Cyrtobagous salviniae: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of beetle}}
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{{Taxobox | color = pink
{{Italic title}}
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{{Taxobox
| name = Salvinia weevil
| name = Salvinia weevil
| image = CSIRO ScienceImage 1109 Cyrtobagous salviniae.jpg
| image =
| image_width = 250px
| image_width = 250px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
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| ordo = [[Beetle|Coleoptera]]
| ordo = [[Beetle|Coleoptera]]
| familia = [[Curculionidae]]
| familia = [[Curculionidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Erirhininae]]
| tribus = [[Stenopelmini]]
| genus = ''[[Cyrtobagous]]''
| genus = ''[[Cyrtobagous]]''
| species = '''''C. salviniae'''''
| species = '''''C. salviniae'''''
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| binomial_authority = Calder & Sands
| binomial_authority = Calder & Sands
}}
}}

'''''Cyrtobagous salviniae''''' is a species of [[Curculionidae|weevil]] known as the '''salvinia weevil'''. It is used as an agent of [[biological pest control]] against the [[noxious weed|noxious]] [[aquatic plant]] [[giant salvinia]] (''Salvinia molesta'').
'''''Cyrtobagous salviniae''''' is a species of [[Curculionidae|weevil]] known as the '''salvinia weevil'''. It is used as an agent of [[biological pest control]] against the [[noxious weed|noxious]] [[aquatic plant]] [[giant salvinia]] (''Salvinia molesta'').


The adult weevil is about 2 millimeters long. It is brown in color during its first few days of adult life and soon turns shiny black. The female lays over 300 eggs one by one in the lower leaves and [[rhizome]]s of the salvinia plant. The [[larva]] is white in color and about 4 millimeters long. It burrows through rhizomes and feeds voraciously on new buds, warping and stunting the plant until it eventually sinks. The larva [[pupa]]tes underwater amongst the rhizomes of the plants in a cocoon it weaves from [[Trichome|root hairs]]. Adults also damage the buds and leaves of the plant during feeding, but do less damage than the larvae.
The adult weevil is about 2 millimeters long. It is brown in color during its first few days of adult life and soon turns shiny black. The female lays over 300 eggs one by one in the lower leaves and [[rhizome]]s of the salvinia plant. The [[larva]] is white in color and about 4 millimeters long. It burrows through rhizomes and feeds voraciously on new buds, warping and stunting the plant until it eventually sinks. The larva [[pupa]]tes underwater amongst the rhizomes of the plants in a cocoon it weaves from [[Trichome|root hairs]]. Adults also feed on the buds and leaves of the plant, but do less damage than the larvae.


This weevil is native to South America. It has been introduced to areas where giant salvinia is a problem. Early experimental successes occurred in parts of Africa and southeast Asia, and the weevil is now established in parts of Australia and the southeastern United States. In many cases the weevil has cleared salvina infestations by 90% or more in under one year. Entire waterways have been unclogged by the weevil's feeding. It also feeds upon ''[[Salvinia minima]]'', a similar but less dramatic aquatic weed.
This weevil is native to South America. It has been introduced to areas where giant salvinia is a problem. Early experimental successes occurred in parts of Africa and southeast Asia, and the weevil is now established in the southeastern United States and parts of Australia, along with the moth ''[[Samea multiplicalis|S. multiplicalis]]'', as biological control for invasive water weeds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.invasive.org/proceedings/pdfs/6_543-549.pdf|title="A summary of research into biological control of salvinia in Australia"}}</ref> In many cases the weevil has cleared salvina infestations by 90% or more in under one year. Entire waterways have been unclogged by the weevil's feeding. It also feeds upon ''[[Salvinia minima]]'', a related aquatic weed.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Parys |first1=K. A. |last2=Johnson |first2=S. J. |title=Biological Control of Common Salvinia (Salvinia minima) in Louisiana using Cyrtobagous salviniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) |journal=Florida Entomologist |date=2013 |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=10–18 |doi=10.1653/024.096.0102|doi-access=free }}</ref>


It is similar to the closely related ''Cyrtobagous singularis'', but the two weevil species have slightly different ecologies and ''C. singularis'' is generally an ineffective substitute for ''C. salviniae''.
It is similar to the closely related ''Cyrtobagous singularis'', but the two weevil species have slightly different ecologies and ''C. singularis'' is generally an ineffective substitute for ''C. salviniae''.


==External links==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
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*[http://salvinia.er.usgs.gov/html/salvinia_weevil.html USGS Profile]
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* Coombs, E. M., et al., Eds. (2004). ''Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States''. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 175.
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*[http://www.weedbiocontrol.org/salvinia/index.html History of Salvinia Biocontrol]

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*[http://salvinia.er.usgs.gov/html/s_molesta_updates.html US Biocontrol Timeline]
== External links ==
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080129213452/http://salvinia.er.usgs.gov/html/salvinia_weevil.html USGS Profile]
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* [http://www.weedbiocontrol.org/salvinia/index.html History of Salvinia Biocontrol]
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080129204834/http://salvinia.er.usgs.gov/html/s_molesta_updates.html US Biocontrol Timeline]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5201011}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cyrtobagous Salviniae}}
[[Category:Brachycerinae]]
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[[Category:Biological pest control beetles]]
[[Category:Insects used for control of invasive plants]]


==References==
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*Coombs, E. M., et al., Eds. (2004). ''Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States''. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 175.


[[Category:Curculionidae]]
{{Curculionidae-stub}}
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[[Category:Biological pest control agents]]
{{beetle-stub}}

Latest revision as of 01:00, 8 November 2020

Salvinia weevil
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Coleoptera
Family:
Curculionidae
Subfamily:
Erirhininae
Tribe:
Stenopelmini
Genus:
Cyrtobagous
Species:
C. salviniae
Binomial name
Cyrtobagous salviniae
Calder & Sands

Cyrtobagous salviniae is a species of weevil known as the salvinia weevil. It is used as an agent of biological pest control against the noxious aquatic plant giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta).

The adult weevil is about 2 millimeters long. It is brown in color during its first few days of adult life and soon turns shiny black. The female lays over 300 eggs one by one in the lower leaves and rhizomes of the salvinia plant. The larva is white in color and about 4 millimeters long. It burrows through rhizomes and feeds voraciously on new buds, warping and stunting the plant until it eventually sinks. The larva pupates underwater amongst the rhizomes of the plants in a cocoon it weaves from root hairs. Adults also feed on the buds and leaves of the plant, but do less damage than the larvae.

This weevil is native to South America. It has been introduced to areas where giant salvinia is a problem. Early experimental successes occurred in parts of Africa and southeast Asia, and the weevil is now established in the southeastern United States and parts of Australia, along with the moth S. multiplicalis, as biological control for invasive water weeds.[1] In many cases the weevil has cleared salvina infestations by 90% or more in under one year. Entire waterways have been unclogged by the weevil's feeding. It also feeds upon Salvinia minima, a related aquatic weed.[2]

It is similar to the closely related Cyrtobagous singularis, but the two weevil species have slightly different ecologies and C. singularis is generally an ineffective substitute for C. salviniae.

References[edit]

  1. ^ ""A summary of research into biological control of salvinia in Australia"" (PDF).
  2. ^ Parys, K. A.; Johnson, S. J. (2013). "Biological Control of Common Salvinia (Salvinia minima) in Louisiana using Cyrtobagous salviniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)". Florida Entomologist. 96 (1): 10–18. doi:10.1653/024.096.0102.
  • Coombs, E. M., et al., Eds. (2004). Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 175.

External links[edit]


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