Renier van Tzum: Difference between revisions
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'''Renier van Tzum''' ([[Tzum]], ca. 1600 -- [[IJlst]], September 21, 1670), also known as '''Tzom''' or '''Reijnjer van't Zum''',<ref>[http://uchiyama.nl/ngvocopperhoofden.htm ''Opperhoofden in dienst van de VOC op Hirado en Deshima'' at Uchiyama.nl]; retrieved 2013-2-6.</ref> was a merchant/trader and official of the [[Dutch East India Company]] (''Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie'' or VOC).<ref name="shiryo">Historigraphical Institute (''Shiryō hensan-jo''), University of Tokyo, [http://www.hi.u-tokyo.ac.jp/tokushu/kaigai/Diaries/Volumes/E41071C3-553F-49FA-B5A0-E145FA27F0F4.html "24 November 1644-27 October 1646 (Volume Nine)"]; retrieved 2013-2-6.</ref> |
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'''Reinier van Tzum''' or Tzom, sometimes '''Reijnjer van't Zum''', ([[Tzum]], ca. 1600 -- [[IJlst]], September 21, 1670) worked for the [[Dutch East India Company]] and served in [[Siam]], and as ''[[VOC Opperhoofden in Japan|Opperhoofd]]'' ([[Chief factor]]) at [[Dejima]]. |
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==Early |
==Early life== |
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Van Tzum was born in the Frisian village [[Tzum]] or Tzom. He was the son of Marten Jansz, a captain in the [[Admiralty of Friesland]].{{fact}} |
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==Career== |
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==Visit to the Shogun== |
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Van Tzum began working for the VOC in 1629.{{fact}} |
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===Siam=== |
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Van Tzum was sent to [[Siam]] in 1629.{{fact}} |
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| ⚫ | In 1643 he was appointed [[chief factor]]. He collaborated with [[Johan van Twist]] in [[Dutch Malacca]], [[François Caron]] in [[Formosa]], and the factors in Persia and at the [[Coromandel Coast]].<!-- Is this cite useful? meaningful? reliable? Not really ... <ref>[http://www.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/limedio/dlam/B12/B1241185/1/vol02/txt/batavia.txt Tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp]</ref> --> {{fact}} |
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===Japan=== |
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{{See also|Dutch missions to Edo}} |
{{See also|Dutch missions to Edo}} |
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Van Tzum as the VOC ''[[opperhoofd]]'' or [[chief factor]] in [[Japan]] starting 24 November 1644 and ending 27 October 1646<ref name="shiryo"/> |
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Van Tzum departed from Nagasaki on December 31, on a ship with six fellow Dutchmen. They reached [[Edo]] on February 7. As presents Van Tzum handed over [[Spectacles]], [[magnifying glass]]es, [[optical lens]]es, also ones that could be used in a [[darkroom]], and medicines. On February 12 he met with [[Inoue Masashige]], the spin doctor from Nagasaki. Their discussion centered on the ''Nambu affair'' of 1643, when the skipper [[Hendrick Cornelisz Schaep]] and nine members of the crew of the ''Breskens'' were captured in [[Yamada, Iwate|Yamada]] in [[Iwate Prefecture]]. |
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During his time as head of the Dutch traders, he travelled to Edo. He departed from Nagasaki on December 31, on a ship with six fellow Dutchmen. They reached [[Edo]] on February 7. |
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As presents Van Tzum handed over [[Spectacles]], [[magnifying glass]]es, [[optical lens]]es, also ones that could be used in a [[darkroom]], and medicines. On February 12 he met with [[Inoue Masashige]].{{fact}} |
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{{cquote|''The Breskens and her sister ship the Castricum (under [[Maarten Gerritsz Vries]]) had been sent by order of the [[Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies|Governor General]] in the Dutch East Indies, [[Antony van Diemen|Anthonio van Diemen]], to search for the Gold and Silver Islands that were said to lie somewhere northeast off the coast of Japan. They were also to investigate a route to northern Asia. In June 1643 the Breskens, which had been separated from the Castricum in a storm, entered the bay of Yamada in Nanbu domain in the northeast of [[Honshu]]. While searching for fresh water and food, ten crewmembers under Captain Schaep were apprehended and brought to the domain capital of [[Morioka]]. They were later sent to Edo.'' |
