Parnassiinae: Difference between revisions

Parnassiinae
	Small Apollo (Parnassius phoebus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Subfamily:	Parnassiinae
Tribes
	See text

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Latest revision as of 10:28, 12 January 2023

The Parnassiinae or snow Apollos are a subfamily of the swallowtail butterfly family, Papilionidae. The subfamily includes about 50 medium-sized, white or yellow species.^[1] The snow Apollos are high-altitude butterflies and are distributed across Asia, Europe and North America.^[2]

Tribes[edit]

Parnassinae

Parnassiini

	Hypermnestra

	Parnassius

Luehdorfiini

	Archon

	Doritites bosniackii

Luehdorfia

Zerythiini

Sericinus

Bhutanitis

	Zerynthia

	Allancastria

? Thaites

A proposed phylogeny of the Parnassius and related groups.^[3]

This subfamily consists of the following tribes:

Gallery[edit]

Hypermnestra helios
tribe Parnassiini
Mountain Apollo
(Parnassius apollo)
tribe Parnassiini
Clouded Apollo
(Parnassius mnemosyne)
tribe Parnassiini
False Apollo
(Archon apollinus)
tribe Luehdorfiini
Japanese luehdorfia
(Luehdorfia japonica)
tribe Luehdorfiini
Southern festoon
(Zerynthia polyxena)
tribe Zerythiini
Eastern festoon
(Allancastria cerisyi)
tribe Zerythiini
Bhutan glory
(Bhutanitis lidderdalii)
tribe Zerythiini

References[edit]

^ The Butterflies of North America, James A. Scott, ISBN 0-8047-1205-0, 1986
^ Ackery PR (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 31, 4 pdf
^ Nazari, V., Zakharov, E.V., and Sperling, F.A.H., 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 131-156. pdf Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

External links[edit]

