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{{Short description|WW1 era inline-6 aircraft engine}} |
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{{AfC submission|t||ts=20240217103623|u=Stivushka|ns=118|demo=}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. -->{{short description|1910s British piston aircraft engine}} |
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin |
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin |
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| name = |
| name = Adriatic |
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| image = Galloway Adriatic.jpg |
| image = Galloway Adriatic.jpg |
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| caption = |
| caption = Galloway Adriatic |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Infobox Aircraft Engine |
{{Infobox Aircraft Engine |
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|type=Water-cooled [[Straight-six engine|inline- |
|type=Water-cooled [[Straight-six engine|inline-six]] [[Aircraft engine|aero engine]] |
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|national origin =[[United Kingdom]] |
|national origin =[[United Kingdom]] |
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|manufacturer=[[Beardmore Halford Pullinger|Galloway Engineering]] |
|manufacturer=[[Beardmore Halford Pullinger|Galloway Engineering]] |
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|first run=1916 |
|first run=1916 |
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|major applications=[[Airco DH4]] |
|major applications=[[Airco DH4]] |
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|number built= |
|number built=94 |
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|program cost= |
|program cost= |
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|unit cost= |
|unit cost= |
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|developed from=[[Beardmore 160 hp]] |
|developed from=[[Beardmore 160 hp]] |
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|developed into=[[ |
|developed into=[[Galloway Atlantic]] |
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|variants with their own articles= |
|variants with their own articles= |
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}} |
}} |
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|} |
|} |
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The '''Galloway Adriatic''' was a [[WW1]] era [[inline-6]] aircraft engine. In British military service the engine was known as the 230 |
The '''Galloway Adriatic''' was a [[WW1]] era [[inline-6|inline-six]] aircraft engine. In British military service the engine was known as the '''230 hp [[Beardmore Halford Pullinger|BHP]]''', a designation it shared with a version of the same engine built by [[Siddeley-Deasy]]. Although the Galloway and Siddeley-Deasy versions followed a similar design, they had different dimensions and few interchangeable parts.<ref name="RAFRef">{{Cite book |title=R.A.F Field Service Pocket Book |date=April 1918 |pages=10-11}}</ref><ref name="Lumsden">{{Cite book |last=Lumsden |first=Alec |title=British Piston Engines and their Aircraft |date=2002 |publisher=Airlife Publishing |isbn=1853102946 |pages=81-86 |language=en}}</ref> Siddeley-Deasy developed their version of the 230 hp BHP as the [[Siddeley Puma]].<ref name="GuyBlack">{{Cite book |last=Black |first=Guy |title=DH9: From Ruin to Restoration |date=2019 |publisher=Grub Street Publishing |isbn=9781911621836 |location=United Kingdom |chapter=Background History of the DH9 Aircraft}}</ref> |
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==Design and development== |
==Design and development== |
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[[Beardmore Halford Pullinger|Beardmore-Halford-Pullinger (BHP)]] were initially tasked with developing an aero-engine to compete with the latest German inline six-cylinder models. Although BHP's design was projected to produce {{cvt|300|hp|kW|0}} the engine's output came in below expectations. The original name given to engine was the 200 hp BHP. The engine's name was later changed to the 230 hp BHP to better reflect its actual output. Finally, the engine's name was changed to the Galloway Adriatic.<ref name="GuyBlack" /> |
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| ⚫ | The Adriatic's cylinders were constructed in groups of |