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| ⚫ | <!-- Is this a good level of detail for this article? Not really ... Their discussion centered on the ''Nambu affair'' of 1643, when the skipper [[Hendrick Cornelisz Schaep]] and nine members of the crew of the ''Breskens'' were captured in [[Yamada, Iwate|Yamada]] in [[Iwate Prefecture]].<ref>Hesselink, R.H. (2002) Prisoners from Nambu. [http://books.google.com/books?id=i5tHgje3_i8C&dq=Hesselink,+R.H.+Prisoners+from+Nambu&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=J_9wkiiGzc&sig=2FjVNIlxiF4hpr6NjhTkBnuSUgg&hl=en&ei=L4zhSeOlINXN-QbvyaiBCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#PPA134,M1 Google books]</ref> |
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<blockquote>The Breskens and her sister ship the Castricum (under [[Maarten Gerritsz Vries]]) had been sent by order of the [[Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies|Governor General]] in the Dutch East Indies, [[Antony van Diemen|Anthonio van Diemen]], to search for the Gold and Silver Islands that were said to lie somewhere northeast off the coast of Japan. They were also to investigate a route to northern Asia. In June 1643 the Breskens, which had been separated from the Castricum in a storm, entered the bay of Yamada in Nanbu domain in the northeast of [[Honshu]]. While searching for fresh water and food, ten crew members under Captain Schaep were apprehended and brought to the domain capital of [[Morioka]]. They were later sent to Edo.<p>Unhappily for the Breskens’ crew, a group of four [[Jesuits]] intent on infiltrating into Japan had been caught at around the same time in a different part of Japan. As a result, bakufu officials were extremely anxious about the problem of coastal defenses. However after it was understood that the crew were Dutch and not Catholics, bakufu fears were calmed and the problem to be solved became one of deciding by which procedure the Dutch should be released.<ref>''Shiryō,'' [http://www.hi.u-tokyo.ac.jp/tokushu/kaigai/Diaries/Volumes/D28C7BE5-C146-42F2-9FD9-0C729B86BA2D.html "8 November 1643-24 November 1644 (Volume Eight)"]; retrieved 2013-2-6.</ref></blockquote> --> |
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In Edo, Van Tzum was asked if he had come to Edo with gifts to thank the [[shogun]] for the release of the Dutch prisoners or if he had come to pay his respects in the usual manner.<ref>Hesselink, Reiner H. (2002). [http://books.google.com/books?id=i5tHgje3_i8C&pg=PA134&dq= ''Prisoners from Nambu: Reality and Make-Believe in Seventeenth-Century Japanese Diplomacy,'' pp. 134].</ref> Van Tzum answered that he had come to do both, but this answer did not satisfy the [[bakufu]]. On March 8, Inoue informed van Tzum that the Dutch did not appear to adequately value the release of the Dutch prisoners.<ref name="shiryo"/> |
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| ⚫ | Upon his return to Nagasaki, the chief factor was informed by the interpreters that [[Nanking]] had been occupied by the [[Ching Dynasty]] and that [[Ikkan]] had sent a request for military support to the bakufu. Two junks arrived in Nagasaki from Nanking. The crew members of these junks had been forced to wear pigtails. The bakufu prohibited any dealings with ships from Nanking.{{fact}} |
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| ⚫ | Van Tzum handed over the factory to his successor, Verstegen, on October 7, 1646. Three weeks later he left Japan. In January 1747 he left Batavia on the ''Haerlem''. The ship was lost in storm near [[Table Bay]] in March. Sixty men settled for one year on the mainland, but Van Tzum had sailed back earlier on one of the other two ships. Back in Europe he settled in [[Cornjum]] where he married in 1648.{{fat}} |
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| ⚫ | Upon his return to Nagasaki, the chief factor was informed by the interpreters that [[Nanking]] had been occupied by the [[Ching Dynasty]] and that [[Ikkan]] had sent a request for military support to the bakufu. Two junks arrived in Nagasaki from Nanking. The crew members of these junks had been forced to wear pigtails. |
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| ⚫ | Van Tzum handed over the factory to his successor, Verstegen, on October 7, 1646. Three weeks later he left Japan. In January 1747 he left Batavia on the ''Haerlem''. The ship was lost in storm near [[Table Bay]] in March. Sixty men settled for one year on the mainland, but Van Tzum had sailed back earlier on one of the other two ships. Back in Europe he settled in [[Cornjum]] where he married in 1648. |
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In 1654 he moved to [[IJlst]] and became a member of the [[vroedschap]]. He was appointed [[burgomaster]], deputee to the States of Friesland and in a board, checking the provincial finances.{{fact}} |
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== See also == |
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* [[VOC Opperhoofden in Japan]] |
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==References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==Furher reading== |
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* Cannegieter, D. (1904) Reynier van Tzum, een levensschets. Franeker. |
