laws are generally weaker in the Unites States it would not be unlikely that those are just as illegal in Florida. Someone should check. &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Coren|Coren]]&nbsp;<sup>[[User Talk:Coren|(talk)]]</sup> 15:18, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:*There is something like freedom of speech on a privately owned website in the US, yes? RfA is not a job interview. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 15:33, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::*That may be, but given the popularity of WP, the number of minors who participate here, and the probability that there are authorities monitoring the site for those reasons (Hello detectives/special agents, etc!), ''I'' wouldn't want to be the one asking questions about people's ages. It could too easily be misinterpreted as something nefarious. '''[[User:JimMillerJr|<span style="color:green">Jim Miller</span>]]''' <sup> [[Special:Contributions/JimMillerJr|See me]] | [[User talk:JimMillerJr|Touch me]]</sup> 15:39, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:::*I'm not an American, and I may lack any special sensibility that Americans may have in this regard, but I fail to see how asking people who are running for a position of responsability whether they are older than 18 is in some way "nefarious", let alone illegal. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 15:44, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
*I absolutely agree. No one should be forced to reveal their age (and of course, if they are, some might lie, to protect their online security), except where is it required for privacy reasons (eg CheckUser). [[User:X!|<span style="font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica;color:steelblue;">'''X'''</span>]][[User talk:X!|<span style="color:steelblue;"><small>clamation point</small></span>]] 15:26, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:*No one is forced to reveal their age. Stating that one is over 18 is not revealing one's age, and of course they are not in any way compelled to answer. They will lose very few votes not answering, it seems; and not even necessarily mine. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 15:33, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:** How can you possibly quantify and/or qualify the statement of "they will lose very few votes"? What ''you'' choose to !vote is not indicative of what the general masses that !vote at RfA, WP:AGF not withstanding. I'm personally willing to bet that the bureaucrats have enough sense to discard !votes based on age, but we still return to the fact that your promise is unlikely to hold water, as that seems to be one of your defense... --[[User:Izno|Izno]] ([[User talk:Izno|talk]]) 15:50, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:::*If they ''do'' lose many votes on account of that question, then that would be a sign that many users share my concerns, which would be an even better reason for asking the question. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 15:54, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::::*The statement you made was "They will lose very few votes not answering" and not [paraphrasing] "If they lose votes, it must be a quasi-legitimate reason": This is inconsistent, and does not answer the question I posed... --[[User:Izno|Izno]] ([[User talk:Izno|talk]]) 15:58, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
:::::*I made that statement because I seem to be in a minority here with my opinion that age may be a relevant or determinative factor in an RfA. <small><span style="border:1px solid black;padding:1px;">[[User:Sandstein|<font style="color:white;background:blue;font-family:sans-serif;">'''&nbsp;Sandstein&nbsp;'''</font>]]</span></small> 16:02, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::::::What you don't know can't hurt you. Instead of trying to take some kind of shortcut and determine a candidate's maturity/qualifications based on age, look at their contributions.--[[User:KojiDude#(top)|<font color="00CD32">Koji</font>]][[User talk:KojiDude#(top)|<font color="green">Dude</font>]] [[Special:Contributions/KojiDude|<sup><font color="90EE90">(C)</font></sup>]] 18:01, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
I have taken this to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Administrators#Issue_with_policy the admin policy talk page] - please weigh in there. Thanks <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 16:02, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
::::::*Sandstein, you are not alone in realizing that youth is a legitimate concern. This is one of those perrenial arguments that has no end. There are a number of people in the RfA community who believe it shouldn't be an issue and try to tie the view of the rest of the world as "ageism" that is equivalent to racism/sexism/etc. They would do better to argue that specific candidates deserve the bit rather than fight a battle that they can't win. Age IS an issue, and legitimately so. I will over look it for specific individuals, but for somebody to claim otherwise is going against the general body of evidence that exists.---'''[[User:Balloonman|<font color="purple">Balloonman</font>]]''' ''[[User talk:Balloonman|<b><sup><small>PoppaBalloon</small></sup></b>]]'' 14:39, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
* Rather than forbid any questions, why don't we recommend that people freely [[Noble lie]] about their answer? [[User:Jmcw37|jmcw]] ([[User talk:Jmcw37|talk]]) 10:51, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
:*If you want to see how lying to protect your privacy turns out, just as Essjay. [[User talk:Chillum|<font color="Green">'''Chillum'''</font>]] 13:47, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
::* [[Essjay_incident]] is interesting. It was not a noble lie that brought trouble but rather the abuse of position. A noble lie about age or sex or religion seems different: it would neutralize the question. [[User:Jmcw37|jmcw]] ([[User talk:Jmcw37|talk]]) 09:08, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
I personally feel that the age question is very inappropriate, and would add to any request that I saw it on a suggestion that the question remains unanswered --[[User:T-rex|T]]-[[User talk:T-rex|rex]] 13:35, 9 September 2008 (UTC)


:Give up private information not related to being an admin or I oppose? That sounds out of line. It is a silly question, if you want to know how mature someone is look at their contribution history. We don't let people ask "Are you black", "Are you a Jew", or "Who are you voting for in the upcoming election", so I don't see how asking age is any better. '''Endorse ban''' on asking about private information such as age in RfA. I also need nothing at [[WP:MOP]] which prevents the community creating some standards for the questions asked. [[User talk:Chillum|<font color="Green">'''Chillum'''</font>]] 13:40, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
==Price==
It was reported in 2007 that with increased world-wide prosperity and the competition of biofuel production for feedstocks, both the demand for and the price of milk had substantially increased world wide. Particularly notable was the rapid increase of consumption of milk in China and the rise of the price of milk in the United States above the government subsidized price.<ref>"A Thirst for Milk Bred by New Wealth Sends Prices Soaring" article by Wayne Arnold in the [[New York Times]] September 4, 2007</ref>


===A decision (break)===
<br style="clear:left" />
==Physical and chemical structure==
[[Image:MicelleSchematic.png|thumb|left|140px|Schematic of a [[micelle]].]]
Milk is an [[emulsion]] or [[colloid]] of [[butterfat]] [[globules]] within a water-based fluid. Each fat globule is surrounded by a membrane consisting of [[phospholipids]] and proteins; these [[emulsifier]]s keep the individual globules from joining together into noticeable grains of butterfat and also protect the globules from the fat-digesting activity of [[enzymes]] found in the fluid portion of the milk. In unhomogenized cow milk, the fat globules average about four [[micrometre|micrometer]]s across. The [[fat-soluble]] vitamins [[vitamin A|A]], [[vitamin D|D]], [[vitamin E|E]], and [[vitamin K|K]] are found within the milkfat portion of the milk (McGee 18).


Can people please discuss this on the [[WP:ADMIN|policy]] talk page from now on, as that's the page that needs changing. It seems strange to have two discussions. <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 13:47, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
The largest structures in the fluid portion of the milk are [[casein]] protein [[micelles]]: aggregates of several thousand protein molecules, bonded with the help of nanometer-scale particles of [[calcium phosphate]]. Each micelle is roughly spherical and about a tenth of a micrometer across. There are four different types of casein proteins, and collectively they make up around 80 percent of the protein in milk, by weight. Most of the casein proteins are bound into the micelles. There are several competing theories regarding the precise structure of the micelles, but they share one important feature: the outermost layer consists of strands of one type of protein, [[kappa-casein]], reaching out from the body of the micelle into the surrounding fluid. These Kappa-casein molecules all have a negative [[electrical charge]] and therefore repel each other, keeping the micelles separated under normal conditions and in a stable [[colloid]]al [[suspension (chemistry)|suspension]] in the water-based surrounding fluid<ref>[http://www.foodsci.uoguelph.ca/dairyedu/chem.html#protein3 Dairy Chemistry and Physics, webpage of University of Guelph]</ref> (McGee 19&ndash;20).


:We don't need to change the admin policy to change how we run RfA. This is not changing admins, but how we select them. This is the correct forum. The conversation at WT:ADMIN does seem redundant, but I do this this is the better spot. [[User talk:Chillum|<font color="Green">'''Chillum'''</font>]] 13:48, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
[[Image:Lactose color.png|right|thumb|220px|A simplified representation of a [[lactose]] molecule being broken down into [[glucose]] and [[galactose]].]]
::Actually the relevant text ''is'' on the admin policy page (have a look at the discussion to see which text). The way we choose admins is documented in the policy, and needs changing there, not here. <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 13:51, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
Both the fat globules and the smaller casein micelles, which are just large enough to deflect light, contribute to the opaque white color of milk. The fat globules contain some yellow-orange carotene, enough in some breeds &mdash; [[Guernsey cattle|Guernsey]] and [[Jersey cattle|Jersey]] cows, for instance &mdash; to impart a golden or "creamy" hue to a glass of milk. The [[riboflavin]] in the whey portion of milk has a greenish color, which can sometimes be discerned in skim milk or whey products (McGee 17). Fat-free skim milk has only the casein micelles to scatter light, and they tend to scatter shorter-wavelength blue light more than they do red, giving skim milk a bluish tint.<ref>[http://www.foodsci.uoguelph.ca/dairyedu/chem.html#optical Dairy Chemistry and Physics, webpage of University of Guelph]</ref>
:I already read it. "Adminship is oriented to communal trust and confidence, rather than checklists and edit counts; each user will have their own way to assess their confidence in a candidates' readiness for the role" in no way prevents RfA from deciding what questions are inappropriate. It does not say they can take any action or ask any question they want to assess their confidence. It says they can have their own way, not that they can act inappropriately doing so. They can have their own way without asking personal questions. No conflict with policy. [[User talk:Chillum|<font color="Green">'''Chillum'''</font>]] 13:56, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
::Alright. So how do you suggest we get consensus to ban such questions being asked? <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 14:24, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
:::You're not going to get consensus to ban these questions, that's the futility of the issue. Even people who don't think the question should be asked, such as myself, won't support banning it. The best you can hope for is consensus to add a note to such questions advising the candidate not to answer. There are other questions, such as the one regarding AOR, that the community hates, but there is no consensus to ban it. You're not going to get consensus to ignore !votes based on age, because too many people acknowledge the validity of the concern (even if they don't necessarily share it.) Even if you think you have consensus here, these are questions that are bigger than RfA and would have to be brought forth to the broader community.---'''[[User:Balloonman|<font color="purple">Balloonman</font>]]''' ''[[User talk:Balloonman|<b><sup><small>PoppaBalloon</small></sup></b>]]'' 14:45, 9 September 2008 (UTC)


Why are we even discussing banning serious questions? How many times has this been brought up and dismissed just in the last few weeks? If you find a question so offensive, refuse to answer it or address it with the questioner on their talkpage. We don't need to add rules on the type and style of questions beyond the common sense limitations we already have, which are typically enforced by bureaucrats. [[User:Avruch|<strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000">Avruch</strong>]][[User talk:Avruch|<sup><strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000"> T </strong></sup>]] 15:06, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
Milk contains dozens of other types of proteins besides the caseins. They are more water-soluble than the caseins and do not form larger structures. Because these proteins remain suspended in the [[whey]] left behind when the caseins coagulate into curds, they are collectively known as ''whey proteins''. Whey proteins make up around twenty percent of the protein in milk, by weight. [[Lactoglobulin]] is the most common whey protein by a large margin (McGee 20&ndash;21).

The [[carbohydrate]] [[lactose]] gives milk its sweet taste and contributes about 40% of whole cow milk's calories. Lactose is a composite of two [[Monosaccharide|simple sugars]], [[glucose]] and [[galactose]]. In nature, lactose is found only in milk and a small number of plants (McGee 17). Other components found in raw cow milk are living [[white blood cell]]s. Mammary-gland cells, various [[bacteria]], and a large number of active [[enzyme]]s are some other components in milk (McGee 16).

==Processing==
[[Image:Milkproducts.svg|thumb|left|350px|Milk products and productions relationships (Click for details)]]
In most [[western world|Western]] countries, a centralised [[dairy]] facility processes milk and products obtained from milk ([[dairy products]]), such as [[cream]], [[butter]], and [[cheese]]. In the United States, these dairies are usually local companies, while in the [[southern hemisphere]] facilities may be run by very large nationwide or trans-national corporations (such as [[Fonterra]]).

=== Pasteurization ===
[[Pasteurization]] is used to kill harmful [[microorganisms]] by heating the milk for a short time and then cooling it for storage and transportation. Pasteurized milk is still perishable and must be stored cold by both suppliers and consumers. Dairies print [[Distressed inventory|expiration date]]s on each container, after which stores will remove any unsold milk from their shelves. In many countries it is illegal to sell milk that is not pasteurized.

Milk may also be further heated to extend its [[shelf life]] through ultra-high temperature treatment ([[UHT]]), which allows it to be stored unrefrigerated, or an even longer lasting [[Sterilization (microbiology)|sterilization]] process.

===Creaming and homogenization===
[[Image:Cow milking machine in action DSC04132.jpg|thumb|200px|A milking machine in action.]]
Upon standing for 12 to 24 hours, fresh milk has a tendency to separate into a high-fat [[cream]] layer on top of a larger, low-fat milk layer. The cream is often sold as a separate product with its own uses; today the separation of the cream from the milk is usually accomplished rapidly in [[centrifuge|centrifugal]] cream separators. The fat globules rise to the top of a container of milk because fat is less dense than water. The smaller the globules, the more other molecular-level forces prevent this from happening. In fact, the cream rises in cow milk much more quickly than a simple model would predict: rather than isolated globules, the fat in the milk tends to form into clusters containing about a million globules, held together by a number of minor whey proteins (McGee 19). These clusters rise faster than individual globules can. The fat globules in milk from goats, sheep, and water buffalo do not form clusters so readily and are smaller to begin with; cream is very slow to separate from these milks (McGee 19). Milk is often [[homogenization|homogenized]], a treatment which prevents a cream layer from separating out of the milk. The milk is pumped at high pressures through very narrow tubes, breaking up the fat globules through [[turbulence]] and [[cavitation]].<ref>[http://www.foodsci.uoguelph.ca/dairyedu/homogenization.html Homogenization of Milk and Milk Products, webpage of University of Guelph]</ref> A greater number of smaller particles possess more total [[surface area]] than a smaller number of larger ones, and the original fat globule membranes cannot completely cover them. Casein micelles are attracted to the newly-exposed fat surfaces; nearly one-third of the micelles in the milk end up participating in this new membrane structure. The casein weighs down the globules and interferes with the clustering that accelerated separation. The exposed fat globules are briefly vulnerable to certain [[enzyme]]s present in milk, which could break down the fats and produce [[rancidity|rancid]] flavors. To prevent this, the enzymes are inactivated by pasteurizing the milk immediately before or during homogenization. Homogenized milk tastes blander but feels creamier in the mouth than unhomogenized; it is whiter and more resistant to developing off flavors (McGee 23). Creamline, or cream-top, milk is unhomogenized; it may or may not have been pasteurized. Unlike pasteurization, homogenization confers no health or safety benefits to the milk, only the convenience of not needing to shake the bottle oneself. {{Fact|date=August 2007}}

==Nutrition and health==
The composition of milk differs widely between species. Factors such as the type of protein; the proportion of protein, fat, and sugar; the levels of various vitamins and minerals; and the size of the [[butterfat]] [[globule]]s and the strength of the [[curd]] are among those than can vary.<ref>[http://www.foodsci.uoguelph.ca/dairyedu/intro.html Introduction to Dairy Science and Technology, webpage of University of Guelph]</ref> For example:

* [[breast milk|Human milk]] contains, on average, 1.1% protein, 4.2% fat, 7.0% lactose (a sugar), and supplies 72 kcal of energy per 100 [[gram]]s.
* [[Cow]] milk contains, on average, 3.4% protein, 3.6% fat, and 4.6% lactose, and supplies 66 kcal of energy per 100 grams. See also [[Milk#Nutritional benefits|Nutritional benefits]] further on.

Aquatic mammals, such as [[pinniped|seals]] and [[whales]], produce milk that is very rich in fats and other solid nutrients when compared with land mammals' milk.