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| ⚫ | The Adriatic's cylinders were constructed in groups of three with each block being made from a single aluminum casting.<ref name="Lumsden" /><ref name="Eng1919">{{Cite journal |date=1 August 1919 |title=The “B.H.P” Aeroplane Engine |journal=Engineering |publication-place=United Kingdom |volume=108 |issue=2796 |pages=135-137}}</ref> The relatively large and intricate aluminum casting was challenging to produce which led to significant production delays.<ref name="Lumsden" /> |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | Three steel cylinder liners were screwed into a single iron casting which formed the head. A single steel stamping formed the cooling water jacket for groups of three cylinders.<ref name="AngleGal">{{cite book |last1=Angle |first1=Glenn D. |url=https://archive.org/details/airplaneenginee00anglgoog |title=Airplane Engine Encyclopedia |date=1921 |publisher=The Otterbein Press |location=Dayton, Ohio, USA |pages=207-210}}</ref> It is notable that the Siddeley Puma's cylinder heads and water jackets are made of aluminum.<ref name="Bruce">{{Cite book |last=Bruce |first=J.M |title=The de Havilland D.H.4 |last2=Noel |first2=Jean |date=1965 |publisher=Profile Publications |series=26 |location=United Kingdom |asin=B0007JXD8K}}</ref> |
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Each cylinder contained one large inlet valve and two smaller exhaust valves. This unusual three valve per cylinder design was common to both the Adriatic and Puma engines.<ref name="RAFRef" /> |
Each cylinder contained one large inlet valve and two smaller exhaust valves. This unusual three valve per cylinder design was common to both the Adriatic and Puma engines.<ref name="RAFRef" /> |
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The crankshaft was a hollow forging made of chrome-nickel steel supported by |
The crankshaft was a hollow forging made of chrome-nickel steel supported by eight bearings. Seven were [[plain bearing|plain bearings]] made of [[babbitt (alloy)|babbitt alloy]] encased in steel shells. The other bearing was a double thrust [[rolling-element bearing]] which took all the axial load from the propeller.<ref name="Eng1919" /> The camshaft was fitted in an aluminum housing running the entire length of the engine.<ref name="AngleGal" /> |
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Ignition system had 100% redundancy with |
Ignition system had 100% redundancy with two [[Spark plug|spark plugs]] per cylinder and two [[Magneto|magnetos]]. Cylinder firing order was 1,5,3,6,2,4.<ref name="Eng1919" /> |
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Some Adriatic engines were fitted with experimental [[Supercharger|superchargers]] designed by [[Harry Ricardo]].<ref name="Lumsden" /> |
Some Adriatic engines were fitted with experimental [[Supercharger|superchargers]] designed by [[Harry Ricardo]].<ref name="Lumsden" /> |
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The Adriatic was produced at Galloway’s [[Kirkcudbright]] facility near [[Dumfries]] in [[Scotland]]. Galloway Engineering were a [[subsidiary]] of [[William Beardmore and Company]] specifically setup to produce [[Beardmore Halford Pullinger]] (BHP) engines. Some parts for the engines were produced by [[Arrol-Johnston]] (another Beardmore subsidiary) in the town of [[Dumfries]].<ref name="Lumsden" /> |
The Adriatic was produced at Galloway’s [[Kirkcudbright]] facility near [[Dumfries]] in [[Scotland]]. Galloway Engineering were a [[subsidiary]] of [[William Beardmore and Company]] specifically setup to produce [[Beardmore Halford Pullinger]] (BHP) engines. Some parts for the engines were produced by [[Arrol-Johnston]] (another Beardmore subsidiary) in the town of [[Dumfries]].<ref name="Lumsden" /> |
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The Adriatic was one of a series of upright water-cooled inline aircraft engines produced by Beardmore and its subsidiary companies. Production of these engines had started in 1913 when Beardmore acquired the rights for licensed production of the [[Austro-Daimler 6]]. |
The Adriatic was one of a series of upright water-cooled inline aircraft engines produced by Beardmore and its subsidiary companies. Production of these engines had started in 1913 when Beardmore acquired the rights for licensed production of the [[Austro-Daimler 6]]. During the time the Adriatic was in production, Arrol-Johnson was producing the [[Beardmore 160 hp]]. Both the Galloway Adriatic and the Beardmore 160 hp were partly designed by [[Frank Halford]].<ref name="Lumsden" /> |
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In addition to the 92 engines Adriatic engine produced by Galloway, the firm also suppled components to [[Siddeley-Deasy]] for use in the more numerous Siddeley Puma.<ref name="Lumsden" /> |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | In addition to the 94 Adriatic engines produced by Galloway, the firm also supplied components to [[Siddeley-Deasy]].<ref name="Lumsden" /> At the end of WW1, the [[RAF]] had 89 Adriatic engines in service versus 3,255 built by Siddeley-Deasy. All of the Adriatic engines were fitted to aircraft based in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Bruce" /> |