* Cannegieter, D. (1904) ''Reynier van Tzum, een levensschets''. Franeker. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://home.planet.nl/~eljee/J.htm#Japan Home.planet.nl] |
* [http://home.planet.nl/~eljee/J.htm#Japan Home.planet.nl] |
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* [http://www.scholieren.com/werkstukken/369 Scholieren.com] |
<!-- Is this a reliable source? Not really? ... * [http://www.scholieren.com/werkstukken/369 Scholieren.com] --> |
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* [http://uchiyama.nl/ngvoc3.htm Uchiyama.nl] |
* [http://uchiyama.nl/ngvoc3.htm Uchiyama.nl] |
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{{s-start}} |
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{{s-off}} |
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{{succession box |
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|before= --- |
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|title=[[VOC Opperhoofden in Siam]] |
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|after= --- |
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|years= 1643-1644}} |
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{{succession box |
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|before=[[Pieter Overtwater]] |
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|title=[[VOC Opperhoofden in Japan|VOC Opperhoofd at Dejima]] |
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|after=[[Willem Verstegen]] |
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|years= 1645-1646}} |
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{{s-end}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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Revision as of 17:27, 6 February 2013
Renier van Tzum (Tzum, ca. 1600 -- IJlst, September 21, 1670), also known as Tzom or Reijnjer van't Zum,[1] was a merchant/trader and official of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC).[2]
Early life
Van Tzum was born in the Frisian village Tzum or Tzom. He was the son of Marten Jansz, a captain in the Admiralty of Friesland.[citation needed]
Career
Van Tzum began working for the VOC in 1629.[citation needed]
Siam
Van Tzum was sent to Siam in 1629.[citation needed]
In 1643 he was appointed chief factor. He collaborated with Johan van Twist in Dutch Malacca, François Caron in Formosa, and the factors in Persia and at the Coromandel Coast. [citation needed]
Japan
Van Tzum as the VOC opperhoofd or chief factor in Japan starting 24 November 1644 and ending 27 October 1646[2]
During his time as head of the Dutch traders, he travelled to Edo. He departed from Nagasaki on December 31, on a ship with six fellow Dutchmen. They reached Edo on February 7.
As presents Van Tzum handed over Spectacles, magnifying glasses, optical lenses, also ones that could be used in a darkroom, and medicines. On February 12 he met with Inoue Masashige.[citation needed]
In Edo, Van Tzum was asked if he had come to Edo with gifts to thank the shogun for the release of the Dutch prisoners or if he had come to pay his respects in the usual manner.[3] Van Tzum answered that he had come to do both, but this answer did not satisfy the bakufu. On March 8, Inoue informed van Tzum that the Dutch did not appear to adequately value the release of the Dutch prisoners.[2]
Upon his return to Nagasaki, the chief factor was informed by the interpreters that Nanking had been occupied by the Ching Dynasty and that Ikkan had sent a request for military support to the bakufu. Two junks arrived in Nagasaki from Nanking. The crew members of these junks had been forced to wear pigtails. The bakufu prohibited any dealings with ships from Nanking.[citation needed]
Van Tzum handed over the factory to his successor, Verstegen, on October 7, 1646. Three weeks later he left Japan. In January 1747 he left Batavia on the Haerlem. The ship was lost in storm near Table Bay in March. Sixty men settled for one year on the mainland, but Van Tzum had sailed back earlier on one of the other two ships. Back in Europe he settled in Cornjum where he married in 1648.Template:Fat
In 1654 he moved to IJlst and became a member of the vroedschap. He was appointed burgomaster, deputee to the States of Friesland and in a board, checking the provincial finances.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ Opperhoofden in dienst van de VOC op Hirado en Deshima at Uchiyama.nl; retrieved 2013-2-6.
- ^ a b c Historigraphical Institute (Shiryō hensan-jo), University of Tokyo, "24 November 1644-27 October 1646 (Volume Nine)"; retrieved 2013-2-6.
- ^ Hesselink, Reiner H. (2002). Prisoners from Nambu: Reality and Make-Believe in Seventeenth-Century Japanese Diplomacy, pp. 134.
Furher reading
- Cannegieter, D. (1904) Reynier van Tzum, een levensschets. Franeker.
- Roarda, R.S. (1961) De East-Ynjeske Opperkeapman Reijnier van Tzum. In nije samling oer libben en wurk fan in apart man út de 17e ieu