===Nutritional value=== <!-- This section is linked from [[Milk]] -->
{{nutritionalvalue | name=Cow milk (whole) | water=88 g | kJ=250 | protein=3.2 g | fat=3.25 g | carbs=5.2 g | sugars=5.2 g | lactose=5.2 g | calcium_mg=113 | satfat=1.9 g | monofat=0.8 g | polyfat=0.2 g | vitA_ug=28 |thiamin_mg=0.04 | riboflavin_mg=0.18 | vitB12_ug=0.44 | vitD_iu=40 | potassium_mg=143 | magnesium_mg=10 | right=1 | source_usda=1 | note=100 ml corresponds to 103 g.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2002/AliciaNoelleJones.shtml|title=Density of Milk|last=Jones|first=Alicia Noelle|work=The Physics Factbook|year=2002}}</ref>}}

Processed milk began containing differing amounts of fat during the 1950s. A serving (1 cup or 250 ml) of 2%-fat milk contains 285 mg of [[calcium]], which represents 22% to 29% of the [[daily recommended intake]] (DRI) of calcium for an adult. Depending on the age, 8 [[gram]]s of [[protein]], and a number of other nutrients (either naturally or through fortification):

* [[Vitamin D|Vitamins D]] and [[vitamin K|K]] are essential for bone health.
* [[Iodine]] is a mineral essential for [[thyroid]] function.
* [[Vitamin B12]] and [[riboflavin]] are necessary for cardiovascular health and energy production.
* [[Biotin]] and [[pantothenic acid]] are [[B vitamins]] important for energy production.
* [[Vitamin A]] is critical for [[Immune system|immune function]].
* [[Potassium]] and [[magnesium]] are for cardiovascular health.
* [[Selenium]] is a cancer-preventive [[Micromineral|trace mineral]].
* [[Thiamine]] is a B-vitamin important for [[Cognition|cognitive function]], especially memory.

The amount of calcium from milk that is absorbed by the human body is disputed.<ref>[http://www.thehealthierlife.co.uk/article/3097/calcium-rich-foods.html Calcium Rich Foods: Get All The Calcium You Need Without Milk]</ref><ref>Feskanich D, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA. Milk, dietary calcium, and bone fractures in women: a 12-year prospective study. Am J Public Health 1997; 87:992-7.</ref> Calcium from dairy products has a greater [[bioavailability]] than calcium from certain vegetables, such a spinach, that contain high levels of calcium-[[chelating]] agents.<ref> Brody T. Calcium and phosphate. In: Nutritional biochemistry. 2nd ed. Boston: Academic Press, 1999:761–94 </ref>

===Medical research===
Studies show possible links between low-fat milk consumption and reduced risk of [[arterial hypertension]], [[coronary heart disease]], colorectal cancer and [[obesity]]. Overweight individuals who drink milk may benefit from decreased risk of [[insulin resistance]] and type 2 [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes]].<ref>[http://www.nationaldairycouncil.org/NationalDairyCouncil/Nutrition/Reducing/DairysRoleManagingBP.htm Dairy's Role in Managing Blood Pressure, web page of the US National Dairy Council]</ref> One study has shown that for women desiring to have a child, those who consume full fat dairy products may actually slightly increase their fertility, while those consuming low fat dairy products may slightly reduce their fertility due to interference with ovulation. However, studies in this area are still inconsistent.<ref>[http://english.pravda.ru/news/science/01-03-2007/87904-ice_cream-0 Fat ice cream and milk may help woman shoot for pregnancy - Pravda.Ru<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Milk is a source of [[Conjugated linoleic acid]], a [[fatty acid]] that inhibits several types of cancer in mice. It has been shown to kill human [[skin cancer]], [[colorectal cancer]] and [[breast cancer]] cells ''in vitro'' studies, and may help lower cholesterol and prevent atherosclerosis; only available in milk from [[Cattle feeding|grass-fed]] cows.{{Fact|date=March 2008}}

Other studies suggest that milk consumption may increase the risk of suffering from certain health problems. Milk contains [[casein]], a substance that breaks down in the human stomach to produce [[casomorphin]], an [[opioid peptide]]. In the early 1990s it was hypothesized that casomorphin can cause or aggravate [[autism]],<ref>{{cite journal |author= Reichelt KL, Knivsberg A-M, Lind G, Nødland M |title= Probable etiology and possible treatment of childhood autism |journal= Brain Dysfunct |year=1991 |volume=4 |pages=308–19}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal= J Dev Behav Pediatr |date=2006 |volume=27 |issue=2 Suppl 2 |pages=S162–71 |title= Elimination diets in autism spectrum disorders: any wheat amidst the chaff? |author= Christison GW, Ivany K |pmid=16685183 | pages = S162 | doi = 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00015 <!--Retrieved from CrossRef by DOI bot--> | pages = S162 | doi = 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00015 <!--Retrieved from CrossRef by DOI bot-->}}</ref> and [[Gluten-free, casein-free diet|casein-free diets]] are widely promoted. Studies supporting these claims have had significant flaws, and the data are inadequate to guide autism treatment recommendations.<ref>{{cite journal |journal= J Dev Behav Pediatr |date=2006 |volume=27 |issue=2 Suppl 2 |pages=S162–71 |title= Elimination diets in autism spectrum disorders: any wheat amidst the chaff? |author= Christison GW, Ivany K |pmid=16685183 | pages = S162 | doi = 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00015 <!--Retrieved from CrossRef by DOI bot--> | pages = S162 | doi = 10.1097/00004703-200604002-00015 <!--Retrieved from CrossRef by DOI bot-->}}</ref> [[Milk allergy|Cow milk allergy]] (CMA) is as an immunologically mediated adverse reaction to one or more cow milk proteins. Rarely is it severe enough to cause death.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&uid=7704117&cmd=showdetailview&indexed=google Cow's milk protein allergy and intolerance in infa...[Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1994&#93; - PubMed Result<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Studies described in the book [[The China Study]] note a correlation between casein intake and the promotion of cancer cell growth when exposed to carcinogens. However other studies have shown whey protein offers a protective effect against colon cancer. <ref>Hakkak, et al., "Dietary Whey Protein Protects against Azoxymethane-induced Colon Tumors in Male Rats," Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, Vol. 10, 555-558, May 2001.</ref>

A study demonstrated that men, and to some degree women, who drink a large amount of milk and consume dairy products were at a slightly increased risk of developing [[Parkinson's disease]].<ref>[http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/165/9/998 H. Chen et al., Consumption of Dairy Products and Risk of Parkinson's Disease], American Journal of Epidemiology. 2007 May;165(9):998-1006</ref> The reason behind this is not fully understood, and it also remains unclear why there is less of a risk for women.<ref>[http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/165/9/998 H. Chen et al., Consumption of Dairy Products and Risk of Parkinson's Disease], American Journal of Epidemiology. 2007 May;165(9):998-1006</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4419477.stm | publisher = [[BBC News]] | title = Milk linked to Parkinson's risk }}</ref> Several sources suggest a correlation between high calcium intake (2000 mg per day, or twice the US [[recommended daily allowance]], equivalent to six or more glasses of milk per day) and [[prostate cancer]].<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9458087 Giovannucci, E. et al., Calcium and fructose intake in relation to risk of prostate cancer., Cancer Res. 1998 Feb 1;58(3):442-7.]</ref> A large study specifically implicates dairy.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11566656 Chan, J.M., Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk in the Physicians' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Oct;74(4):549-54. (disputed publication)]</ref> A review published by the [[World Cancer Research Fund]] and the [[American Institute for Cancer Research]] states that at least eleven human population studies have linked excessive dairy product consumption and prostate cancer,<ref>{{cite journal |journal= Food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective |date=1997|title= Food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective |author= The World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research}}</ref> however [[Randomized controlled trial|randomized clinical trial]] data with appropriate controls only exists for calcium, not dairy produce, where there was no correlation.<ref>Chan JM et al., (2005) Role of diet in prostate cancer development and progression. J Clin Oncol 23:8152-60.</ref> Medical studies have also shown a possible link between milk consumption and the exacerbation of diseases such as Crohn’s Disease,<ref>[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/12/071210104002.htm How Bacteria In Cows' Milk May Cause Crohn's Disease]</ref> Hirschsprung's disease–mimicking symptoms in babies with existing cow milk allergies,<ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WKP-4MHHXD1-X&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=760c097c4357bff51dd6ede9bb7ef633 Cow milk protein allergy presenting with Hirschsprung's disease–mimicking symptoms. ]</ref> severe gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants and children hypersenstitive to milk,{{Fact|date=March 2008}} and the aggravation of Behçet's disease.<ref>[http://ard.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/61/5/459 Humoral and cell mediated immune response to cow's milk proteins in Behçet's disease]</ref>

Since November 1993, with FDA approval, [[Monsanto]] has been selling [[Bovine Somatotropin|recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST)]]--or rBGH--to dairy farmers. Additional bovine growth hormone is administered to cattle in order to increase their milk production, though the hormone also naturally fosters liver production of [[Insulin-like growth factor 1|insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)]]. The deposit thereof in the milk of rBGH-affected cattle has been the source of concern; however, all milk contains IGF1 since all milking cows produce bovine growth hormone naturally. The IGF1 in milk from rBGH-affected cattle does not vary from the range normally found in a non-supplemented cow.<ref>[http://www.idfa.org/reg/biotech/talking2.cfm IDFA - Biotechnology and Bovine Somatotropin (BST or BGH)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Elevated levels of IGF1 in human blood has been linked to increased rates of breast, colon, and prostate cancer by stimulating their growth,<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16773200 Kahan, Z et al., Elevated levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I, IGF-binding globulin-3 and testosterone predict hormone-dependent breast cancer in postmenopausal women: a case-control study. Int J Oncol. 2006 Jul;29(1):193-200.]</ref><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16774935 Pacher, M. et al., Impact of constitutive IGF1/IGF2 stimulation on the transcriptional program of human breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 2006 Jun 14]</ref> though this has not been linked to milk consumption. [[European Union|The EU]] has recommended against Monsanto milk.<ref>[http://www.preventcancer.com/press/releases/march21_99.htm International Scientific Committee Warns of Serious Risks of Breast and Prostate Cancer from Monsanto's Hormonal Milk. Press release of the Cancer Prevention Coalition.]</ref> In addition, the cows receiving rBGH supplements may more frequently contract an udder infection known as [[mastitis]].<ref>[http://www.preventcancer.com/consumers/general/milk.htm Milk: Epstein, S., America's Health Problem. Web page of the Cancer Prevention Coalition.]</ref> Milk from rBGH-affected cattle is banned in [[Canada]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], and [[Japan]] due to the mastitis problems. On [[June 2006#9 June 2006|June 9, 2006]] the largest milk processor in the world and the two largest [[supermarket]]s in the United States--[[Dean Foods]], [[Wal-Mart]], and [[Kroger]]--announced that they are "on a nationwide search for rBGH-free milk."<ref>[http://www.organicconsumers.org/2006/article_747.cfm Oca News Articles<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> No study has indicated that consumption of rBST-produced milk increases IGF1 levels, nor has any study demonstrated an increased risk of any disease between those consuming rBST and non-rBST produced milk. In 1994, the FDA stated that no significant difference has been shown between milk derived from rBST-treated and non-rBST-treated cows, and that no test exists which can differentiate between milk from rBST-treated and non-rBST treated cows.<ref>[http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/ANS00564.html Dietary IGF-I and rbST<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

Milk may contain varying levels of [[white blood cells]] depending upon the health of the source animals, according to guidelines set up by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] and statistics reported by the dairy industry.<ref>[http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/dairy/as1131w.htm Mastitis Control Programs: Milk Quality Evaluation Tools for Dairy Farmers<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.veganoutreach.org/health/gotmilk.html Greger, Michael. Paratuberculosis and Crohn's Disease: Got Milk? Pro-vegan online publication, January 2001]</ref> Although not considered a human health issue by most authorities, elevated white blood cell levels indicate an immune response by cattle, due in part to [[mastitis]].<ref>[http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/dairy/as1131w.htm Mastitis Control Programs: Milk Quality Evaluation Tools for Dairy Farmers<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> There are concerns regarding the transmission of bovine paratubeculosis through somatic cells to humans,<ref>[http://www.veganoutreach.org/health/gotmilk.html Paratuberculosis and Crohn's Disease: Got Milk? (Vegan Outreach)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> but the evidence is largely inconclusive.

===Lactose intolerance===<!-- This section is linked from [[Milk]] -->
{{main|lactose intolerance}}

[[Lactose]], the [[disaccharide]] sugar component of all milk must be cleaved in the small intestine by the [[enzyme]] [[lactase]] in order for its constituents ([[galactose]] and [[glucose]]) to be absorbed. The production of this enzyme declines significantly after [[weaning]] in all mammals including humans(except for most northern westerners and a few other ethnic groups, lactase decline occurs after weaning, sometime between the ages of two and five). Once lactase levels have decreased sufficiently, consumption of small amounts of lactose can cause [[diarrhea]], [[Flatulence|intestinal gas]], [[cramps]] and [[bloating]], as the undigested lactose travels through the [[gastrointestinal tract]] and serves as nourishment for intestinal [[microflora]] who [[excrete]] gas. <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_respiration</ref>

===Nutrition - comparison by animal source===
'''Milk Composition Analysis''', per 100 grams
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Constituents
! unit
! [[Cow]]
! [[Goat]]
! [[Sheep]]
! [[Water Buffalo]]
|-
| Water
| g
| 87.8
| 88.9
| 83.0
| 81.1
|-
| Protein
| g
| 3.2
| 3.1
| 5.4
| 4.5
|-
| Fat
| g
| 3.9
| 3.5
| 6.0
| 8.0
|-
| Carbohydrate
| g
| 4.8
| 4.4
| 5.1
| 4.9
|-
| Energy
| kcal
| 66
| 60
| 95
| 110
|-
|
| kJ
| 275
| 253
| 396
| 463
|-
| Sugars (Lactose)
| g
| 4.8
| 4.4
| 5.1
| 4.9
|-
| Fatty Acids:
|-
| Saturated
| g
| 2.4
| 2.3
| 3.8
| 4.2
|-
| Mono-unsaturated
| g
| 1.1
| 0.8
| 1.5
| 1.7
|-
| Polyunsaturated
| g
| 0.1
| 0.1
| 0.3
| 0.2
|-
| Cholesterol
| mg
| 14
| 10
| 11
| 8
|-
| Calcium
| IU
| 120
| 100
| 170
| 195
|}
Source: McCane, Widdowson, Scherz, Kloos.[http://www.northwalesbuffalo.co.uk/milk_analysis.htm]


:Indeed, no need to ban any type of serious question. Some editors equate youth with immaturity, others don't. I see no problem with attempting to gather relevant information while making a decision. We don't need to ban this particular question and the consensus will (likely) never want to do so, and we don't need the instruction creep that will occur if we start making lists of questions that cannot be asked. [[User:Useight|Useight]] ([[User talk:Useight|talk]]) 14:48, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
These compositions vary by breed, animal, and point in the lactation period. [[Jersey cattle|Jersey]] cows produce milk of about 5.2% fat, [[Zebu]] cows produce milk of about 4.7% fat, [[Brown Swiss]] cows produce milk of about 4.0% fat, and [[Holstein (cattle)|Holstein-Friesian]] cows produce milk of about 3.6% fat. The protein range for these four breeds is 3.3% to 3.9%, while the lactose range is 4.7% to 4.9%. <ref>{{cite book | last = McGee | first = Harold | authorlink = Harold McGee | title = On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Completely Revised and Updated | publisher = Scribner |date=2004 | location = New York, NY | pages = 13 | isbn = 9780684800011}}</ref>


::Every time this topic comes up there is more and more opposition to the age question and less and less support for it. I think in time we will come to a consensus not to allow questions of such a personal nature. [[User talk:Chillum|<font color="Green">'''Chillum'''</font>]] 16:21, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
Milk fat percentages in all [[Dairy cattle|dairy breeds]] vary according to digestible fibre, starch and oil intakes<ref>http://www.kt.iger.bbsrc.ac.uk/FACT%20sheet%20PDF%20files/kt21.pdf</ref>, and can therefore be manipulated by dairy farmers' diet formulation strategies. Mastitis infection can cause fat levels to decline.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=qJgdAEhQvnMC&pg=PA226&lpg=PA226&dq=mastitis+and+milk+fat+levels&source=web&ots=PrguNhnHdm&sig=W_MS2A7FWTBksmBYvZZk38dRh4A Google Books - Designing Foods: Animal Product Options in the Marketplace]</ref>


:::I find it hard to believe people are still clinging to the belief trying to find out as much as possible about a candidate is wrong. Given we've just discovered a one-time admin here, who had admin, bureaucrat and checkuser rights on other projects, was in fact an identity thief who ran a fairly sophisticated sock-farm (oh, who had, in real life, created models that form the basis of economic theory in many western nations), surely we need to know more, not less? For if and when that situation reaches the press, there will be calls for aliases and anonymous editing to be banned outright, as well as removing any editor who cannot be held to account legally [[User:George The Dragon|George The Dragon]] ([[User talk:George The Dragon|talk]]) 16:48, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
==Varieties and brands== <!-- This section is linked to -->
{{seealso|Fat content of milk|Milk bottle top}}


:::I think the folks who have opposed it in the past just don't see the need to come in and repeat themselves every few days. I can see their point, and I think if it ever comes to the point that someone posts a question of some sort and its removed as "banned" it will again become clear that banning serious questions is not going to have the support of the community.[[User:Avruch|<strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000">Avruch</strong>]][[User talk:Avruch|<sup><strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000"> T </strong></sup>]] 16:52, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
Milk products are sold in a number of varieties based on types/degrees of
*mammal (e.g. Holstein cow),
*homogenization (e.g raw milk),
*sterilization (e.g. pasteurization),
*fat content (e.g. half and half),
*water content (e.g. dry milk),
*additives (e.g. vitamins),
*flavoring (e.g chocolate),
*fermentation (e.g. buttermilk),
*coagulation (e.g. cottage cheese),
*age (e.g. cheddar),
*packaging (e.g bottle), and
*branding strategies (e.g. organic).