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==Applications== |
==Applications== |
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*[[Airco DH4]] |
*[[Airco DH4]] |
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*[[Airco DH9]] |
*[[Airco DH9]] |
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*[[Avro 529]] |
*[[Avro 529]] |
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*[[Beardmore W.B.1]] |
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*[[Bristol F.2 Fighter]] |
*[[Bristol F.2 Fighter]] |
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*[[Airco DH.10]] |
*[[Airco DH.10]] |
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|type=Water–cooled, upright, |
|type=Water–cooled, upright, inline-6 piston engine |
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|ref=''Engineering''<ref name="Eng1919" /> and ''Lumsden''<ref name="Lumsden" /> |
|ref=''Engineering''<ref name="Eng1919" /> and ''Lumsden''<ref name="Lumsden" /> |
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|bore={{cvt|145|mm|in|2|order=flip}} |
|bore={{cvt|145|mm|in|2|order=flip}} |
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|height={{cvt|43.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} |
|height={{cvt|43.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} |
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|weight=Engine Only: {{cvt|605|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}. With radiator and cooling piping:{{cvt|767|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} |
|weight=Engine Only: {{cvt|605|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}. With radiator and cooling piping:{{cvt|767|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} |
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|valvetrain= |
|valvetrain=One intake + two exhaust valves per cylinder |
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|supercharger= |
|supercharger= |
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|turbocharger= |
|turbocharger= |
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|fueltype=[[Gasoline]] |
|fueltype=[[Gasoline]] |
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|oilsystem=[[Dry sump]]. [[Vacuum distillation|Vacuum distilled]] [[mineral oil]]. |
|oilsystem=[[Dry sump]]. [[Vacuum distillation|Vacuum distilled]] [[mineral oil]]. |
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|coolingsystem=Water-cooled. |
|coolingsystem=Water-cooled. One [[centrifugal pump]]. |
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|power={{cvt|240|hp|kW|0}} @ 1400 rpm |
|power={{cvt|240|hp|kW|0}} @ 1400 rpm |
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|specpower= |
|specpower= |
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|related= |
|related=*[[Siddeley Puma]] |
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<!-- aircraft that are of similar role, era, and capability this design: --> |
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<!-- For aircraft engine articles. Engines that are of similar to this design: --> |
<!-- For aircraft engine articles. Engines that are of similar to this design: --> |
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|similar engines= |
|similar engines= |
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*[[ |
*[[Austro-Daimler 6]] |
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*[[ |
*[[Benz Bz.III]] |
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*[[Hiero 6]] |
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*[[Mercedes D.IVa]] |
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}} |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Beardmore aeroengines}} |
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[[Category:1910s aircraft piston engines]] |
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[[Category:Beardmore aircraft engines|Adriatic / 230 hp BHP]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:02, 25 April 2024
| Adriatic | |
|---|---|
| |
| Galloway Adriatic | |
| Type | Water-cooled inline-six aero engine |
| National origin | United Kingdom |
| Manufacturer | Galloway Engineering |
| First run | 1916 |
| Major applications | Airco DH4 |
| Number built | 94 |
| Developed from | Beardmore 160 hp |
| Developed into | Galloway Atlantic |
The Galloway Adriatic was a WW1 era inline-six aircraft engine. In British military service the engine was known as the 230 hp BHP, a designation it shared with a version of the same engine built by Siddeley-Deasy. Although the Galloway and Siddeley-Deasy versions followed a similar design, they had different dimensions and few interchangeable parts.[1][2] Siddeley-Deasy developed their version of the 230 hp BHP as the Siddeley Puma.[3]
