Ulmus lanceifolia: Difference between revisions

Ulmus lanceifolia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Ulmaceae
Genus:	Ulmus
Species:	U. lanceifolia
Binomial name
	Ulmus lanceifolia; Roxburgh ex Wall.
Synonyms
	Ulmus hookeriana Planch.; Ulmus lancaeafolia Roxburgh & Wall.; Ulmus lancifolia Roxburgh; Ulmus tonkinensis Gagnep. (where found in China and Vietnam).;

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Ulmus lanceifolia Roxburgh, ex Wall. [2], occasionally known as the Vietnam Elm, is a very large tree native to a wide area of southern Asia extending southeast and eastwards from Darjeeling in the Himalaya, through Bangladesh, southern China, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and on discontinuously into Indonesia, straddling the Equator in Sumatra andCelebes.

Description

Ulmus lanceifolia can reach a maximum height of 45 m, placing it on a par with the English Elm, but with pendulous branches; the bark of the trunk exfoliates in thin scales. The leaves, borne on wing-less branchlets, are narrow, generally lanceolate, < 10 cm long by < 3.5 cm broad, and thick. The tree is deciduous in the north of its range, where it can occur at altitudes of up to 2500 m, but evergreen in the tropics. Given the latitudinal range, there is inevitably a substantial variation in its flowering time, beginning in October in the north, but advancing to February - March in the south. The obovate samarae are 12-30 mm long by 11-24 mm broad ^[1] ^[2].

Pests and diseases

U. lanceifolia was found to be among the least suitable elms for feeding and reproduction by the adult elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola ^[3] [3] and feeding by the Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica ^[4] [4] in the USA.

Cultivation

The species is not known to survive in Europe. There were plans to send cuttings from specimens growing at the U S National Arboretum in Washington, D.C. to the new Ulmatum in the Netherlands, however these trees appear to have succumbed to the American winter. Specimens introduced to the Netherlands by Heybroek in the 1960s did not prove hardy in the north European climate either.

Accessions

None known.

References

^ Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [1]
^ Melville, R. & Heybroek, H. M. (1971). The Elms of the Himalaya. Kew Bulletin Vol. 26 (1). Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, London.
^ Miller, F. and Ware, G. (2001). Resistance of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) to Feeding of the Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 94 (1): 162-166. 2001. Entom. Soc.of America.
^ Miller, F., Ware, G. and Jackson, J. (2001). Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) for the Feeding of the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 94 (2). pp 445-448. 2001. Entom. Soc.of America.

[Fu-1] Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [1]

[Melville-2] Melville, R. & Heybroek, H. M. (1971). The Elms of the Himalaya. Kew Bulletin Vol. 26 (1). Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, London.

[Miller,a-3] Miller, F. and Ware, G. (2001). Resistance of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) to Feeding of the Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 94 (1): 162-166. 2001. Entom. Soc.of America.

[Miller,b-4] Miller, F., Ware, G. and Jackson, J. (2001). Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) for the Feeding of the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 94 (2). pp 445-448. 2001. Entom. Soc.of America.

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@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 '''''Ulmus lanceifolia''''' <small>Roxburgh, ex Wall.</small> [http://www.plant.ac.cn/dan_tu/8/6856.htm], occasionally known as the '''Vietnam Elm''', is a very large tree native to a wide area of southern [[Asia]] extending southeast and eastwards from [[Darjeeling]] in the [[Himalaya]], through [[Bangladesh]], southern [[China]], [[Myanmar]] (formerly [[Burma]]), [[Thailand]], [[Laos]], [[Vietnam]] and on discontinuously into [[Indonesia]], straddling the [[Equator]] in [[Sumatra]] and[[Sulawesi|Celebes]].
 == Description ==
-''Ulmus lanceifolia'' can reach a maximum height of 45 m, placing it on a par with the [[English Elm]], but with pendulous branches; the bark of the trunk exfoliates in thin scales. The leaves, borne on wing-less branchlets, are narrow, generally [[leaf shape|lanceolate]], < 10&nbsp;cm long by < 3.5&nbsp;cm broad, and thick. The tree is [[deciduous]] in the north of its range, where it can occur at altitudes of up to 2500 m, but [[evergreen]] in the [[tropic]]s. Given the latitudinal range, there is inevitably a substantial variation in its flowering time, beginning in October in the north, but advancing to February - March in the south. The obovate [[Samara (fruit)|samarae]] are 12-30&nbsp;mm long by 11-24&nbsp;mm broad <ref name=Fu>Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf]</ref> <ref name=Melville>Melville, R. & Heybroek, H. M. (1971). The Elms of the Himalaya. ''Kew Bulletin'' Vol. 26 (1). Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, London.</ref>.
+''Ulmus lanceifolia'' can reach a maximum height of 45 m, placing it on a par with the [[English Elm]], but with pendulous branches; the bark of the trunk exfoliates in thin scales. The leaves, borne on wing-less branchlets, are narrow, generally [[leaf shape|lanceolate]], < 10&nbsp;cm long by < 3.5&nbsp;cm broad, and thick. The tree is [[deciduous]] in the north of its range, where it can occur at altitudes of up to 2500 m, but [[evergreen]] in the [[tropics]]. Given the latitudinal range, there is inevitably a substantial variation in its flowering time, beginning in October in the north, but advancing to February - March in the south. The obovate [[Samara (fruit)|samarae]] are 12-30&nbsp;mm long by 11-24&nbsp;mm broad <ref name=Fu>Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf]</ref> <ref name=Melville>Melville, R. & Heybroek, H. M. (1971). The Elms of the Himalaya. ''Kew Bulletin'' Vol. 26 (1). Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, London.</ref>.
 ==Pests and diseases==
 ''U. lanceifolia'' was found to be among the least suitable elms for feeding and reproduction by the adult elm leaf beetle ''[[Xanthogaleruca luteola]]'' <ref name=Miller,a>Miller, F. and Ware, G. (2001). Resistance of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) to Feeding of the Adult Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). ''Journal of Economic Entomology'' 94 (1): 162-166. 2001. Entom. Soc.of America.</ref> [http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1603/0022-0493%282001%29094%5B0162%3AROTCEU%5D2.0.CO%3B2] and feeding by the Japanese Beetle ''[[Popillia japonica]]'' <ref name=Miller,b>Miller, F., Ware, G. and Jackson, J. (2001). Preference of Temperate Chinese Elms (Ulmuss spp.) for the Feeding of the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). ''Journal of Economic Entomology'' 94 (2). pp 445-448. 2001. Entom. Soc.of America.</ref> [http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1603/0022-0493%282001%29094%5B0445%3APOTCEU%5D2.0.CO%3B2] in the [[USA]].