::::George: assuming you're referring to Poetlister, he was banned here for over a year and never held admin rights. I don't see how asking how old someone is will somehow make rouge admins an impossibility. As has been said, they could just lie. It's a useless exercise. <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 16:55, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
Organic Milk (in the United States) or Bio-Milk & Biologique Milk (in Europe) is milk produced without the use of chemical herbicides or pesticides, and generally with more natural fertilizers and higher standards for the animals{{Fact|date=September 2007}}, and is now easy to find on the shelves in many areas. [[Demeter International|Demeter]] certified milk is produced with [[Biodynamic agriculture]] methods and is similar in standards to organic milk and biological milk, with a few special farm procedures added that are biodynamic-specific.


:::::You're wrong about that. Poetlister held admin rights here and on other projects, he was a bureaucrat and a checkuser elsewhere as well. [[User:Avruch|<strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000">Avruch</strong>]][[User talk:Avruch|<sup><strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000"> T </strong></sup>]] 17:01, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
Cow milk is generally available in several varieties according to approximate [[butterfat]] content. See ''[[fat content of milk]]''.
::::::He never held admin rights as the user Poetlister on this project. Whether he did as another user is another question - did he? I don't know. I know he held rights elsewhere, but he never got higher than the role of "user" here. He was banned for ages here, looking at his block log. <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 17:04, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
:::::::It isn't really relevant to this discussion, but yes the person held admin rights under another account. The ban was for sockpuppeting, including with an admin account on en.wp. [[User:Avruch|<strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000">Avruch</strong>]][[User talk:Avruch|<sup><strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000"> T </strong></sup>]] 17:10, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
::::::::What I'm saying is, asking how old they are isn't going to stop a rouge admin from getting through is it? <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 17:14, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
:::Do you mean [[rogue]] or rouge? ''[[Wikipedia:Rouge admin|Je suis une rouge admin.]]'' <grin> Age is irrelevant. If someone lacks the requisite qualities, it will show or not regardless of the age of the candidate. There is an age below which a candidate simply could not pass an RFA. That age must differ from person to person. But it should be evident in the gruelling process we now impose on candidates. How articulate and clear thinking would most 6 year olds come across? How many 12 year olds would have the patience to gain the experience? We gain nothing by asking an impertinent question of someone seemingly qualified otherwise. Soon we will be looking at the other end of the age question. Who among us will be the first to be put out to pasture because of encroaching senility? Is there a max age beyond which we would question the ability of a user to think clearly and apply policy effectively? Will failing eyesight become a concern over misinterpreted dif's or a misconstrued edit? Cheers, [[User:Dlohcierekim|<font color="#00ff00"> Dloh</font>]][[User_talk:Dlohcierekim|<font color="#bb00bb">cierekim''' </font>]] 04:07, 10 September 2008 (UTC)


:Frankly, I'm torn. On the one hand, I'm uncomfortable that candidates are being asked questions of a more personal nature; on the other hand, I'm also uncomfortable "banning" people from asking questions just because I don't like their question. I'm sure most of you have noticed that, in the real world, applications for positions of trust pretty much always include an age field as par for the course? Wikipedia seems to be the only large, mainstream organization I've ever seen where "adulthood doesn't matter" is any sort of rallying cry... I'm not saying that's good or bad, but I am saying it's keenly unusual. &ndash; <span style="font-family: Garamond">[[User:Luna Santin|<font color="#1E90FF">'''Luna Santin'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Luna Santin|talk]])</span> 23:18, 14 September 2008 (UTC)
===Additives and flavoring===
::I have to agree most with this comment here. I also agree with Sandstein's insistence that questions shouldn't be banned for RFAs, each user can use their own criteria. Determining if someone is an adult is a valid question that, though some may not like, still could have a place with many users for determining support. --[[User:Banime|Banime]] ([[User talk:Banime|talk]]) 23:45, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
In countries where the cattle (and often the people) live indoors, commercially sold milk commonly has [[vitamin D]] added to it to make up for lack of exposure to [[Ultraviolet light|UVB]] radiation.


===Legality===
Reduced fat milks often have added [[vitamin A]] to compensate for the loss of the vitamin during fat removal; in the [[United States]] this results in reduced fat milks having a higher vitamin A content than whole milk.<ref> [http://www.ams.usda.gov/howtobuy/dairy.htm "How to Buy Dairy Products"], ''Home and Garden Bulletin 255'', [[USDA]], February 1995. Retrieved 16 May 2007.</ref>


I would be very interested to see any actual evidence to support the notion that asking questions about such subjects as age or political views is ''illegal'' in any jurisdiction of a modern nation. This isn't a job interview, there is no determination of benefits or dispensation of a legal entitlement, so I don't see how in any respect such a question could be illegal. [[User:Avruch|<strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000">Avruch</strong>]][[User talk:Avruch|<sup><strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000"> T </strong></sup>]] 14:44, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
To aid digestion in those with [[lactose intolerance]], milk is available in some areas with added bacterial cultures such as ''[[Lactobacillus acidophilus]]'' ("[[acidophilus milk]]") and [[bifidobacteria]] ("[[a/B milk]]").<ref>[http://www.nationaldairycouncil.org/nationaldairycouncil/nutrition/products/product_yogurt.pdf "Yogurt and Other Cultured Dairy Products"], [[National Dairy Council]], 2000.</ref> Another milk with ''[[Lactococcus lactis]]'' bacteria cultures ("[[buttermilk|cultured buttermilk]]") is often used in cooking to replace the traditional use of naturally [[soured milk]], which has become rare due to the ubiquity of pasteurization which kills the naturally occurring lactococcus bacteria.<ref>{{cite book | author=[[Irma Rombauer|Rombauer, Irma S.]] and [[Marion Rombauer Becker]] | title=[[Joy of Cooking]] (Revised Edition) | publisher=Bobbs Merrill | year=1975 | pages=533 | isbn=0-672-51831-7}}</ref>
:In Quebec, at least, this would be considered a job interview; the position is that of an unpaid volunteer, but there is a selection process. But that wouldn't even be necessary: the laws against discrimination here are very strict and ''anything'' which is open to the public has an open application process open to the public may not use any such criteria (mind you, ''age'' is a special case insofar as that specific non-discrimination section is tempered with a limitation that laws about age limits are allowed and it ''is'' legal to ask one's age in order to apply them (buying booze, for instance) &mdash; but that limitation is not relevant here). &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Coren|Coren]]&nbsp;<sup>[[User Talk:Coren|(talk)]]</sup> 15:55, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
::''Editing'' is open to the public, and doesn't use any such criteria. Adminship is a private matter; we have opted to make it open, but it is still a ''private'' matter, and laws like those stated are not applicable. [[User:EVula|EVula]] <span style="color: #999;">// [[User talk:EVula|talk]] // [[User:EVula/admin|<span style="color: #366;">&#9775;</span>]] //</span> 16:00, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
::What a horrible reading of the law. [[User:Badger Drink|Badger Drink]] ([[User talk:Badger Drink|talk]]) 20:09, 13 September 2008 (UTC)


:I just realized a possible cause of confusion: it's important to note that the US Bill of rights, the example so many people are familiar with, gives specific garantees of freedom ''from the governement''. I.e., the governement may not make laws that curtail those freedoms. Many other bills of rights (Quebec's being amongst them) gives to garantees of freedom from ''anyone''; governement, businesses and individuals alike. &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Coren|Coren]]&nbsp;<sup>[[User Talk:Coren|(talk)]]</sup> 15:59, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
Milk often has [[flavoring]] added to it for better taste or as a means of improving sales. [[Chocolate]] [[Flavoured milk|flavored milk]] has been sold for many years and has been followed more recently by such other flavors as strawberry and banana.


I seriously doubt that you could apply discrimination laws to adminship on Wikipedia - you have to be deprived of something meaningful, i.e. suffer an injury of legal import, before you can establish a discrimination claim. I don't think that discrimination which could exclude a protected class from ''adminship on Wikipedia'' rises to that level. And I don't see how the US constitution enters into it at all. [[User:Avruch|<strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000">Avruch</strong>]][[User talk:Avruch|<sup><strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000"> T </strong></sup>]] 16:41, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
[[South Australia]] has the highest consumption of flavored milk per person in the world, where [[Farmers Union Iced Coffee]] outsells [[Coca-Cola]], a success shared only by [[Inca Kola]] in [[Peru]] and [[Irn-Bru]] in [[Scotland]].


To make myself clear, since I've commented several times in this discussion in the last little while - I'm not against asking such questions in RfA. I don't think the candidates are or should be required to answer them either. I'm not against people taking age into account when deciding whether to support or oppose a candidate, but I don't think it should be the primary attribute they weigh or even a major consideration in the face of a long history of conduct to review on Wikipedia. But it is a factor that fills in holes when the history is brief or debatable. I don't think we should get into prescribing what elements people are allowed to weigh in their judgments, and while I accept that many young editors (including most of the folks posting to this page) find it unfair -- you don't here, or anywhere else, have the right to be free from being offended. [[User:Avruch|<strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000">Avruch</strong>]][[User talk:Avruch|<sup><strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000"> T </strong></sup>]] 16:58, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
[[Switzerland]] has a soft drink based on milk that tastes and looks much like SevenUp. This popular "milk-cola", named [[Rivella]], is in fact the national soft drink and even comes complete in low calorie & low sugar varieties. In spite of what might be expected, it does not taste like milk.
:I'd agree against you in ''principle'', were it not for the fact that not answering one of those putatively "optional" questions pretty much guarantees sinking your RfA; making them quite mandatory in practice&mdash; there is no ''genuine'' right to not answer in other words. &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Coren|Coren]]&nbsp;<sup>[[User Talk:Coren|(talk)]]</sup> 21:46, 9 September 2008 (UTC)


===Distribution===
===New proposal===
We ban the discussion to ban this perenial topic.---'''[[User:Balloonman|<font color="purple">Balloonman</font>]]''' ''[[User talk:Balloonman|<b><sup><small>PoppaBalloon</small></sup></b>]]'' 17:42, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
Because milk spoils so easily, it should, ideally, be distributed as quickly as possible. In many countries milk used to be delivered to households daily, but economic pressure has made milk delivery much less popular, and in many areas daily delivery is no longer available. People buy it chilled at grocery or convenience stores or similar retail outlets. Prior to the widespread use of [[plastic]]s, milk was sold in wax-coated paper containers; prior to that milk was often distributed to consumers in [[glass]] bottles; and before glass bottles, in bulk that was ladled into the customer's container.
:It's only perennial because people haven't liked the idea in the past. If we were to set up a poll now, we'd get a much more accurate idea of whether such a ban is wanted by the community. <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 17:47, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
*I strongly oppose banning the discussion. First, as I said above that question is disruptive and it violates user's privacy. I support having a privacy policy against this questions, not just because it crashes RFAs, it's because in the future we may get more discrimination than before, and this needs to be resolved before it gets worst. <small>[[User talk:Macy|Macy]]</small> 23:11, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
:*Obviously the irony was missed on you...---'''[[User:Balloonman|<font color="purple">Balloonman</font>]]''' ''[[User talk:Balloonman|<b><sup><small>PoppaBalloon</small></sup></b>]]'' 22:32, 15 September 2008 (UTC)
*Agree strongly with Balloonman. Ban the discussion to prevent incessant discussion and endless arguments. [[User:Wisdom89|'''<font color="#660000">Wisdom89</font>''']] <sub>([[User_talk:Wisdom89|<small><sub><font color="#17001E">T</font></sub></small>]] / [[Special:Contributions/Wisdom89|<small><sup><font color="#17001E">C</font></sup></small>]])</sub> 04:29, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
*I couldn't have put it better myself, Balloonman ;-) <font color="#8080ff">[[User_talk:Strikeout_Sister|<b><i><s>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SIS</s></i></b>]]</font>&nbsp; 08:13, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
**I think banning people from talking about something is a ''very'' chilling idea. I can't tell if this proposal is actually serious though. <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 13:39, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
***If you feel banning discussion is harmful, why do you seem to support doing so in the threads above? &ndash; <span style="font-family: Garamond">[[User:Luna Santin|<font color="#1E90FF">'''Luna Santin'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Luna Santin|talk]])</span> 23:19, 14 September 2008 (UTC)


===counter proposal===
[[Image:Glass milk bottles.jpg|thumb|150px|Glass milk bottles used for home delivery service]]
That we ban the discussion to ban the discussion to ban this perennial topic. <tongue in cheek> [[User:Dlohcierekim|<font color="#00ff00"> Dloh</font>]][[User_talk:Dlohcierekim|<font color="#bb00bb">cierekim''' </font>]] 03:51, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
In the [[United Kingdom|UK]], milk can be delivered daily by a [[milkman]] who travels his local [[milk round]] (route) using a battery-powered [[milk float]] during the early hours. Milk is delivered in 1 [[pint glass]] bottles with [[aluminium foil]] tops. Silver top denotes full cream unhomogenized; red top full cream homogenized; red/silver top semi-skimmed; blue/silver check top skimmed; and gold top channel island.
Empty bottles are rinsed before being left outside for the milkman to collect and take back to the dairy for washing and reuse. Currently many milkmen operate franchises as opposed to being employed by the dairy and payment is made at regular intervals, by leaving a check; by cash collection; or [[direct debit]].


===counter proposal to the counter proposal to the new proposal===
Although there was a steep decline in doorstep delivery sales throughout the 1990s, the service is still prominent, as dairies have diversified and the service is becoming more popular again. The doorstep delivery of milk is seen as part of the UK's heritage, and is relied upon by people up and down the country.
Ban this perennial topic semi-annually. [[User:Hiberniantears|Hiberniantears]] ([[User talk:Hiberniantears|talk]]) 14:36, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
:Why? <big>[[User:How do you turn this on|<span style="font-family:Times New Roman; color:white; background:black;">how&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;turn&nbsp;this&nbsp;on</span>]]</big> 14:57, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
::Why not? It doesn't have to be semiannually, per se. I'm also open to Tuesday of every third week between 2:33pm and 7:56pm. [[User:Hiberniantears|Hiberniantears]] ([[User talk:Hiberniantears|talk]]) 15:06, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
::: At this rate someone draw me a [[set|mathematical set]] to make sense of it all... - [[User:Mailer diablo|Mailer Diablo]] 17:44, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
::::Can someone give a brief summary of all the above. [[WP:TLDR]].:P Thanks.--[[User:Xp54321|<font color="0070FF">'''Xp54321''']]</font><sup> ([[User talk:Xp54321|<font color="4CBB17">'''''Hello!'''''</font>]] • [[Special:Contributions/Xp54321|<font color="4CBB17">'''''Contribs'''''</font>]])</sup> 02:10, 21 September 2008 (UTC)


== Stats ==
In [[New Zealand]], milk is no longer distributed in glass bottles. In rural [[India]], milk is delivered daily by a local milkman carrying bulk quantities in a metal container, usually on a bicycle; and in other parts of metropolitan India, milk is usually bought or delivered in a plastic bags or cartons via-shops or supermarkets.