Design and development[edit]
Beardmore-Halford-Pullinger (BHP) were initially tasked with developing an aero-engine to compete with the latest German inline six-cylinder models. Although BHP's design was projected to produce 300 hp (224 kW) the engine's output came in below expectations. The original name given to engine was the 200 hp BHP. The engine's name was later changed to the 230 hp BHP to better reflect its actual output. Finally, the engine's name was changed to the Galloway Adriatic.[3]
The Adriatic's cylinders were constructed in groups of three with each block being made from a single aluminum casting.[2][4] The relatively large and intricate aluminum casting was challenging to produce which led to significant production delays.[2]
Three steel cylinder liners were screwed into a single iron casting which formed the head. A single steel stamping formed the cooling water jacket for groups of three cylinders.[5] It is notable that the Siddeley Puma's cylinder heads and water jackets are made of aluminum.[6]
Each cylinder contained one large inlet valve and two smaller exhaust valves. This unusual three valve per cylinder design was common to both the Adriatic and Puma engines.[1]
The crankshaft was a hollow forging made of chrome-nickel steel supported by eight bearings. Seven were plain bearings made of babbitt alloy encased in steel shells. The other bearing was a double thrust rolling-element bearing which took all the axial load from the propeller.[4] The camshaft was fitted in an aluminum housing running the entire length of the engine.[5]
Ignition system had 100% redundancy with two spark plugs per cylinder and two magnetos. Cylinder firing order was 1,5,3,6,2,4.[4]
Some Adriatic engines were fitted with experimental superchargers designed by Harry Ricardo.[2]
Production[edit]
The Adriatic was produced at Galloway’s Kirkcudbright facility near Dumfries in Scotland. Galloway Engineering were a subsidiary of William Beardmore and Company specifically setup to produce Beardmore Halford Pullinger (BHP) engines. Some parts for the engines were produced by Arrol-Johnston (another Beardmore subsidiary) in the town of Dumfries.[2]
The Adriatic was one of a series of upright water-cooled inline aircraft engines produced by Beardmore and its subsidiary companies. Production of these engines had started in 1913 when Beardmore acquired the rights for licensed production of the Austro-Daimler 6. During the time the Adriatic was in production, Arrol-Johnson was producing the Beardmore 160 hp. Both the Galloway Adriatic and the Beardmore 160 hp were partly designed by Frank Halford.[2]
In addition to the 94 Adriatic engines produced by Galloway, the firm also supplied components to Siddeley-Deasy.[2] At the end of WW1, the RAF had 89 Adriatic engines in service versus 3,255 built by Siddeley-Deasy. All of the Adriatic engines were fitted to aircraft based in the United Kingdom.[6]
Applications[edit]
Specifications[edit]
Data from Engineering[4] and Lumsden[2]
General characteristics
- Type: Water–cooled, upright, inline-6 piston engine
- Bore: 5.71 in (145 mm)
- Stroke: 7.48 in (190 mm)
- Displacement: 1,149.24 cu in (18.83 L)
- Length: 67.2 in (1,707 mm)
- Width: 18.7 in (475 mm)
- Height: 43.7 in (1,110 mm)
- Dry weight: Engine Only: 605 lb (274 kg). With radiator and cooling piping:767 lb (348 kg)
Components
- Valvetrain: One intake + two exhaust valves per cylinder
- Fuel system: Two Zenith carburettors mounted on the right side of the crankcase
- Fuel type: Gasoline
- Oil system: Dry sump. Vacuum distilled mineral oil.
- Cooling system: Water-cooled. One centrifugal pump.
- Reduction gear: None. Direct drive.
- Rotation: Counterclockwise when looking end on at the propeller hub
Performance
- Power output: 240 hp (179 kW) @ 1400 rpm
- Compression ratio: 4.96:1
- Fuel consumption: 17.5 imp gal/h (80 L/h)
- Oil consumption: 7 imp pt/h (4 L/h)
See also[edit]
Related development
Comparable engines
Related lists
References[edit]
- ^ a b R.A.F Field Service Pocket Book. April 1918. pp. 10–11.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Lumsden, Alec (2002). British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Airlife Publishing. pp. 81–86. ISBN 1853102946.
- ^ a b Black, Guy (2019). "Background History of the DH9 Aircraft". DH9: From Ruin to Restoration. United Kingdom: Grub Street Publishing. ISBN 9781911621836.
- ^ a b c d "The "B.H.P" Aeroplane Engine". Engineering. 108 (2796). United Kingdom: 135–137. 1 August 1919.
- ^ a b Angle, Glenn D. (1921). Airplane Engine Encyclopedia. Dayton, Ohio, USA: The Otterbein Press. pp. 207–210.
- ^ a b Bruce, J.M; Noel, Jean (1965). The de Havilland D.H.4. 26. United Kingdom: Profile Publications. ASIN B0007JXD8K.