Vulcanoctopus: Difference between revisions
Rebeccar44 (talk | contribs) m fixed citation |
m v2.05b - Bot T20 CW#61 - Fix errors for CW project (Reference before punctuation) |
||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
==Prey== |
==Prey== |
||
Its confirmed prey consist of the [[amphipod]] ''[[Halice hesmonectes]]'' and crabs, which are thought to be one of their primary food sources.<ref name=deepseanews1 /> At 2620 meters depth, the HOV Alvin has captured video evidence of ''Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis'' wrapping their arms around these bathypelagic amphipods. Specifically, they coordinate their arms in a starburst pattern to form a water-filled web and engulf their prey. Considering the fact that this predator-prey relationship has been predominantly observed around the hydrothermal vent site in the East Pacific Rise, researchers propose that sulphide spires located along the hydrothermal vent may serve as a benefit to ''Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis'' predatory behavior. The current hypothesis is that the spires enable the octopuses to effectively grip onto this section of the vent and gain access to the dense aggregations of their prey<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Voight |first=Janet R. |date=2005 |title=Hydrothermal vent octopuses of Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis, feed on bathypelagic amphipods of Halice hesmonectes |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-marine-biological-association-of-the-united-kingdom/article/abs/hydrothermal-vent-octopuses-of-vulcanoctopus-hydrothermalis-feed-on-bathypelagic-amphipods-of-halice-hesmonectes/D99EF5C3157D93B8B0F838596A9CED53 |journal=Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom |language=en |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=985–988 |doi=10.1017/S0025315405011999 |issn=1469-7769 |via=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> |
Its confirmed prey consist of the [[amphipod]] ''[[Halice hesmonectes]]'' and crabs, which are thought to be one of their primary food sources.<ref name=deepseanews1 /> At 2620 meters depth, the HOV Alvin has captured video evidence of ''Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis'' wrapping their arms around these bathypelagic amphipods. Specifically, they coordinate their arms in a starburst pattern to form a water-filled web and engulf their prey. Considering the fact that this predator-prey relationship has been predominantly observed around the hydrothermal vent site in the East Pacific Rise, researchers propose that sulphide spires located along the hydrothermal vent may serve as a benefit to ''Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis'' predatory behavior. The current hypothesis is that the spires enable the octopuses to effectively grip onto this section of the vent and gain access to the dense aggregations of their prey.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Voight |first=Janet R. |date=2005 |title=Hydrothermal vent octopuses of Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis, feed on bathypelagic amphipods of Halice hesmonectes |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-marine-biological-association-of-the-united-kingdom/article/abs/hydrothermal-vent-octopuses-of-vulcanoctopus-hydrothermalis-feed-on-bathypelagic-amphipods-of-halice-hesmonectes/D99EF5C3157D93B8B0F838596A9CED53 |journal=Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom |language=en |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=985–988 |doi=10.1017/S0025315405011999 |issn=1469-7769 |via=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> |
||
==References== |
==References== |
||
Revision as of 10:25, 9 March 2024
| Vulcanoctopus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Octopoda |
| Family: | Enteroctopodidae |
| Genus: | Vulcanoctopus González & Guerra, 1998 |
| Species: | V. hydrothermalis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis González & Guerra, 1998
| |
Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis is a small benthic octopus endemic to hydrothermal vents.[1]
It is the only known species of the genus Vulcanoctopus.
Habitat
Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis lives along the East Pacific Rise, the border of the Pacific, Cocos, and Nazca Plates. It is often found near colonies of giant tube worms.[2] Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis inhabits hydrothermal vents. These environments are very hostile, as hot water rises through 10m vents, releasing a black 'cloud' of metal sulphides.[2]
Description
The morphology of V. hydrothermalis shows some unusual traits for an octopus, due to adaptations selected for in the deep sea, such as the lack of an ink sac. Its dorsal arms are longer than the ventral arms. These feature biserial suckers. Overall, it has a mean total length of 184 mm (7.2 in).[3]
Behavior
The ratio of recovered individuals is skewed towards males, indicating fewer females or spatial segregation by sex. Its primary defense reaction is to freeze in place, then if needed, the secondary defense involves pushing away from the bottom then drifting back down. V. hydrothermalis uses its front arms (I dorsal and II dorsolateral) for feeling its way around and detecting and catching prey, while the back arms (III ventrolateral and IV ventral) support its weight and move the octopus forward. This species has not been observed to use jet propulsion.[4]
Prey
Its confirmed prey consist of the amphipod Halice hesmonectes and crabs, which are thought to be one of their primary food sources.[1] At 2620 meters depth, the HOV Alvin has captured video evidence of Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis wrapping their arms around these bathypelagic amphipods. Specifically, they coordinate their arms in a starburst pattern to form a water-filled web and engulf their prey. Considering the fact that this predator-prey relationship has been predominantly observed around the hydrothermal vent site in the East Pacific Rise, researchers propose that sulphide spires located along the hydrothermal vent may serve as a benefit to Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis predatory behavior. The current hypothesis is that the spires enable the octopuses to effectively grip onto this section of the vent and gain access to the dense aggregations of their prey.[5]
References
- ^ a b CR McClain (11 April 2007). "From The Desk of Zelnio: Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis". Deep Sea News. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
- ^ a b González, A. F., A. Guerra, S. Pascual and P. Briand. (1998). Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis gen. Et sp. nov. (Mollusca, Cephalopoda): an octopod from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent site. Cah. Biol. Mar. 39: 169–184.
- ^ Gonzalez, A. F.; Guerra, A.; Rocha, F.; Briand, P. "Morphological variation in males of Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis (Mollusca, Cephalopoda)" (PDF). Bulletin of marine science.
- ^ Rocha, F.; Gonzalez, A. F.; Segonzac, M.; Guerra, A. (2002). "Behavioural observations of the cephalopod Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis" (PDF). Cah. Biol. Mar. pp. 299–302. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
- ^ Voight, Janet R. (2005). "Hydrothermal vent octopuses of Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis, feed on bathypelagic amphipods of Halice hesmonectes". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 85 (4): 985–988. doi:10.1017/S0025315405011999. ISSN 1469-7769 – via Cambridge University Press.
Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, ~~~~
External links
- Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis at Encyclopedia of Life (pictures)