Hi all,
In the United States bottles were replaced with [[milk carton]]s, which are tall paper boxes with a square cross-section and a peaked top that can be folded outward upon opening to form a spout. Now milk is increasingly sold in plastic bottles. First the gallon and half-gallon sizes were sold in plastic jugs while the smaller sizes were sold in milk cartons. Recently milk has been sold in smaller resealable bottles made to fit in [[automobile]] [[cup holder]]s.


As some are aware, over the past few weeks, months, I've been updating the old RfA archives, in doing so for preparation for some interesting stats, located [[User:Majorly/RfA/Stats|here]]. These are details of every successful request for adminship going back to February 2004, when the idea of adding the tally was introduced. There are earlier requests, but none of these had numbered votes, so wouldn't fit very well.
The half-pint milk carton is the traditional unit as a component of school lunches. In the U.S., pictures of [[Child abduction|missing children]] were printed on the larger milk cartons as a public service until it was determined that this was disturbing to children.


It currently needs filling in for a lot of requests, and probably has a lot of mistakes. Anyone who is interested in helping to add/correct various bits of data on it, please do help! Do note that the tallies do not always reflect what's on the actual RfA, since I got reverted attempting to correct those, so please don't fix them. Otherwise, I'd appreciate people updating/correcting their own/nominee's/whoever's entries, so we can get this list accurate and filled.
[[Image:Brique lait dsc04430.jpg|thumb|right|A brick of [[France|French]] [[Ultra-high-temperature processing|UHT]] milk]]
Milk preserved by the [[Ultra-high-temperature processing|UHT]] process is sold in cartons often called a brick that lack the peak of the traditional milk carton. Milk preserved in this fashion does not need to be refrigerated before opening and has a longer shelf life than milk in ordinary packaging. It is more typically sold unrefrigerated on the shelves in Europe than in America.


Some notes, if you intend to assist:
Glass milk containers are now rare. Most people purchase milk in bags, plastic jugs or waxed-paper cartons. [[Ultraviolet]] light from [[fluorescent lamp|fluorescent lighting]] can alter the flavor of milk, so many companies that once distributed milk in [[Transparency (optics)|transparent]] or highly [[translucent]] containers are now using thicker materials that block the UV light. Many people feel that such "UV protected" milk tastes better.


*All times are in UTC.
Milk comes in a variety of containers with local variants:
*When determining the day a user became active, I based it on when they started making edits on a daily basis.
* [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]]: Distributed in a variety of sizes, most commonly in [[Aseptic_processing|aseptic]] cartons for up to 1 litres, and plastic screw-top bottles beyond that with the following volumes; 1.1L, 2L, and 3L. 1 litre Bags are starting to appear in supermarkets, but have not yet proved popular. Most UHT-milk is packed in 1 or 2 litre paper containers with a sealed plastic spout.
*The Days column is how many days they were active on the day they were promoted. I used [http://timeanddate.com/date/duration.html this] useful tool. Don't include the end date option.
* [[Brazil]]: Used to be sold in cooled 1 litre bags, just like in [[South Africa]]. Nowadays the most common form is 1 litre aseptic cartons containing UHT skimmed, semi-skimmed or whole milk, although the plastic bags are still in use.
*Edit counts are either mentioned in the nomination, on the nomination somewhere, or in more recent ones, on the talk page. If it isn't there, it isn't there.
* [[Canada]]: 1.33 litre plastic bags (sold as 4 litres in 3 bags) are widely available in some areas (especially [[Ontario]] and [[Québec]]), although the 4 litre plastic jug has supplanted them in [[western Canada]]. Other common packaging sizes are 2 litre, 1 litre, 500 [[millilitre]], and 250 millilitre cartons, as well as 4 litre, 1 litre, 250 mL aseptic cartons and 500 [[millilitre]] plastic jugs.
*For co-nominations, only the first user is included.
* [[China]]: Sweetened milk is a drink popular with students of all ages and is often sold in small plastic bags complete with straw. Adults not wishing to drink at a banquet often drink milk served from cartons or [[milk tea]].
* Parts of [[Europe]]: Sizes of 500 millilitres, 1 litre (the most common), 2 litres and 3 litres are commonplace.
* [[Hong Kong]] - milk is sold in glass bottles (220 mL), cartons (236 mL and 1L), plastic jugs (2 litres) and aseptic cartons (250 mL).
* [[India]]: Commonly sold in 500 mL plastic bags. It is still customary to serve the milk boiled, despite pasteurization. Milk is often buffalo milk. Flavored milk is sold in most convenience stores in waxed cardboard containers. Convenience stores also sell many varieties of milk (such as flavored and ultra-pasteurized) in different sizes, usually in aseptic cartons.
* [[Israel]]: Non-UHT milk is most commonly sold in 1 litre waxed cardboard boxes and 1 litre plastic bags. It may also be found in 0.5L and 2L waxed cardboard boxes, 2L plastic jugs and 1L plastic bottles. UHT milk is available in 1 litre (and less commonly also in 0.25L) carton "bricks".
* [[Japan]]: Commonly sold in 1 litre waxed cardboard boxes. In most city centers there is also [[Delivery (commerce)|home delivery]] of milk in glass jugs. As seen in [[China]], sweetened and flavored milk drinks are very popular to see in [[vending machine]]s.
* [[South Africa]]: Commonly sold in 1 litre bags. The bag is then placed in a plastic jug and the corner cut off before the milk is poured.
*[[South Korea]]: sold in cartons (180mL, 200mL, 500mL 900mL, 1L, 1.8L, 2.3L), plastic jugs (100Ml and 1.8L), aseptic cartons (180mL and 200mL) and plastic bags (100mL).
* [[Poland]]: UHT milk is mostly sold in aseptic cartons (500mL, 1L, 2L), and non-UHT in 1L plastic bags or plastic bottles. Milk, UHT is commonly boiled, despite being pasteurized.
*[[Turkey]]: Commonly sold in 500 mL or 1L cartons or special plastic bottles. UHT milk is more popular. Milkmen also serve in smaller towns and villages.
* [[United Kingdom]]: Most stores still stock [[Imperial unit|Imperial]] sizes: 1 pint (568 mL), 2 pints (1.136 L), 4 pints (2.273 L), 6 pints (3.408 L) or a combination including both metric and imperial sizes. Glass milk bottles delivered to the doorstep by the milkman are typically pint-sized and are returned empty by the householder for repeated [[reuse]]. Milk is also sold at supermarkets in either aseptic cartons or HDPE bottles. Milk can still be legally sold by the Imperial pint in [[reuse|reusable]] bottles in the UK under EU regulations (a distinction only shared with beer and cider), whilst a growing number of manufacturers such as [[Northern Foods]] now sell milk in 1 and 2 litre bottles.
* [[United States]]: Commonly sold in [[gallon]], half-gallon and [[quart]] containers ([[U.S. customary units#Liquid volume|U.S. customary units]]) of rigid plastic or, occasionally for sizes less than a gallon, waxed cardboard, although bottles made of opaque [[Polyethylene terephthalate|PET]] are starting to become more commonplace in all smaller sizes. The US single-serving size is usually the half-pint (about 240 ml). Occasionally dairies will deliver milk straight to customers in coolers filled with glass bottles (usually half-gallon). Some [[convenience store]] chains in the United States (such as [[Kwik Trip]] in the [[Midwest]]) sell milk in 1/2 gallon bags.
* [[Uruguay]]: Commonly sold in 1 litre bags. The bag is then placed in a plastic jug and the corner cut off before the milk is poured.


I recommend a good internet connection to edit that page as well. Thanks for anyone who helps.
Practically everywhere, [[condensed milk]] and evaporated milk is distributed in metal cans, 250 and 125 ml paper containers and 100 and 200 mL squeeze tubes, and [[powdered milk]] (skim and whole) is distributed in boxes or bags.
'''[[User:Majorly|<span style="font-family:verdana; color:#B05427">Majorly</span>]]''' <sup>''[[User talk:Majorly|<span style="color:black">talk</span>]]''</sup> 16:16, 16 September 2008 (UTC)


:Thank you, Majorly, for your effort. The list is very useful indeed. --[[User:Meno25|Meno25]] ([[User talk:Meno25|talk]]) 18:19, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
[[Image:Yakult brazil.jpg|thumb|Brazilian [[Yakult]], an example of the use of milk.]]
:: Wow! That's great work, Majorly! [[User:WBOSITG|<font color=#006600>'''weburiedoursecretsinthegarden'''</font>]] 19:40, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
:::Cool. Now for the RfB ones! ;) --'''[[User:Cameron|Cameron]][[User Talk:Cameron|*]]''' 19:45, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
::::RfB should be a lot easier since there's only a few of those. '''[[User:Majorly|<span style="font-family:verdana; color:#B05427">Majorly</span>]]''' <sup>''[[User talk:Majorly|<span style="color:black">talk</span>]]''</sup> 19:46, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
:Great work, Majorly. This'll come in handy :) —'''[[User:Cyclonenim|Cyclonenim]]''' ([[User talk:Cyclonenim|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Cyclonenim|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Cyclonenim|email]]) 20:20, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
::Ya, this is interesting. I can imagine, 1000 years in the future, people visiting the "Wikipedia Museum" and looking at a copy of [[User:Tillwe|Tillwe]]'s RfA on the wall. They'll say things like, "Look, Mom, Only 25 participants!" [[User:Lazulilasher|Lazulilasher]] ([[User talk:Lazulilasher|talk]]) 20:25, 16 September 2008 (UTC)


:I've added this to my list of things to do when closing RfAs. Good work. [[User:EVula|EVula]] <span style="color: #999;">// [[User talk:EVula|talk]] // [[User:EVula/admin|<span style="color: #366;">&#9775;</span>]] //</span> 21:10, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
===Spoilage and fermented milk products===
When [[raw milk]] is left standing for a while, it turns "[[sour]]". This is the result of [[fermentation (food)|fermentation]], where [[lactic acid bacteria]] ferment the [[lactose]] inside the milk into [[lactic acid]]. Prolonged fermentation may render the milk unpleasant to consume. This fermentation process is exploited by the introduction of bacterial cultures (e.g. ''[[Lactobacilli]] sp., [[Streptococcus]] sp., [[Leuconostoc]] sp.'', etc) to produce a variety of [[fermented milk products]]. The reduced pH from lactic acid accumulation denatures proteins and caused the milk to undergo a variety of different transformations in appearance and texture, ranging from an aggregate to smooth consistency. Some of these products include [[sour cream]], [[yoghurt]], [[cheese]], [[buttermilk]], [[viili]], [[kefir]] and [[kumis]]. ''See [[Dairy product]]'' for more information.


All I see is some raw data. What statistical analyses are being proposed for this data? --[[User:Malleus Fatuorum|Malleus Fatuorum]] ([[User talk:Malleus Fatuorum|talk]]) 22:04, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
[[Pasteurized|Pasteurization]] of cow milk initially destroys any potential pathogens and increases the shelf-life <ref>[http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2004/504_milk.html Got Milk? Make Sure It's Pasteurized<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/65/12/2233.pdf</ref>, but eventually results in spoilage that makes it unsuitable for consumption. This causes it to assume an unpleasant odor, and the milk is deemed non-consumable due to unpleasant taste and an increased risk of [[food poisoning]]. In raw milk, the presence of [[lactic acid]]-producing bacteria, under suitable conditions, ferments the lactose present to lactic acid. The increasing [[acidity]] in turn prevents the growth of other organisms, or slows their growth significantly. During pasteurization however, these lactic acid bacteria are mostly destroyed.
:It's not complete yet. I'll be creating stats when it's complete (such as highest support, lowest edit count, shortest time here, who has nominated the most times etc). '''[[User:Majorly|<span style="font-family:verdana; color:#B05427">Majorly</span>]]''' <sup>''[[User talk:Majorly|<span style="color:black">talk</span>]]''</sup> 22:08, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
::That'll no doubt be interesting, but I was more wondering about a statistical analysis of the data. For instance, a correlation between edit count and support votes. On the hypothesis that higher edit counts may be an influence on more editors becoming aware of and becoming involved in the RfA. --[[User:Malleus Fatuorum|Malleus Fatuorum]] ([[User talk:Malleus Fatuorum|talk]]) 22:22, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
:::Yes, stuff like that can certainly be looked at too. But it can only be done once all the data is there. I'll add a load more data tomorrow hopefully. '''[[User:Majorly|<span style="font-family:verdana; color:#B05427">Majorly</span>]]''' <sup>''[[User talk:Majorly|<span style="color:black">talk</span>]]''</sup> 22:27, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
::::I'm fully behind your attempt to get some data together, and I congratulate you for what you've achieved. I look forward to having the full data set available to be mined for hidden treasures. Now, if only you could do a similar thing for the failed RfAs ... :lol: --[[User:Malleus Fatuorum|Malleus Fatuorum]] ([[User talk:Malleus Fatuorum|talk]]) 22:38, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
:::::There's some incomplete data [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Nomination data/All RfA nominations|here]]. In the future, once this is done, I intend to create data for all bureaucrat requests, and some other "significant" RfAs (including SNOW RfAs wouldn't be useful imo). '''[[User:Majorly|<span style="font-family:verdana; color:#B05427">Majorly</span>]]''' <sup>''[[User talk:Majorly|<span style="color:black">talk</span>]]''</sup> 22:44, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
::::::I have started a replica table for RFBs at [[User:Useight/RFB Stats]]. I should have it completed by the end of the evening. [[User:Useight|Useight]] ([[User talk:Useight|talk]]) 03:54, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
:::::::{{done}} Well, all the RFBs are in the table, a couple more columns need to be finished. [[User:Useight|Useight]] ([[User talk:Useight|talk]]) 04:57, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
Here's an interesting statistic. The English wikipedia has 1,590 administrators administrating 10,455 active users.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics] Police state or what? --[[User:Malleus Fatuorum|Malleus Fatuorum]] ([[User talk:Malleus Fatuorum|talk]]) 23:15, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
:You got a problem with police states? Wanna get blocked, mister? In other words, yeah, you're right. Find a good dozen or so editors that haven't screwed up enough, and at the same time, have been here long enough, to pass RFA. RFA sucks, but the quiet, sleuthful, non-controversial (read:non-article writers) will easily get through. We need more of them (me) !!!!. In ''other'' words, if you don't have solution, we don't have a problem....[[User:Keeper76|<font color="#21421E" face="comic sans ms">Keeper</font>]] <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">&#448;</span> [[User talk:Keeper76|<font color="#CC7722" face="Papyrus">76</font>]] 23:22, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
::Malleus, no fair comparing ''total'' admins to ''active'' accounts; both should be active, or both should be total. Also, keep in mind the 10,455 does not count ''any'' IP editors at all. --[[User:Barneca|barneca]] ([[User talk:Barneca|talk]]) 23:28, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
:::(ec) I was just about to say that. Its a rather inaccurate account for day to day operations. '''[[User:Synergy|<font color="#222222" face="Times New Roman">Syn</font>]]'''[[User_talk:Synergy|<font color="#222222" face="Times New Roman">ergy</font>]] 23:29, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
:::OK. The number of active editors has been established; so what do you believe the number of active administrators to be if you don't agree with the figure of 1,590 given? --[[User:Malleus Fatuorum|Malleus Fatuorum]] ([[User talk:Malleus Fatuorum|talk]]) 23:40, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
::::Betacommand used to have a page about "active admins" somewhere that he updated with his bot, but I don't remember where it was (someone will come up with a link, I'm sure). I seem to vaguely recall that about 1/3 of admins were active within a given month, but that's such a hazy recollection I wouldn't put too much stock in it. The bigger issue is the uncounted number of IP editors in a given month. --[[User:Barneca|barneca]] ([[User talk:Barneca|talk]]) 23:47, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
:::::No, that's not the bigger issue at all, as most of those IPs are dealt with by the active editors. Just look above to see in what low regard that kind of work is held in anyway. A third sounds about right to me, which means that there's one active administrator for every five active editors. Does that seem sensible to you? --[[User:Malleus Fatuorum|Malleus Fatuorum]] ([[User talk:Malleus Fatuorum|talk]]) 23:54, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
::::::It would be 1:20, but I get your point. However, I know as a admin I spend a very serious portion of my time dealing with IP editors (more than half, I suspect, though I haven't checked), so I wouldn't discount them as you do. --[[User:Barneca|barneca]] ([[User talk:Barneca|talk]]) 00:00, 17 September 2008 (UTC)


