Tomarctus: Difference between revisions
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* †''T. hippophaga '' |
* †''T. hippophaga '' |
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'''''Tomarctus''''' ("cutting bear") is an extinct genus of canine which inhabited most of [[North America]] during the |
'''''Tomarctus''''' ("cutting bear") is an extinct genus of canine which inhabited most of [[North America]] during the late [[Hemingfordian|Late Hemingfordian]] stage (23 [[Mya (unit)|Mya]]) to the [[Barstovian|Early Barstovian]] age of the [[Early Miocene]] to [[Middle Miocene]] (16 Mya). |
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''Tomarctus'' is derived from the ''[[Nothocyon]]'' and gave rise to ''[[Borophaginae]]'', a short-face, heavy-jawed canine usually massive in size. ''Tomarctus'' shared its period of time with a variety of [[bear dog]]s like the giant [[mustelid]] genus of bone-crushing canidae. As the bear dogs and giant mustelids became extinct, ''Tomarctus'' further radiated to fill a line of |
''Tomarctus'' is derived from the ''[[Nothocyon]]'' and gave rise to ''[[Borophaginae]]'', a short-face, heavy-jawed canine usually massive in size. ''Tomarctus'' shared its period of time with a variety of [[bear dog]]s like the giant [[mustelid]] genus of bone-crushing canidae, ''[[Cynarctoides]]''. As the bear dogs and giant mustelids became extinct, ''Tomarctus'' further radiated to fill a line of [[dog]]s which filled the fruit eating and bone-crushing [[hyena]]-like, large bone-crushing niches. |
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==Species within== |
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Species within ''Tomarctus'' are: |
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* '''''Tomarctus brevirostris''''' (synomymous ''Aelurodon francisi'') was named by [[Edward Drinker Cope]] in 1873 as a [[genotype]]. It was found in [[Courthouse Butte]], a Hemingfordian terrestrial horizon in the [[Pawnee Creek Formation]] of Colorado. Specimens have been found as far west as present day [[California]] and as far south as the [[Panama Isthmus]] (present day). |
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Species within ''Tomarctus'' are ''T. brevirostris'' (synomymous ''Aelurodon francisi'', ''Aelurodon simulans''), ''T. hippophaga''. |
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*'''''Tomarctus hippophaga''''' was named by Matthew and Cook (1909). Its type locality is [[Trojan Quarry]], which is in a Hemingfordian terrestrial horizon in the [[Olcott Formation]] of Nebraska. Specimens have been found as far west as California and as far north as the [[Montana]]/[[Alberta, Canada]] line. |
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==Sister genus== |
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A sister genus, ''[[Aelurodontina]]'' was originally named ''Aelurodon'' by [[Joseph Leidy]] in 1858. Leidy placed it within ''Canidae'' and J. A. Baskin in 1980 and R.L. Carroll in 1988. The genus was renamed ''Aelurodontina'' in 1999 by [[Xiaoming Wang]]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 14:15, 19 July 2009
| Tomarctus Temporal range: early to middle Miocene
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| Tomarctus temerarius skull | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| Genus: | †Tomarctus Cope, 1873
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| Type species | |
| †Tomarctus brevirostris | |
| Species[1] | |
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Tomarctus ("cutting bear") is an extinct genus of canine which inhabited most of North America during the late Late Hemingfordian stage (23 Mya) to the Early Barstovian age of the Early Miocene to Middle Miocene (16 Mya).
Tomarctus is derived from the Nothocyon and gave rise to Borophaginae, a short-face, heavy-jawed canine usually massive in size. Tomarctus shared its period of time with a variety of bear dogs like the giant mustelid genus of bone-crushing canidae, Cynarctoides. As the bear dogs and giant mustelids became extinct, Tomarctus further radiated to fill a line of dogs which filled the fruit eating and bone-crushing hyena-like, large bone-crushing niches.
Species within
Species within Tomarctus are:
- Tomarctus brevirostris (synomymous Aelurodon francisi) was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1873 as a genotype. It was found in Courthouse Butte, a Hemingfordian terrestrial horizon in the Pawnee Creek Formation of Colorado. Specimens have been found as far west as present day California and as far south as the Panama Isthmus (present day).
- Tomarctus hippophaga was named by Matthew and Cook (1909). Its type locality is Trojan Quarry, which is in a Hemingfordian terrestrial horizon in the Olcott Formation of Nebraska. Specimens have been found as far west as California and as far north as the Montana/Alberta, Canada line.
Sister genus
A sister genus, Aelurodontina was originally named Aelurodon by Joseph Leidy in 1858. Leidy placed it within Canidae and J. A. Baskin in 1980 and R.L. Carroll in 1988. The genus was renamed Aelurodontina in 1999 by Xiaoming Wang.
References
- ^ Wang, Xiaoming (1999-11-17). "Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 243. Retrieved 2007-07-08.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)
- Martin, L.D. 1989. Fossil history of the terrestrial carnivora. Pages 536 - 568 in J.L. Gittleman, editor. Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, Vol. 1. Comstock Publishing Associates: Ithaca.
- Tedford, R.H. 1978. History of dogs and cats: A view from the fossil record. Pages 1 - 10 in Nutrition and Management of Dogs and Cats. Ralston Purina Co.: St. Louis.
- - Bio One Data Base - Tomarctus
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