[1] The Butterflies of North America, James A. Scott, ISBN 0-8047-1205-0, 1986

[2] Ackery PR (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 31, 4 pdf

[3] Nazari, V., Zakharov, E.V., and Sperling, F.A.H., 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 131-156. pdf Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Subfamily of butterflies}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{Automatic_taxobox
-| name = Parnassiinae
 | image = Parnassius_pheobus.jpg
-| image_caption = Small Apollo ''Parnassius phoebus''
+| image_caption = Small Apollo (''[[Parnassius phoebus]]'')
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
+| taxon = Parnassiinae
-| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
-| classis = [[Insect]]a
-| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
-| familia = [[Swallowtail Butterfly|Papilionidae]]
-| subfamilia = '''Parnassiinae'''
 | subdivision_ranks = Tribes
-| subdivision =
+| subdivision = See text
-*[[Luehdorfiini]]
-*[[Parnassiini]]
-*Zerythiini
 }}
-The '''Parnassiinae''' or '''Snow Apollos''' are a subfamily of the [[Papilionidae]] or [[Swallowtail butterfly|Swallowtail]] family. The subfamily includes about 50 medium sized, white or yellow species.<ref>''The Butterflies of North America'', James A. Scott, ISBN 0-8047-1205-0, 1986</ref>  The Snow Apollos are high altitude butterflies and are distributed across [[Asia]], [[Europe]] and [[North America]].<ref>Ackery PR (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 31, 4 [http://www.rhopalocera.com/Ackery1975.pdf PDF]</ref>
+The '''Parnassiinae''' or '''snow Apollos''' are a subfamily of the swallowtail butterfly family, [[Papilionidae]].
-The tribes recognized in the Parnassinae are [[Parnassiini]], [[Zerynthiini]] and the [[Luehdorfiini]].
+The subfamily includes about 50 medium-sized, white or yellow species.<ref>''The Butterflies of North America'', James A. Scott, {{ISBN|0-8047-1205-0}}, 1986</ref>  The snow Apollos are high-altitude butterflies and are distributed across [[Asia]], [[Europe]] and [[North America]].<ref>Ackery PR (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). ''Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist.'' (Ent.) 31, 4 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19631#page/112/mode/2up pdf]</ref>
-==Gallery==
+==Tribes==
+{{Cladogram
-Subfamily : '''Parnassiinae'''.
+|caption=A proposed phylogeny of the ''Parnassius'' and related groups.<ref>Nazari, V., Zakharov, E.V., and Sperling, F.A.H., 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 131-156. [http://www.uoguelph.ca/~vnazari/Nazari_et_al_2006_MP_E.pdf pdf] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606231126/http://www.uoguelph.ca/~vnazari/Nazari_et_al_2006_MP_E.pdf |date=June 6, 2011 }}</ref>
-<gallery>
+|clades={{Clade | style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
-File:Hypermnestrahelios (2) cropped.jpg|''[[Hypermnestra helios]]'',<br/> tribe Parnassiini.</center>
-File:Apollo butterfly.JPG|<center>[[Apollo (butterfly)|Mountain Apollo]]<br/> (Parnassius apollo),<br/> tribe Parnassiini.</center>
-File:Parnassius mnemosyne2.JPG|<center>[[Clouded Apollo]]<br/> (Parnassius mnemosyne),<br/> tribe Parnassiini.</center>
-File:Archon_apollinus_bellargus_1.jpg|<center>False Apollo<br/> ([[Archon apollinus]]),<br/> tribe Luehdorfiini.</center>
-File:Gifu butterfly Luehdorfia japonica cropped.jpg|<center>Japanese Luehdorfia<br/> ([[Luehdorfia japonica]]),<br/> tribe Luehdorfiini.</center>
-File:DianeJLH.jpg|<center>Southern Festoon<br/> ([[Zerynthia polyxena]]),<br/> tribe Zerythiini.</center>
-File:Allancastria_cerisyi.jpg|<center>Eastern Festoon<br/> ([[Allancastria cerisyi]]),<br/> tribe Zerythiini.</center>
-File:BhutliddCRW_4351.jpg|<center>Bhutan Glory<br/> ([[Bhutanitis lidderdalii]]),<br/> tribe Zerythiini.</center>
-</gallery>
-{{userboxtop|toptext=&nbsp;}}
-{{Clade | style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
 	| label1=Parnassinae
 	| 1={{Clade
@@ Line 62: / Line 44: @@
 		}}
 }}
+}}
-<small>A proposed phylogeny of the ''Parnassius'' and related groups.</small><ref>Nazari, V., Zakharov, E.V., and Sperling, F.A.H., 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 131-156. [http://www.uoguelph.ca/~vnazari/Nazari_et_al_2006_MP_E.pdf pdf]</ref>
-{{userboxbottom}}
+This subfamily consists of the following tribes:
+* [[Luehdorfiini]]
+* [[Parnassiini]]
+* [[Zerynthiini]]
+==Gallery==
+<gallery>
+File:Hypermnestrahelios (2) cropped.jpg|{{center|''[[Hypermnestra helios]]''<br/>tribe Parnassiini}}
+File:Parnassius phoebus MHNT CUT 2013 3 6 Arvieux female dos.jpg|{{center|[[Apollo (butterfly)|Mountain Apollo]]<br/>(''Parnassius apollo'')<br/>tribe Parnassiini}}
+File:Parnassius mnemosyne2.JPG|{{center|[[Clouded Apollo]]<br/>(''Parnassius mnemosyne'')<br/>tribe Parnassiini}}
+File:Archon_apollinus_bellargus_1.jpg|{{center|False Apollo<br/>(''[[Archon apollinus]]'')<br/>tribe Luehdorfiini}}
+File:Luehdorfia japonica on ground.JPG|{{center|Japanese luehdorfia<br/>(''[[Luehdorfia japonica]]'')<br/>tribe Luehdorfiini}}
+File:DianeJLH.jpg|{{center|Southern festoon<br/>(''[[Zerynthia polyxena]]'')<br/>tribe Zerythiini}}
+File:Allancastria_cerisyi.jpg|{{center|Eastern festoon<br/>(''[[Allancastria cerisyi]]'')<br/>tribe Zerythiini}}
+File:BhutliddCRW_4351.jpg|{{center|Bhutan glory<br/>(''[[Bhutanitis lidderdalii]]'')<br/>tribe Zerythiini}}
+</gallery>
 ==References==
 <references/>
+==Further reading==
+* Glassberg, Jeffrey ''Butterflies through Binoculars, The West'' (2001)
+* Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. ''Butterflies of British Columbia'' (2001)
+* James, David G. and Nunnallee, David ''Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies'' (2011)
+* Pelham, Jonathan ''Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada'' (2008)
+* Pyle, Robert Michael ''The Butterflies of Cascadia'' (2002)
 ==External links==
+{{Commons category}}
-*[http://tolweb.org/Parnassiinae/65387 Tree of Life Parnassiinae]
+{{Wikispecies}}
-*[http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=84659 Fauna Europaea]
-*[http://www.goliathus.cz/en/museum-parnassidae-30.html Parnassius gallery]
+* [http://tolweb.org/Parnassiinae/65387 Tree of Life Parnassiinae]
-[[Category:Papilionidae]]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071001090846/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=84659 Fauna Europaea]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061217023523/http://www.goliathus.cz/en/museum-parnassidae-30.html ''Parnassius'' gallery]
+* [http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/ Butterflies and Moths of North America]
+* [http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/ Butterflies of America]
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q773859}}
-{{Papilionidae-stub}}
+[[Category:Papilionidae]]
+[[Category:Butterfly subfamilies]]
-[[es:Parnassiinae]]
-[[fr:Parnassiinae]]
-[[fy:Apolloflinters]]
-[[it:Parnassiinae]]
-[[hu:Apollóformák]]
-[[nl:Parnassiinae]]
-[[ja:ウスバアゲハ亜科]]
-[[no:Parnassiinae]]
-[[ru:Parnassiinae]]
-[[simple:Parnassiinae]]
-[[sk:Jasone]]

Latest revision as of 10:28, 12 January 2023

Tribes[edit]

Gallery[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]