:::::::Your assumption that I discount IP editors is very far from the truth. Take a look at the thread above this one. My assertion is that IP editors are dealt with by and large by non-administrators, apart from the delivery of the final ''coup de grace'' of course. --[[User:Malleus Fatuorum|Malleus Fatuorum]] ([[User talk:Malleus Fatuorum|talk]]) 02:51, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
In order to prevent spoilage, milk can be kept [[refrigerator|refrigerated]] and stored between 1 and 4 [[Celsius|degrees Celsius]] in [[bulk tank]]s. Most milk is [[pasteurized]] by heating briefly and then [[refrigerator|refrigerated]] to allow transport from [[factory farming|factory farms]] to local markets. The spoilage of milk can be forestalled by using ultra-high temperature ([[UHT]]) treatment; milk so treated can be stored unrefrigerated for several months until opened. Sterilized milk, which is heated for a much longer period of time, will last even longer, but also loses more nutrients and assume a different taste.{{Fact|date=November 2007}} [[Condensed milk]], made by removing most of the water, can be stored in cans for many years, unrefrigerated, as can [[evaporated milk]]. The most durable form of milk is [[milk powder]], which is produced from milk by removing almost all [[water]]. The [[moisture content]] is usually less than five percent in both drum and spray dried [[milk powder]].
::::::::That hasn't been my own experience, can't speak for other admins. Anyway, something is off in this analysis, even if i can't put my finger on where it is, because I know I deal with way more than 20 other editors every month. Plus, admins have to police each other, which is 10 times harder than policing a normal human... --[[User:Barneca|barneca]] ([[User talk:Barneca|talk]]) 03:04, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
:::::::::I thought admins were janitors, not a security force? --[[User:Malleus Fatuorum|Malleus Fatuorum]] ([[User talk:Malleus Fatuorum|talk]]) 03:14, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
::::::::::You can't trap me, Malleus, because you're preaching to the choir. I don't buy the janitor metaphor either. --[[User:Barneca|barneca]] ([[User talk:Barneca|talk]]) 03:24, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
:::::::::::Like I said before. If you guys don't like the concept, than change all of the icons and userboxes from a mop to something that makes more sense. Then I'll remove it from my essay. '''[[User:Synergy|<font color="#222222" face="Times New Roman">Syn</font>]]'''[[User_talk:Synergy|<font color="#222222" face="Times New Roman">ergy</font>]] 03:46, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
::::::::::::(ec)Eh, the janitor metaphor fits in a way, a janitor is supposed to be a behind-the-scenes job that just focuses on keeping things clean, organized, and working smoothly. To that extent, the metaphor fits. But one will be hard pressed to find a metaphor that can accurately describe the job of an administrator, just because the scope of administrative duties is so diverse and sometimes complicated that I think the it is just too unique to be easily compared by a simple metaphor. Just my random thought of the day...:)<span style="white-space:nowrap"><font face="Harlow Solid Italic">[[User:Gonzo_fan2007|<font size="2px" color="teal"> « Gonzo fan2007</font>]] ''([[User talk:Gonzo_fan2007|talk]] ♦ [[Special:Contributions/Gonzo_fan2007|contribs]]) @ ''</font></span>'' 03:49, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Yeah, I can't readily think of many real-life jobs that can be immediately compared with Wikipedia admins, because our admins (ideally, at least) have additional powers, but not really additional authority - in real ife, the two tend to go hand in hand. Perhaps a combination of a janitor and a security guard is the best metaphor - and I'm now thinking of that bit from [[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]] with the "knife-wrench". ~ <font color="#228b22">[[User:Mazca|'''m'''a'''z'''c'''a''']]</font> <sup>[[User_talk:Mazca|'''t''']] | [[Special:Contributions/Mazca|'''c''']]</sup> 09:56, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
(<<<outdent) I think of the "mop" image as an ideal to strive towards: to remind admins of the virtue of humility: not to give undue weight to their own opinions about situations. <span style="color:Green; font-size:1.5em;">☺</span> [[User:Coppertwig|Coppertwig]] ([[User talk:Coppertwig|talk]]) 13:36, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
:::: [[User:Rick Bot]] updates [[WP:LOA]] daily with the number of active admins. Currently it is 976. -[[User:SpuriousQ|SpuriousQ]] ([[User talk:SpuriousQ|talk]]) 12:05, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
:The ratio is probably a holdover, to when the connection between "any trusted user" and "administrator" was more close. I think that was the idea to begin with, and while that clearly isn't the way candidates are measured these days it probably has had an effect on the stats proportionate to the length of time it was. [[User:Avruch|<strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000">Avruch</strong>]][[User talk:Avruch|<sup><strong style="color:#000;background:#fff;border:0px solid #000"> T </strong></sup>]] 01:06, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
::Here's another way to phrase the question: if you choose an edit at random, what is the probability that the edit is by an admin? I would guess that admins on average are much more active than the average "active" non-admin, so this question would give a higher ratio of admins to non-admins than just counting the numbers of users. <span style="color:Red; font-size:1.5em;">☺</span> [[User:Coppertwig|Coppertwig]] ([[User talk:Coppertwig|talk]]) 13:41, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
Good job on the stats, Majorly. Useful work, interesting to look over the numbers. Oops: I reverted many of the tally changes you made, citing "consensus" at AN/I, then afterwards noticed that the person who closed the AN/I discussion had said ''"Content dispute should be settled through RFA talk page and dispute resolution - i.e. not through edit-warring. ..."'' so perhaps my reverting was premature. I think there are various ways to count the votes and that we should leave the closed discussions as they <s>are</s> ''were''<sup>(02:14, 21 September 2008 (UTC))</sup>, but I wouldn't oppose a notation being added (per Franamax in that discussion) if the original tallies are also left and the new notation is clearly marked as being such, e.g. in square brackets "[Later analysis gives a tally of...]", or outside the top and bottom discussion-closing markers, or on the talk page. I also agree with brenneman in that discussion: it was OK for Majorly to be bold per [[WP:BRD|BRD]]. <span style="color:Purple; font-size:1.5em;">☺</span> [[User:Coppertwig|Coppertwig]] ([[User talk:Coppertwig|talk]]) 02:18, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
:I meant "leave the closed discussions as they were", not "as they are". In other words, if there's no further comment I expect I'll revert the rest of them too. <span style="color:Purple; font-size:1.5em;">☺</span> [[User:Coppertwig|Coppertwig]] ([[User talk:Coppertwig|talk]]) 02:14, 21 September 2008 (UTC)


It's fascinating to see all the RfAs in one place like that - good work, Majorly. We had a suggestion at the [[WP:RREV|RfA Review]] (Now [[Wikipedia:RfA Review/Recommend|Ongoing]]) (<nowiki></plug></nowiki>) that, rather than setting minimum editcounts or months of service before someone can go to RfA, we simply post the averages of successful candidates. The implication is that editors who are well below those figures are not as likely to succeed as editors at or above them. Obviously, other factors are present - several of the last 50 successful candidates had less than 4000 edits, while the averages were in the 9,000's - but it is interesting to see how stable the averages are over those last 50 candidates. I posted the analysis at [[User:Ultraexactzz/RfA Success]], for reference. [[User:Ultraexactzz|UltraExactZZ]] <sup> [[User_talk:Ultraexactzz|Claims]] </sup>~<small> [[Special:Contributions/Ultraexactzz|Evidence]] </small> 13:00, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
==Language and culture==
:Could you add the edit counts for the ones you analysed to the stats page? Thanks '''[[User:Majorly|<span style="font-family:verdana; color:#B05427">Majorly</span>]]''' <sup>''[[User talk:Majorly|<span style="color:black">talk</span>]]''</sup> 13:18, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
{{wikisourcepar|Littell's Living Age/Volume 144/Issue 1861/Chinese Prohibition of the Consumption of Cow's Milk|an account (1880) of a Chinese prohibition against drinking cow's milk.}}
::Done, back to Werdna. I didn't add account creation or first edit dates, since I didn't record them - I just kept a count of the account's age in months, from first edit to nom. [[User:Ultraexactzz|UltraExactZZ]] <sup> [[User_talk:Ultraexactzz|Claims]] </sup>~<small> [[Special:Contributions/Ultraexactzz|Evidence]] </small> 14:09, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
The importance of milk in human culture is attested to by the numerous expressions embedded in our languages, for example "the milk of human kindness". In ancient [[Greek mythology]], the [[goddess]] [[Hera]] spilled her [[breast]] milk after refusing to feed [[Heracles]], resulting in the [[Milky Way]].


== Watchlist notice for RfA Review ==
In [[Africa]]n and [[Asia]]n [[developing country|developing nations]], [[butter]] is traditionally made from fermented milk rather than cream. It can take several hours of churning to produce workable butter grains from fermented milk.<ref>Crawford ''et al'', part B, section III, ch. 1: [http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0251e/T0251E15.htm#ch1 Butter]. Retrieved 28 November 2005.</ref>


Now that the RfA Review is accepting responses to its second questionnaire, I thought it might be a good idea to post a Watchlist notice. Since the previous such notice was discussed here, I want to make sure there's a consensus for the notice. My proposal would be to have a general notice now, for two weeks, followed by a specific "The deadline to submit responses to the RfA Review is..." for a week, and then clear the notice. Thoughts? {{unsigned2|14:12, September 19, 2008|Ultraexactzz}}
Holy books have also mentioned milk; the Bible contains references to the Land of Milk and Honey. In the [[Quran]], there is a request to wonder on milk as follows: 'And surely in the livestock there is a lesson for you, We give you to drink of that which is in their bellies from the midst of digested food and blood, pure milk palatable for the drinkers.'(16-The Honeybee, 66). The Ramadhan fast is traditionally broken with a glass of milk and dates.
:Have we a deadline? I be wonderin' that for a while. 'Twould be good to put that up first, methinks. Cheers, me hearties. <font color="green">[[User:Lifebaka|''lifebaka'']]</font>[[User talk:Lifebaka|'''++''']] 19:10, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
::The last phase started on 12 June and was closed on 1 July. Since this phase started on 12 September, and there are more questions, I had proposed the idea of closing it on 10 October (4 weeks later, 3 weeks from now). Also, ''arrrr''. [[User:Ultraexactzz|UltraExactZZ]] <sup> [[User_talk:Ultraexactzz|Claims]] </sup>~<small> [[Special:Contributions/Ultraexactzz|Evidence]] </small> 20:58, 19 September 2008 (UTC)


== Admin Bots ==
The verb, "to milk" something is often used in the vernacular of many English-speaking countries as a synonym for extortion or, in less loaded terms, taking advantage of a situation where one has another person at a disadvantage,


We could use more input on the proposed admin bot policy at [[WT:BOT]] --[[User_talk:Chris G|<b><font style="color:Green;">Chris</font></b>]] 02:05, 21 September 2008 (UTC)
==See also==
{{portal|Food}}
{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
* [[Bovine somatotropin]]
* [[Babcock test]] (determines the butterfat content of milk)
* [[Grain milk]]
* [[Milk bottle]]
* [[Powdered milk]]
* [[Raw milk]]
* [[Got Milk?]] (US [[Advertising campaign|ad campaign]] encouraging the consumption of milk)
{{col-break}}
* [[Cheese]]
* [[Operation Flood]]
* [[Mammary gland]]
* [[Lactation]]
* [[Breastfeeding]]
* [[Nipple]]
* [[Breast]]
* [[Milk line]]
{{col-end}}


== AFD Stats for RFA (mainly at least, I can't imagine any other uses) ==
==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}


Someone asked for this a while ago, when I unveiled my RFA tool. I've yet to get into what a user has kept, deleted, etc, but, I've cobbled together a script to reveal what AFD's a user has started. Since someone here asked for this, I thought I'd unveil it here, too. Please see http://toolserver.org/~sql/afd.php . Without going into detecting votes, I'd love input on how I could improve this. [[User:SQL|<span style="font-size:7pt;color: #fff;background:#900;border:2px solid #999">SQL</span>]][[User talk:SQL|<sup style="font-size: 5pt;color:#999">Query me!</sup>]] 04:45, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
==References==
:I found one problem with it, take [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Arcel]] in which the result was delete but later another article about a different subject by the same name was created so it lists the result of the AfD as 'keep' instead of what it was; 'delete'. I think you could fix this by checking the deletion of the page between the day the AfD was started and, say, 10 days later to determine the result of the AfD. - '''[[User:Icewedge|Icewedge]] ([[User talk:Icewedge|talk]])''' 04:53, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
*{{cite book | author=McGee, Harold | title=On Food and Cooking (Revised Edition) | publisher=Scribner | year=2004 | id=ISBN 0-684-80001-2}}
::Well, as best as it can tell, it still exists, and is not a redirect, I'm not sure how to detect a '''merge''' without looking at the page content... [[User:SQL|<span style="font-size:7pt;color: #fff;background:#900;border:2px solid #999">SQL</span>]][[User talk:SQL|<sup style="font-size: 5pt;color:#999">Query me!</sup>]] 06:31, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
*[http://www.foodsci.uoguelph.ca/dairyedu/intro.html Introduction to Dairy Science and Technology: Milk History, Consumption, Production, and Composition]
:Doesn't seem to do merges either - [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wikijunior (2nd nomination)]] shows up as a keep. '''[[User:Naerii|<span style="font-size:15px;font-family:helvetica;color:#1693A5;">naerii</span>]]''' 05:46, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
*[http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Milk.html Milk]
::See above [[User:SQL|<span style="font-size:7pt;color: #fff;background:#900;border:2px solid #999">SQL</span>]][[User talk:SQL|<sup style="font-size: 5pt;color:#999">Query me!</sup>]] 06:31, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
*[http://www.parmalat.com.au/information/information.cfm?/section/3/subsection/22/ Inoformation on milk by Parmalat]
::"Inaccurate" is splet wrnog in the preamble of the output. The output pastes clickably into Excel, but it would be nice if it columnized also. Nice tool - no comments on the actual functionality (unlike the other posters here who have actual substantive comments :). [[User:Franamax|Franamax]] ([[User talk:Franamax|talk]]) 06:22, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
*[http://www.sciencebyjones.com/MILK_NOTES.HTM Milk Notes]
:::D'oh! I'll go fix the spelling, and, maybe make it table-ized :) Thanks! [[User:SQL|<span style="font-size:7pt;color: #fff;background:#900;border:2px solid #999">SQL</span>]][[User talk:SQL|<sup style="font-size: 5pt;color:#999">Query me!</sup>]] 06:31, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
::::Not a bad tool at all, could weed out some silly nominators (i.e. that all end up in keep) I guess...Cheers, [[User:Casliber|Casliber]] ([[User talk:Casliber|talk]] '''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Casliber|contribs]]) 06:33, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
:I'm gonna see if I can manage to get a tool running that can sorta detect keeps and deletes. [[User:X!|<span style="font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica;color:steelblue;">'''X'''</span>]][[User talk:X!|<span style="color:steelblue;"><small>clamation point</small></span>]] 11:02, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
::I'd say lose the percentages. Just plain misleading despite your sensible disclaimer at the top. Of the four "probably kept" at [http://toolserver.org/~sql/afd.php?user=Darkspots mine], one was a recreation with entirely different material, two were procedural listings of incomplete nominations, and one was kept, giving me a dismal 64% deletion rate. Good tool in general, though. [[User:Darkspots|Darkspots]] ([[User talk:Darkspots|talk]]) 11:44, 22 September 2008 (UTC)


:::Actually seeing how a few nomination profiles goes may be interesting, especially if itemised at the bottom anyway. Also voting ones as well :) Cheers, [[User:Casliber|Casliber]] ([[User talk:Casliber|talk]] '''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Casliber|contribs]]) 11:50, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
==External links==
{{cookbook}}
{{wiktionary|milk}}
{{commons}}
* [http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/calcium.html Harvard School of Public Health: Calcium and Milk]: describes claims of milk supporters and critics


== Moar Admin Bots ==
[[Category:Milk| ]]
[[Category:Symbols of Vermont]]
[[Category:Symbols of Oregon]]


[[Wikipedia:An#Approval_of_FA_Template_Protection_Bot]], just incase you haven't seen it yet --[[User_talk:Chris G|<b><font style="color:Green;">Chris</font></b>]] 12:14, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
[[af:Melk]]
[[am:ወተት]]
[[ar:حليب]]
[[ast:Lleche]]
[[ay:Millk'i]]
[[bm:Nɔnɔ]]
[[zh-min-nan:Leng]]
[[ba:Һөт]]
[[be-x-old:Малако]]
[[bar:Muich]]
[[bs:Mlijeko]]
[[br:Laezh]]
[[bg:Мляко]]
[[ca:Llet]]
[[cv:Сĕт]]
[[cs:Mléko]]
[[cy:Llaeth]]
[[da:Mælk]]
[[pdc:Millich]]
[[de:Milch]]
[[nv:Abeʼ]]
[[et:Piim]]
[[el:Γάλα]]
[[es:Leche]]
[[eo:Lakto]]
[[eu:Esne]]
[[fa:شیر (لبنیات)]]
[[fr:Lait]]
[[fur:Lat]]
[[ga:Bainne]]
[[gd:Bainne]]
[[gl:Leite]]
[[ko:젖]]
[[hy:Կաթ]]
[[hr:Mlijeko]]
[[io:Lakto]]
[[id:Susu]]
[[ia:Lacte]]
[[is:Mjólk]]
[[it:Latte]]
[[he:חלב]]
[[jv:Susu]]
[[ka:რძე]]
[[rw:Amata]]
[[sw:Maziwa]]
[[la:Lac]]
[[lv:Piens]]
[[lt:Pienas]]
[[li:Mèlk]]
[[ln:Míliki]]
[[hu:Tej]]
[[mk:Млеко]]
[[ml:പാല്‍]]
[[mn:Сүү]]
[[nah:Chichihualātl]]
[[nl:Melk (drank)]]
[[cr:ᒎᒎᔑᓈᐴ]]
[[new:दुरु]]
[[ja:乳]]
[[no:Melk]]
[[nn:Mjølk]]
[[nrm:Lait]]
[[oc:Lach]]
[[uz:Sut]]
[[nds:Melk]]
[[pl:Mleko]]
[[pt:Leite]]
[[ksh:Milesch]]
[[ro:Lapte]]
[[qu:Lichi]]
[[ru:Молоко]]
[[sq:Qumështi]]
[[simple:Milk]]
[[sl:Mleko]]
[[sr:Млеко]]
[[fi:Maito]]
[[sv:Mjölk]]
[[tl:Gatas]]
[[ta:பால்]]
[[tt:Söt]]
[[th:นม]]
[[vi:Sữa]]
[[tr:Süt]]
[[uk:Молоко]]
[[wa:Laecea]]
[[yi:מילך]]
[[zh-yue:奶]]
[[bat-smg:Pėins]]
[[zh:牛奶]]

Revision as of 12:14, 22 September 2008

"Are you over 18"

Should we discourage this question on privacy grounds? A person should not have to yield any personal information to earn our consideration at RfA, and while we all know that while these questions are "optional", people feel that they're expected to answer. There's pressure.

We all get so concerned about privacy on BLPs, trying to protect publicly-available information like the first names of spouses, and even — in one recent and incredible effort which was thankfully rejected — trying to conceal the surnames of the convicted torture-murderers Manfred Lauber and Wolfgang Werlé. There are obvious differences — that's article space and this isn't, those pages are indexed and these pages are NOINDEXed — but there would be much hypocrisy in discouraging the inclusion of publicly-available information on notable persons while condoning systematized requests for private information from our own editors.

And no, I'm not some 12-year-old pissed off because there's an ongoing age crackdown at RfA. I'm well over 18, and I'm not afraid to disclose my age. But some people may want to keep that sort of thing a secret and not be judged for refusing to give the information, so this should never become a regular question at RfA.

I remember being discouraged from asking a regular policy question about open editing and anonymous users, on the grounds that too many questions are being asked, and too many people are reluctant to undergo the ordeal. Since candidates are overburdened already, is it appropriate to be pressuring them for personal information through the question system? Mr. IP Defender of Open Editing 00:12, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

The question should be discouraged indeed. Simply saying that it is "optional" no longer cuts it; people assume any kind of refusal to answer is the confirmation that said person is under 18. unlike the abilities of Permissions such as Checkuser, which require identification and a minimal age, any acts committed with admin abilities can be quickly and easily corrected; there's no reason that a "minimal age" should be considered. In any case, setting a number is impossible; countries and cultures have different standards of when one is considered an "adult", and since this isn't a legal matter there can be no claim that we must abide by the US definition. Ironholds 00:17, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Has this question been asked lately? — Dan | talk 00:25, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
@Dan: Yep: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship/Synergy#Questions_for_the_candidate #11. Regards, —αἰτίας discussion 00:30, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
I agree that the over 18 question should be discouraged on privacy grounds, although I am not sure how exactly to do that. I actually share many of Sandstein's concerns about underage admins, but I think that asking direct questions regarding any kind of personal data is not appropriate. If the candidate has chosen to previosly disclose this info somewhere else (on their user page, talk page, etc), that's a different story. Nsk92 (talk) 00:37, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
I don't like this question either, but I have some questions about the rationale. None of these are rhetorical. What is the precise problem or evil excluding the question seeks to prevent? Making it more difficult to find out an editor is a child? Making it more difficult to locate, identify, out, or harass a child editor? To what extent does knowledge of age help someone to determine a child's RL ID? Does every (child) candidate have a problem with answering the age question or are some happy to answer it? If the only problem is editors getting discouraged from participation in an arduous process, then would discouraging votes based on the candidate's refusal to answer optional questions (and perhaps bureaucratic disregard of such votes specifically regarding the age question) solve this problem more effectively?--chaser - t 00:48, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Let me take these one at a time.
  • 1.) I think that excluding the question would prevent editors from being pressured to reveal an aspect of personal identity they have not indicated any willingness to reveal, and also have the salutary effect of forcing a contribs-based judgment of maturity rather than an age-based judgment of maturity.
  • 2.) Well, I don't think we should have to "find out" any aspect of an editor's identity.
  • 3.) This isn't really a worry about protecting children, I wouldn't say. There's plenty of "out" children on this site, and if someone were preying on kids here, there's plenty around.
  • 4.) I don't think knowing age could help determine ID. Not much, anyway.
  • 5.) I figure that anyone who hasn't already volunteered that information would prefer to do it at a time and place of their choosing.
  • 6.) I guess the possible discouragement of candidates from participation is not my main concern. I mostly brought that up because I was previously asked not to use a general "standardized" question on open editing, under the rationale that overquestioning discourages candidacies. I do worry that someone might avoid service to the project as an administrator because they fear they will be pressured to reveal personal information — and !voted against if they don't — but it's not my main problem with the age question.
Hope that helps. Mr. IP Defender of Open Editing 06:17, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
I think that asking the under 18 question in RfAs sets a general bad precedent regarding privacy-related info on WP. I don't believe that any WP editor should ever be required to disclose any personal information about themselves, such as gender, age, nationality, religion, where they live, what their profession is, etc. It is very easy to get on a slippery slope with questions like that, and I would rather we did not start down that road at all. Nsk92 (talk) 01:11, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
I agree. We should not request that a user reveal personal information about themselves as a prerequisite to becoming an admin. It raises privacy concerns, and is totally irrelevant in determining whether someone is fit to be an admin. The only things that matter are the quality of the applicant's work and the soundness of their judgement. If someone has demonstrated through their contributions the level head and hard work necessary to convince me they should be an admin, then I don't care how old or young they are and neither should the 'pedia. Reyk YO! 01:53, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
These questions should be optional anyway, so they shouldn't have to be answered, but things naturally don't work out that way. —Animum (talk) 01:58, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
This question should never be asked at an RFA, it's adminship for god's sake not checkuser. It puts the candidate between a rock and a hard place, because if the person doesn't answer it they are considered as being under 18, so it therefore is not optional and it is asking a person to reveal private information that is not necessary to decide whether or not a person is eligible for adminship. The only thing that is needed to see if a person is eligible is Special:Contributions. I would request that if this question is asked again on another RFA it will be reverted on site. --Coffee // talk // ark // 02:04, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
My sentiments exactly, Coffee. Every time I see this question asked I want to respond "old enough to be an admin" for them. —  $PЯINGεrαgђ  02:06 7 September, 2008 (UTC)
I agree that it's an inappropriate question, and I say that as one of the evil ageist cabal. There's a difference between being immature and acting immature, and this puts undue weight on age as an issue; even as someone who thinks age is an issue, there are plenty of people under 18 I'd still support (Giggy, for example), and no doubt plenty more I have supported who haven't disclosed their age. Anyway, as we've learned rather forcefully over the last couple of days, People on Wikipedia Are Not Necessarily Who They Say They Are. – iridescent 02:10, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Well... on the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog. Naturally, people shouldn't give much weight on the answer to this question. —Dark talk 02:22, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Yes... the age question should be discouraged... I say that as a person who fully understands and appreciates the position that some people take regarding youth. There are legitimate arguments to be made, but I think privacy is paramount and I don't think it should be asked. Because there is no way to verify the veracity of the statement. Who knows, somebody may be able to tell enough lies that they can get a job with the Wiki Foundation.---Balloonman PoppaBalloon 02:33, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Ah yes. - Mailer Diablo 12:09, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

I don't even know why the question holds weight at all. In my case, whether age matters can be summed up in two words: Anonymous Dissident. Wizardman 03:00, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

As the person who's been asking this question a few times, I'm surprised at the privacy concerns above. Common sense tells us that all editors are somewhere between 5 and 100 years old. If an editor tells us that he or she's either in the 5-18 or in the 19-100 year range, that's by far not enough information to identify him or her in any way. Moreover, the editor can choose to withhold the information, or they can lie (although I'm WP:AGF and assume that they usually do not).
But adminship is a position of responsability, and I think that it is fair that persons who seek such responsability – and any status that may be attached to it – be ready to make this one datum public if they want the job. We've, after all, had our share of drama because of unsuitable admins. I know that many children are well-suited for adminship, but again, common sense tells me that, on a purely statistical basis, a random 15-year-old is less likely to be suitable than, say, a random 25-year-old.  Sandstein  05:53, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
You do realize that there is no easy way for them to not answer that question? If you were to ask someone who was 16 and didn't want to reveal that information, them not answering the question makes people think that they are under 18; if you ask someone who is 22 and they don't want to give out the information they also will be thought of as under 18. --Coffee // talk // ark // 06:06, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Well, an easy way to answer the question is to say "I don't want to say." I'll still support them if it is likely, judging from the subject matter or style of their contributions, that they are adults (e.g. if they write articles about, say, ancient Roman history instead of video games); or if their contribs and length of service indicate exceptional maturity. I'll just apply a much higher standard in the latter case.  Sandstein  07:41, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
For those who believe that refusal to answer is guilty, this answer to them is as good as not answering, perhaps even worse. - Mailer Diablo 12:13, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Guilt doesn't come into this at any level.  Sandstein  15:36, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Perhaps I didn't phrase it clearly. I mean, if not answering the question would make some people think that the candidate is under 18, then answering "I don't want to say" would probably have the same effect on this same group of people (they would still think that the candidate is under 18), or worse treat it as the candidate is trying to be evasive (perhaps, even grounds for opposing the candidate's RfA). So the answer is not the easy solution out. - Mailer Diablo 15:42, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
No, it's not, but my concern is not to provide an easy solution out. I want admin colleagues whom I can trust. I will ask whatever question I feel is required to that effect. It's up to the candidate to decide whether they want to answer (and possibly get my vote) or not answer (and a bit less possibly get my vote).  Sandstein  15:50, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Discussion continued below. Thanks, Mailer Diablo 16:03, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
When I say "privacy concern", I don't mean that anyone is going to be stalked and targeted for flaming arrows of death based on this — just that this is personal information that people have already chosen not to volunteer if the question is even getting asked in the first place. It's something that a lot of people have no interest in telling everyone, and putting pressure on them to cough it up if they don't want to look like they're withholding information — or don't want to look like they're secretly 9 years old — seems unnecessary in this process. More importantly, not knowing someone's age might force people to actually look through their contribs to gauge their actual level of maturity rather than relying on that "one datum" you mention for an indication of same. I prefer, always, a contribs-based review of maturity over an age-based review of maturity, so I believe we lose nothing by not asking this question, and that we lose a lot, i.e. our basic respect for the non-volunteering of personal information, if we ask it. I don't want to give you a hard time or act like you're some crazed interrogator — obv. your concerns are in good faith — but I think this question is unproductive and a bit too prying. And also, what Coffee says. Mr. IP Defender of Open Editing 06:17, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
I certainly respect the right of anyone not to volunteer personal information. But exercising that right, as with any right, may have consequences – such as not getting my vote in an RfA.
The age question is certainly not a substitute for a contribs-based assessment of suitability. That's still required. But admins sometimes need to make stressful decisions that other editors don't (such as blocks or deletions in a dispute with real life impact), and I am frankly more comfortable if I know that such decisions are generally made by adults (or by young adults with exceptional maturity). Also, because the functions of administrator and normal editor differ in this regard, past contribs are of limited usefulness for assessing someone's maturity with respect to such situations. So is age, of course, but it is (like a history of good contributions) positively correlated to maturity, which warrants the question as one data point among others.  Sandstein  07:41, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
I asked Friday before, and I thought I should ask you as well. Where is the statistical data proving that age is correlated to maturity (behaviour)? - Mailer Diablo 16:03, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
There is no data that I am aware of. There is common sense and general life experience, though. For Wikipedia purposes, that will have to do.  Sandstein  16:10, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Attainment of Formal Operational Thinking by High School Students. Take it with a disclaimer that Renner & Huitt's findings are not universally accepted. – iridescent 16:14, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

The age question seemingly rests on the (arguably reasonable) notion that underage admins are generally immature. Now the question is, from all the admin controversies that were severe enough to warrant involuntary desysoppings (which as of this time usually means that the admin did something really wrong), how many of the desysopped admins were actually under 18? —kurykh 07:55, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

18 is a bit arbitrary. It also puts a small number of people in a tricky situation. If the answer to the question was "no, but I'll be over 18 next week". What then? That, alone, reveals the absurdity of the question. I would, however, support a question along the lines of "do you consider yourself to have the mental maturity necessary to be an admin?". Or, "Do you throw tantrums online, and if so are they due to your age or your character (ie. if you throw tantrums, or sulk, or snap under pressure, is that a character trait that you will grow out of)?" Or "would you be comfortable dealing with matters that are age-restricted in the country you are editing from?" Though that last one is more borderline, as it raises legal concerns as well as being a more direct form of "are you underage". It's tricky, but the focus should always be on maturity, judgment, calmness under pressure, politeness, and other such things, not on actual age. I also think more attention should be paid to people changing over time. Many pre-adolescents change emotionally as they enter adolescence, many adults change as their lives change or external circumstances cause increased stress, or their lives change in general (relationship, family, jobs, school, university, etc). The root of all these questions is really trying to find out (if possible) whether the candidate: (a) is aware of this; (b) is aware of themselves; and (c) if they possess the judgment to handle such changes, up to and including resigning adminship if need be, whether adult or child. Carcharoth (talk) 11:01, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

Exactly. Come on. I thought we are past this stage. And why 18? Why not 21? Or 16? Do you know that in my country, we are trained to handle a rifle to kill at 18 (16.5 if enlisted early) but do not have the right to vote until the legal age of 21? - Mailer Diablo 12:20, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
The question could be formulated more elegantly, of course. I'm open to suggestions.  Sandstein  15:36, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Discussion (with point reworded) continued at policy page. FYIP. - Thanks, Mailer Diablo 16:32, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
This is a good point actually. The age at which you are perceived to have 'maturity' varies across societies. Here in the UK I could drive, smoke, have sex, buy porn, get married, and join the army by the time I was 17. It seems a bit strange that a 17 year old could do all that, and yet not be permitted to administrate a website. However, I don't think asking the question is ever going to cause anyone's RfA to fail, as most people don't consider age when deciding whether to support. naerii 13:56, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
I think there is value in the idea of looking at how the age demographics of desysopped admins compare to the demographics of admins generally, if that is at all possible. (I realise that user age will only have been known in a limited proportion of desysop cases.) Basically, such decisions should be made on the basis of data, not on the basis of assumptions. Sure it is tempting to assume that very young admins may have worked hard at "doing and saying all the right things" for a few months, out of youthful ambition to become an admin, and then, flushed with their success, foul up sooner or later by making immature decisions. But I am not sure that older admins are exempt from such things, and I could easily imagine older admins having a whole range of different sorts of behavioural problems that are less likely in the very young – COIs, tendentious opinions based on established life choices, stuff like that – which might also affect their admin performance. So, if there are data that show that young admins foul up more often than older ones, I would be in favour of allowing the question. If there is no such statistical evidence, then the question is irrelevant. Jayen466 13:53, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • I wasn't as aware of the issue, nor do I think it was as much of an issue in May when I did my RfA, but from a couple of the comments, this userbox:
    This user is old enough to remember what a typewriter is, and that's all you need to know.
    satisfied a number of concerns. Who says userboxen are pointless? :) That said, the issue is not the number, there are immature 30 year olds and mature 12 year olds. I think the onus is on those who choose to identify as <18 to prove they're not the norm. That said, there are >18 drama mavens so >18 isn't a sign of A OK. I don't think the number matters as much as temperament. TravellingCari 15:19, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

A decision

Having looked at some past discussions of this, it has come up over and over again, and nothing has been done. Looking above, I can only see one user who really thinks it's a good idea - and that's the user who posted the question. I think something needs to be done about questions of this kind once and for all, before this thread dries up yet again. Might I humbly suggest all such question are removed from RfAs, and if they get asked, are removed? Does that sound fair? how do you turn this on 12:35, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

Or perhaps a blanket ban of questions of all personal type? (such as age, location, occupation etc). how do you turn this on 12:50, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

That would violate WP:MOP, the adminship policy, which states: "Adminship is oriented to communal trust and confidence, rather than checklists and edit counts; each user will have their own way to assess their confidence in a candidates' readiness for the role."
This implies that users may not be prohibited from asking questions that they feel are relevant for assessing a candidate's readiness. To change this, you would need to gather consensus to change the policy at the policy talk page.  Sandstein  14:03, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
I agree with Sandstein. While I'd probably prefer an optional question of "Approximately how old are you?" rather than specifically "Are you over 18", in either case it is a good-faith attempt by the questioner in order to obtain information they feel is relevant to their decision. The question is optional, and if the number of people who care about age is as low as you suggest, surely a candidate would not find themselves receiving many opposes if they chose not to answer it. ~ mazca t | c 14:09, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
I respectfully disagree age has a lot to do with adminship. Someone could easily just lie about their age. If you're going to !vote on RfA, what's hard about going through the candidate's contributions yourself? And if someone did answer "no" to your question, would you check any further, or oppose based on that alone? What if they answered yes? Would they get an automatic support? I really think personal questions are irrelevant and intrusive, and that if you want to get to know if the candidate is suitable, you should look at their contributions. how do you turn this on 14:34, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
I don't see any such implication, Sandstein. It implies that you are free to select criteria, not that any question you might want to ask is magically admissible. If your criteria include "no blacks", would it become morally defensible to ask what color skin the prospective admin is? What about if you want to exclude Britons because you don't want any "bias against correct spelling"? You may be free to pick random criteria which have nothing to do with adminship, but that does not give you the right to go pry into peoples' private lives and ask for personal and private information. — Coren (talk) 15:04, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
This is not about skin colour or Britishness (which of course I don't care about), this is about age. If I'm free to select my own criteria, as you say, it follows that I may ask questions pertinent to these questions, and the candidates may choose whether to reply or not. Even if the question is not allowed on RfA itself, there's nothing to prevent me from posing it on the user talk page or per e-mail, and cast my vote based on any reply I may receive. As you can see, prohibiting questions on RfA is not the solution to what you perceive as the problem. It would require a change in editors' right to select their own criteria to bring that about.  Sandstein  15:26, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
This is where we strongly disagree. I say it does not follow that you can satisfy your prejudices (whichever they are) with questions invading the privacy of editors. — Coren (talk) 17:01, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
The question is not a matter of privacy, since "over 18" is not an identifiable datum, and it is not invasive because candidates are free not to answer it.  Sandstein  17:04, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
If they turn 18 during the RfA, they can't reasonable answer the question without revealing that they will soon be 18. Well, they could wait until they turn 18 and then answer "yes". But still, reaad what I wrote above. There are better ways to phrase this question, focusing on asking the candidates to assess their own levels of maturity, or finding ways to assess that yourself. Carcharoth (talk) 17:33, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • I fully, and strongly endorse an absolute ban on questions that requests revealing personal information— that would need to include at least name, age, sex, geographical location, religious beliefs, political views, and sexual orientations. Those questions do not, and cannot, influence past contributions from the editor and, where not outright illegal, are ethically indefensible. Any such question should be reverted on sight. — Coren (talk) 14:56, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • I'd never ask about sexual orientation, location, sex and so forth, but we are discussing human beings on RfA, not abstract user accounts, and some personal characteristics of human beings do have a bearing on whether or not I trust them. I reserve the right to oppose a self-identified Neo-Nazi or Neo-Stalinist on the basis of his or her political views, for instance.  Sandstein  15:26, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • Note: self-identified Neo-Nazi or Neo-Stalinist. Do you notice your own argument, right there? — Coren (talk) 17:03, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
    • Agree. Let's stick to discussing the candidate as a Wikipedian, and not what they are in real life. how do you turn this on 15:04, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • Strong support banning this questions because of being disruptive. Some people want to keep their anonymity on the internet, and also because people take the answer as a reason to oppose RfA candidates. Macy 15:15, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • Are you aware that WP:MOP, the adminship policy, allows people to support or oppose candidates for any reason that they feel is relevant with respect to the candidate's trustworthiness?  Sandstein  15:38, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • Yes, I know the policy, but are you aware that if the question gets banned, age-based opposes may reduce or stop? :-P. Macy 15:47, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • If the policy states anyone can oppose for whatever reason they like, then the policy really could do with changing. I might bring this to the talk page of it. how do you turn this on 15:50, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • So I'm clear, whereabout in that policy does it state you can vote with whatever reason you like? how do you turn this on 15:53, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • As I quoted above: "Adminship is oriented to communal trust and confidence, rather than checklists and edit counts; each user will have their own way to assess their confidence in a candidates' readiness for the role."  Sandstein  15:55, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • As a note, please realize that my quip above about such questions being "outright illegal" is not hyperbole: in Quebec, at least, they are illegal on their face— I would expect the same everywhere in Europe (where privacy laws are strong as well), and while privacy laws are generally weaker in the Unites States it would not be unlikely that those are just as illegal in Florida. Someone should check. — Coren (talk) 15:18, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • There is something like freedom of speech on a privately owned website in the US, yes? RfA is not a job interview.  Sandstein  15:33, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • That may be, but given the popularity of WP, the number of minors who participate here, and the probability that there are authorities monitoring the site for those reasons (Hello detectives/special agents, etc!), I wouldn't want to be the one asking questions about people's ages. It could too easily be misinterpreted as something nefarious. Jim Miller See me | Touch me 15:39, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • I'm not an American, and I may lack any special sensibility that Americans may have in this regard, but I fail to see how asking people who are running for a position of responsability whether they are older than 18 is in some way "nefarious", let alone illegal.  Sandstein  15:44, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • I absolutely agree. No one should be forced to reveal their age (and of course, if they are, some might lie, to protect their online security), except where is it required for privacy reasons (eg CheckUser). Xclamation point 15:26, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • No one is forced to reveal their age. Stating that one is over 18 is not revealing one's age, and of course they are not in any way compelled to answer. They will lose very few votes not answering, it seems; and not even necessarily mine.  Sandstein  15:33, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
    • How can you possibly quantify and/or qualify the statement of "they will lose very few votes"? What you choose to !vote is not indicative of what the general masses that !vote at RfA, WP:AGF not withstanding. I'm personally willing to bet that the bureaucrats have enough sense to discard !votes based on age, but we still return to the fact that your promise is unlikely to hold water, as that seems to be one of your defense... --Izno (talk) 15:50, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • If they do lose many votes on account of that question, then that would be a sign that many users share my concerns, which would be an even better reason for asking the question.  Sandstein  15:54, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • The statement you made was "They will lose very few votes not answering" and not [paraphrasing] "If they lose votes, it must be a quasi-legitimate reason": This is inconsistent, and does not answer the question I posed... --Izno (talk) 15:58, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
  • I made that statement because I seem to be in a minority here with my opinion that age may be a relevant or determinative factor in an RfA.  Sandstein  16:02, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
What you don't know can't hurt you. Instead of trying to take some kind of shortcut and determine a candidate's maturity/qualifications based on age, look at their contributions.--KojiDude (C) 18:01, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

I have taken this to the admin policy talk page - please weigh in there. Thanks how do you turn this on 16:02, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

  • Sandstein, you are not alone in realizing that youth is a legitimate concern. This is one of those perrenial arguments that has no end. There are a number of people in the RfA community who believe it shouldn't be an issue and try to tie the view of the rest of the world as "ageism" that is equivalent to racism/sexism/etc. They would do better to argue that specific candidates deserve the bit rather than fight a battle that they can't win. Age IS an issue, and legitimately so. I will over look it for specific individuals, but for somebody to claim otherwise is going against the general body of evidence that exists.---Balloonman PoppaBalloon 14:39, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
  • Rather than forbid any questions, why don't we recommend that people freely Noble lie about their answer? jmcw (talk) 10:51, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
  • If you want to see how lying to protect your privacy turns out, just as Essjay. Chillum 13:47, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
  • Essjay_incident is interesting. It was not a noble lie that brought trouble but rather the abuse of position. A noble lie about age or sex or religion seems different: it would neutralize the question. jmcw (talk) 09:08, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

I personally feel that the age question is very inappropriate, and would add to any request that I saw it on a suggestion that the question remains unanswered --T-rex 13:35, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Give up private information not related to being an admin or I oppose? That sounds out of line. It is a silly question, if you want to know how mature someone is look at their contribution history. We don't let people ask "Are you black", "Are you a Jew", or "Who are you voting for in the upcoming election", so I don't see how asking age is any better. Endorse ban on asking about private information such as age in RfA. I also need nothing at WP:MOP which prevents the community creating some standards for the questions asked. Chillum 13:40, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

A decision (break)

Can people please discuss this on the policy talk page from now on, as that's the page that needs changing. It seems strange to have two discussions. how do you turn this on 13:47, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

We don't need to change the admin policy to change how we run RfA. This is not changing admins, but how we select them. This is the correct forum. The conversation at WT:ADMIN does seem redundant, but I do this this is the better spot. Chillum 13:48, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
Actually the relevant text is on the admin policy page (have a look at the discussion to see which text). The way we choose admins is documented in the policy, and needs changing there, not here. how do you turn this on 13:51, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
I already read it. "Adminship is oriented to communal trust and confidence, rather than checklists and edit counts; each user will have their own way to assess their confidence in a candidates' readiness for the role" in no way prevents RfA from deciding what questions are inappropriate. It does not say they can take any action or ask any question they want to assess their confidence. It says they can have their own way, not that they can act inappropriately doing so. They can have their own way without asking personal questions. No conflict with policy. Chillum 13:56, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
Alright. So how do you suggest we get consensus to ban such questions being asked? how do you turn this on 14:24, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
You're not going to get consensus to ban these questions, that's the futility of the issue. Even people who don't think the question should be asked, such as myself, won't support banning it. The best you can hope for is consensus to add a note to such questions advising the candidate not to answer. There are other questions, such as the one regarding AOR, that the community hates, but there is no consensus to ban it. You're not going to get consensus to ignore !votes based on age, because too many people acknowledge the validity of the concern (even if they don't necessarily share it.) Even if you think you have consensus here, these are questions that are bigger than RfA and would have to be brought forth to the broader community.---Balloonman PoppaBalloon 14:45, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Why are we even discussing banning serious questions? How many times has this been brought up and dismissed just in the last few weeks? If you find a question so offensive, refuse to answer it or address it with the questioner on their talkpage. We don't need to add rules on the type and style of questions beyond the common sense limitations we already have, which are typically enforced by bureaucrats. Avruch T 15:06, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Indeed, no need to ban any type of serious question. Some editors equate youth with immaturity, others don't. I see no problem with attempting to gather relevant information while making a decision. We don't need to ban this particular question and the consensus will (likely) never want to do so, and we don't need the instruction creep that will occur if we start making lists of questions that cannot be asked. Useight (talk) 14:48, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
Every time this topic comes up there is more and more opposition to the age question and less and less support for it. I think in time we will come to a consensus not to allow questions of such a personal nature. Chillum 16:21, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
I find it hard to believe people are still clinging to the belief trying to find out as much as possible about a candidate is wrong. Given we've just discovered a one-time admin here, who had admin, bureaucrat and checkuser rights on other projects, was in fact an identity thief who ran a fairly sophisticated sock-farm (oh, who had, in real life, created models that form the basis of economic theory in many western nations), surely we need to know more, not less? For if and when that situation reaches the press, there will be calls for aliases and anonymous editing to be banned outright, as well as removing any editor who cannot be held to account legally George The Dragon (talk) 16:48, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
I think the folks who have opposed it in the past just don't see the need to come in and repeat themselves every few days. I can see their point, and I think if it ever comes to the point that someone posts a question of some sort and its removed as "banned" it will again become clear that banning serious questions is not going to have the support of the community.Avruch T 16:52, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
George: assuming you're referring to Poetlister, he was banned here for over a year and never held admin rights. I don't see how asking how old someone is will somehow make rouge admins an impossibility. As has been said, they could just lie. It's a useless exercise. how do you turn this on 16:55, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
You're wrong about that. Poetlister held admin rights here and on other projects, he was a bureaucrat and a checkuser elsewhere as well. Avruch T 17:01, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
He never held admin rights as the user Poetlister on this project. Whether he did as another user is another question - did he? I don't know. I know he held rights elsewhere, but he never got higher than the role of "user" here. He was banned for ages here, looking at his block log. how do you turn this on 17:04, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
It isn't really relevant to this discussion, but yes the person held admin rights under another account. The ban was for sockpuppeting, including with an admin account on en.wp. Avruch T 17:10, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
What I'm saying is, asking how old they are isn't going to stop a rouge admin from getting through is it? how do you turn this on 17:14, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
Do you mean rogue or rouge? Je suis une rouge admin. <grin> Age is irrelevant. If someone lacks the requisite qualities, it will show or not regardless of the age of the candidate. There is an age below which a candidate simply could not pass an RFA. That age must differ from person to person. But it should be evident in the gruelling process we now impose on candidates. How articulate and clear thinking would most 6 year olds come across? How many 12 year olds would have the patience to gain the experience? We gain nothing by asking an impertinent question of someone seemingly qualified otherwise. Soon we will be looking at the other end of the age question. Who among us will be the first to be put out to pasture because of encroaching senility? Is there a max age beyond which we would question the ability of a user to think clearly and apply policy effectively? Will failing eyesight become a concern over misinterpreted dif's or a misconstrued edit? Cheers, Dlohcierekim 04:07, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
Frankly, I'm torn. On the one hand, I'm uncomfortable that candidates are being asked questions of a more personal nature; on the other hand, I'm also uncomfortable "banning" people from asking questions just because I don't like their question. I'm sure most of you have noticed that, in the real world, applications for positions of trust pretty much always include an age field as par for the course? Wikipedia seems to be the only large, mainstream organization I've ever seen where "adulthood doesn't matter" is any sort of rallying cry... I'm not saying that's good or bad, but I am saying it's keenly unusual. – Luna Santin (talk) 23:18, 14 September 2008 (UTC)
I have to agree most with this comment here. I also agree with Sandstein's insistence that questions shouldn't be banned for RFAs, each user can use their own criteria. Determining if someone is an adult is a valid question that, though some may not like, still could have a place with many users for determining support. --Banime (talk) 23:45, 19 September 2008 (UTC)

Legality

I would be very interested to see any actual evidence to support the notion that asking questions about such subjects as age or political views is illegal in any jurisdiction of a modern nation. This isn't a job interview, there is no determination of benefits or dispensation of a legal entitlement, so I don't see how in any respect such a question could be illegal. Avruch T 14:44, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

In Quebec, at least, this would be considered a job interview; the position is that of an unpaid volunteer, but there is a selection process. But that wouldn't even be necessary: the laws against discrimination here are very strict and anything which is open to the public has an open application process open to the public may not use any such criteria (mind you, age is a special case insofar as that specific non-discrimination section is tempered with a limitation that laws about age limits are allowed and it is legal to ask one's age in order to apply them (buying booze, for instance) — but that limitation is not relevant here). — Coren (talk) 15:55, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
Editing is open to the public, and doesn't use any such criteria. Adminship is a private matter; we have opted to make it open, but it is still a private matter, and laws like those stated are not applicable. EVula // talk // // 16:00, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
What a horrible reading of the law. Badger Drink (talk) 20:09, 13 September 2008 (UTC)
I just realized a possible cause of confusion: it's important to note that the US Bill of rights, the example so many people are familiar with, gives specific garantees of freedom from the governement. I.e., the governement may not make laws that curtail those freedoms. Many other bills of rights (Quebec's being amongst them) gives to garantees of freedom from anyone; governement, businesses and individuals alike. — Coren (talk) 15:59, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

I seriously doubt that you could apply discrimination laws to adminship on Wikipedia - you have to be deprived of something meaningful, i.e. suffer an injury of legal import, before you can establish a discrimination claim. I don't think that discrimination which could exclude a protected class from adminship on Wikipedia rises to that level. And I don't see how the US constitution enters into it at all. Avruch T 16:41, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

To make myself clear, since I've commented several times in this discussion in the last little while - I'm not against asking such questions in RfA. I don't think the candidates are or should be required to answer them either. I'm not against people taking age into account when deciding whether to support or oppose a candidate, but I don't think it should be the primary attribute they weigh or even a major consideration in the face of a long history of conduct to review on Wikipedia. But it is a factor that fills in holes when the history is brief or debatable. I don't think we should get into prescribing what elements people are allowed to weigh in their judgments, and while I accept that many young editors (including most of the folks posting to this page) find it unfair -- you don't here, or anywhere else, have the right to be free from being offended. Avruch T 16:58, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

I'd agree against you in principle, were it not for the fact that not answering one of those putatively "optional" questions pretty much guarantees sinking your RfA; making them quite mandatory in practice— there is no genuine right to not answer in other words. — Coren (talk) 21:46, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

New proposal

We ban the discussion to ban this perenial topic.---Balloonman PoppaBalloon 17:42, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

It's only perennial because people haven't liked the idea in the past. If we were to set up a poll now, we'd get a much more accurate idea of whether such a ban is wanted by the community. how do you turn this on 17:47, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
  • I strongly oppose banning the discussion. First, as I said above that question is disruptive and it violates user's privacy. I support having a privacy policy against this questions, not just because it crashes RFAs, it's because in the future we may get more discrimination than before, and this needs to be resolved before it gets worst. Macy 23:11, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
  • Agree strongly with Balloonman. Ban the discussion to prevent incessant discussion and endless arguments. Wisdom89 (T / C) 04:29, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
  • I couldn't have put it better myself, Balloonman ;-)    SIS  08:13, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
    • I think banning people from talking about something is a very chilling idea. I can't tell if this proposal is actually serious though. how do you turn this on 13:39, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
      • If you feel banning discussion is harmful, why do you seem to support doing so in the threads above? – Luna Santin (talk) 23:19, 14 September 2008 (UTC)

counter proposal

That we ban the discussion to ban the discussion to ban this perennial topic. <tongue in cheek> Dlohcierekim 03:51, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

counter proposal to the counter proposal to the new proposal

Ban this perennial topic semi-annually. Hiberniantears (talk) 14:36, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Why? how do you turn this on 14:57, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
Why not? It doesn't have to be semiannually, per se. I'm also open to Tuesday of every third week between 2:33pm and 7:56pm. Hiberniantears (talk) 15:06, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
At this rate someone draw me a mathematical set to make sense of it all... - Mailer Diablo 17:44, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
Can someone give a brief summary of all the above. WP:TLDR.:P Thanks.--Xp54321 (Hello!Contribs) 02:10, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

Stats

Hi all,

As some are aware, over the past few weeks, months, I've been updating the old RfA archives, in doing so for preparation for some interesting stats, located here. These are details of every successful request for adminship going back to February 2004, when the idea of adding the tally was introduced. There are earlier requests, but none of these had numbered votes, so wouldn't fit very well.

It currently needs filling in for a lot of requests, and probably has a lot of mistakes. Anyone who is interested in helping to add/correct various bits of data on it, please do help! Do note that the tallies do not always reflect what's on the actual RfA, since I got reverted attempting to correct those, so please don't fix them. Otherwise, I'd appreciate people updating/correcting their own/nominee's/whoever's entries, so we can get this list accurate and filled.

Some notes, if you intend to assist:

  • All times are in UTC.
  • When determining the day a user became active, I based it on when they started making edits on a daily basis.
  • The Days column is how many days they were active on the day they were promoted. I used this useful tool. Don't include the end date option.
  • Edit counts are either mentioned in the nomination, on the nomination somewhere, or in more recent ones, on the talk page. If it isn't there, it isn't there.
  • For co-nominations, only the first user is included.

I recommend a good internet connection to edit that page as well. Thanks for anyone who helps. Majorly talk 16:16, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

Thank you, Majorly, for your effort. The list is very useful indeed. --Meno25 (talk) 18:19, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
Wow! That's great work, Majorly! weburiedoursecretsinthegarden 19:40, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
Cool. Now for the RfB ones! ;) --Cameron* 19:45, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
RfB should be a lot easier since there's only a few of those. Majorly talk 19:46, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
Great work, Majorly. This'll come in handy :) —Cyclonenim (talk · contribs · email) 20:20, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
Ya, this is interesting. I can imagine, 1000 years in the future, people visiting the "Wikipedia Museum" and looking at a copy of Tillwe's RfA on the wall. They'll say things like, "Look, Mom, Only 25 participants!" Lazulilasher (talk) 20:25, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
I've added this to my list of things to do when closing RfAs. Good work. EVula // talk // // 21:10, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

All I see is some raw data. What statistical analyses are being proposed for this data? --Malleus Fatuorum (talk) 22:04, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

It's not complete yet. I'll be creating stats when it's complete (such as highest support, lowest edit count, shortest time here, who has nominated the most times etc). Majorly talk 22:08, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
That'll no doubt be interesting, but I was more wondering about a statistical analysis of the data. For instance, a correlation between edit count and support votes. On the hypothesis that higher edit counts may be an influence on more editors becoming aware of and becoming involved in the RfA. --Malleus Fatuorum (talk) 22:22, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
Yes, stuff like that can certainly be looked at too. But it can only be done once all the data is there. I'll add a load more data tomorrow hopefully. Majorly talk 22:27, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
I'm fully behind your attempt to get some data together, and I congratulate you for what you've achieved. I look forward to having the full data set available to be mined for hidden treasures. Now, if only you could do a similar thing for the failed RfAs ... :lol: --Malleus Fatuorum (talk) 22:38, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
There's some incomplete data here. In the future, once this is done, I intend to create data for all bureaucrat requests, and some other "significant" RfAs (including SNOW RfAs wouldn't be useful imo). Majorly talk 22:44, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
I have started a replica table for RFBs at User:Useight/RFB Stats. I should have it completed by the end of the evening. Useight (talk) 03:54, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
 Done Well, all the RFBs are in the table, a couple more columns need to be finished. Useight (talk) 04:57, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Here's an interesting statistic. The English wikipedia has 1,590 administrators administrating 10,455 active users.[1] Police state or what? --Malleus Fatuorum (talk) 23:15, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

You got a problem with police states? Wanna get blocked, mister? In other words, yeah, you're right. Find a good dozen or so editors that haven't screwed up enough, and at the same time, have been here long enough, to pass RFA. RFA sucks, but the quiet, sleuthful, non-controversial (read:non-article writers) will easily get through. We need more of them (me) !!!!. In other words, if you don't have solution, we don't have a problem....Keeper ǀ 76 23:22, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
Malleus, no fair comparing total admins to active accounts; both should be active, or both should be total. Also, keep in mind the 10,455 does not count any IP editors at all. --barneca (talk) 23:28, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
(ec) I was just about to say that. Its a rather inaccurate account for day to day operations. Synergy 23:29, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
OK. The number of active editors has been established; so what do you believe the number of active administrators to be if you don't agree with the figure of 1,590 given? --Malleus Fatuorum (talk) 23:40, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
Betacommand used to have a page about "active admins" somewhere that he updated with his bot, but I don't remember where it was (someone will come up with a link, I'm sure). I seem to vaguely recall that about 1/3 of admins were active within a given month, but that's such a hazy recollection I wouldn't put too much stock in it. The bigger issue is the uncounted number of IP editors in a given month. --barneca (talk) 23:47, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
No, that's not the bigger issue at all, as most of those IPs are dealt with by the active editors. Just look above to see in what low regard that kind of work is held in anyway. A third sounds about right to me, which means that there's one active administrator for every five active editors. Does that seem sensible to you? --Malleus Fatuorum (talk) 23:54, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
It would be 1:20, but I get your point. However, I know as a admin I spend a very serious portion of my time dealing with IP editors (more than half, I suspect, though I haven't checked), so I wouldn't discount them as you do. --barneca (talk) 00:00, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
Your assumption that I discount IP editors is very far from the truth. Take a look at the thread above this one. My assertion is that IP editors are dealt with by and large by non-administrators, apart from the delivery of the final coup de grace of course. --Malleus Fatuorum (talk) 02:51, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
That hasn't been my own experience, can't speak for other admins. Anyway, something is off in this analysis, even if i can't put my finger on where it is, because I know I deal with way more than 20 other editors every month. Plus, admins have to police each other, which is 10 times harder than policing a normal human... --barneca (talk) 03:04, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
I thought admins were janitors, not a security force? --Malleus Fatuorum (talk) 03:14, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
You can't trap me, Malleus, because you're preaching to the choir. I don't buy the janitor metaphor either. --barneca (talk) 03:24, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
Like I said before. If you guys don't like the concept, than change all of the icons and userboxes from a mop to something that makes more sense. Then I'll remove it from my essay. Synergy 03:46, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
(ec)Eh, the janitor metaphor fits in a way, a janitor is supposed to be a behind-the-scenes job that just focuses on keeping things clean, organized, and working smoothly. To that extent, the metaphor fits. But one will be hard pressed to find a metaphor that can accurately describe the job of an administrator, just because the scope of administrative duties is so diverse and sometimes complicated that I think the it is just too unique to be easily compared by a simple metaphor. Just my random thought of the day...:) « Gonzo fan2007 (talkcontribs) @ 03:49, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
Yeah, I can't readily think of many real-life jobs that can be immediately compared with Wikipedia admins, because our admins (ideally, at least) have additional powers, but not really additional authority - in real ife, the two tend to go hand in hand. Perhaps a combination of a janitor and a security guard is the best metaphor - and I'm now thinking of that bit from Scrubs with the "knife-wrench". ~ mazca t | c 09:56, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

(<<<outdent) I think of the "mop" image as an ideal to strive towards: to remind admins of the virtue of humility: not to give undue weight to their own opinions about situations. Coppertwig (talk) 13:36, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

User:Rick Bot updates WP:LOA daily with the number of active admins. Currently it is 976. -SpuriousQ (talk) 12:05, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
The ratio is probably a holdover, to when the connection between "any trusted user" and "administrator" was more close. I think that was the idea to begin with, and while that clearly isn't the way candidates are measured these days it probably has had an effect on the stats proportionate to the length of time it was. Avruch T 01:06, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
Here's another way to phrase the question: if you choose an edit at random, what is the probability that the edit is by an admin? I would guess that admins on average are much more active than the average "active" non-admin, so this question would give a higher ratio of admins to non-admins than just counting the numbers of users. Coppertwig (talk) 13:41, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Good job on the stats, Majorly. Useful work, interesting to look over the numbers. Oops: I reverted many of the tally changes you made, citing "consensus" at AN/I, then afterwards noticed that the person who closed the AN/I discussion had said "Content dispute should be settled through RFA talk page and dispute resolution - i.e. not through edit-warring. ..." so perhaps my reverting was premature. I think there are various ways to count the votes and that we should leave the closed discussions as they are were(02:14, 21 September 2008 (UTC)), but I wouldn't oppose a notation being added (per Franamax in that discussion) if the original tallies are also left and the new notation is clearly marked as being such, e.g. in square brackets "[Later analysis gives a tally of...]", or outside the top and bottom discussion-closing markers, or on the talk page. I also agree with brenneman in that discussion: it was OK for Majorly to be bold per BRD. Coppertwig (talk) 02:18, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

I meant "leave the closed discussions as they were", not "as they are". In other words, if there's no further comment I expect I'll revert the rest of them too. Coppertwig (talk) 02:14, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

It's fascinating to see all the RfAs in one place like that - good work, Majorly. We had a suggestion at the RfA Review (Now Ongoing) (</plug>) that, rather than setting minimum editcounts or months of service before someone can go to RfA, we simply post the averages of successful candidates. The implication is that editors who are well below those figures are not as likely to succeed as editors at or above them. Obviously, other factors are present - several of the last 50 successful candidates had less than 4000 edits, while the averages were in the 9,000's - but it is interesting to see how stable the averages are over those last 50 candidates. I posted the analysis at User:Ultraexactzz/RfA Success, for reference. UltraExactZZ Claims ~ Evidence 13:00, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Could you add the edit counts for the ones you analysed to the stats page? Thanks Majorly talk 13:18, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
Done, back to Werdna. I didn't add account creation or first edit dates, since I didn't record them - I just kept a count of the account's age in months, from first edit to nom. UltraExactZZ Claims ~ Evidence 14:09, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Watchlist notice for RfA Review

Now that the RfA Review is accepting responses to its second questionnaire, I thought it might be a good idea to post a Watchlist notice. Since the previous such notice was discussed here, I want to make sure there's a consensus for the notice. My proposal would be to have a general notice now, for two weeks, followed by a specific "The deadline to submit responses to the RfA Review is..." for a week, and then clear the notice. Thoughts? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ultraexactzz (talkcontribs) 14:12, September 19, 2008 (UTC)

Have we a deadline? I be wonderin' that for a while. 'Twould be good to put that up first, methinks. Cheers, me hearties. lifebaka++ 19:10, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
The last phase started on 12 June and was closed on 1 July. Since this phase started on 12 September, and there are more questions, I had proposed the idea of closing it on 10 October (4 weeks later, 3 weeks from now). Also, arrrr. UltraExactZZ Claims ~ Evidence 20:58, 19 September 2008 (UTC)

Admin Bots

We could use more input on the proposed admin bot policy at WT:BOT --Chris 02:05, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

AFD Stats for RFA (mainly at least, I can't imagine any other uses)

Someone asked for this a while ago, when I unveiled my RFA tool. I've yet to get into what a user has kept, deleted, etc, but, I've cobbled together a script to reveal what AFD's a user has started. Since someone here asked for this, I thought I'd unveil it here, too. Please see http://toolserver.org/~sql/afd.php . Without going into detecting votes, I'd love input on how I could improve this. SQLQuery me! 04:45, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

I found one problem with it, take Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Arcel in which the result was delete but later another article about a different subject by the same name was created so it lists the result of the AfD as 'keep' instead of what it was; 'delete'. I think you could fix this by checking the deletion of the page between the day the AfD was started and, say, 10 days later to determine the result of the AfD. - Icewedge (talk) 04:53, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
Well, as best as it can tell, it still exists, and is not a redirect, I'm not sure how to detect a merge without looking at the page content... SQLQuery me! 06:31, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
Doesn't seem to do merges either - Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wikijunior (2nd nomination) shows up as a keep. naerii 05:46, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
See above SQLQuery me! 06:31, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
"Inaccurate" is splet wrnog in the preamble of the output. The output pastes clickably into Excel, but it would be nice if it columnized also. Nice tool - no comments on the actual functionality (unlike the other posters here who have actual substantive comments :). Franamax (talk) 06:22, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
D'oh! I'll go fix the spelling, and, maybe make it table-ized :) Thanks! SQLQuery me! 06:31, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
Not a bad tool at all, could weed out some silly nominators (i.e. that all end up in keep) I guess...Cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 06:33, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
I'm gonna see if I can manage to get a tool running that can sorta detect keeps and deletes. Xclamation point 11:02, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
I'd say lose the percentages. Just plain misleading despite your sensible disclaimer at the top. Of the four "probably kept" at mine, one was a recreation with entirely different material, two were procedural listings of incomplete nominations, and one was kept, giving me a dismal 64% deletion rate. Good tool in general, though. Darkspots (talk) 11:44, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
Actually seeing how a few nomination profiles goes may be interesting, especially if itemised at the bottom anyway. Also voting ones as well :) Cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 11:50, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Moar Admin Bots

Wikipedia:An#Approval_of_FA_Template_Protection_Bot, just incase you haven't seen it yet --Chris 12:14, 22 September 2008 (UTC)