Roxburgh
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Roxburgh Scottish Gaelic Rosbrog |
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| Coordinates | 55 ° 34 ′ N , 2 ° 29 ′ W | ||
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| Post town | KELSO | ||
| ZIP code section | TD5 | ||
| prefix | 01573 | ||
| Part of the country | Scotland | ||
| Council area | Scottish Borders | ||
| British Parliament | Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk | ||
| Scottish Parliament | Ettrick, Roxburgh and Berwickshire | ||
Roxburgh ( Scottish Gaelic Rosbrog ) is the name of a village in the Scottish county of Roxburghshire , a few kilometers from Kelso and the border with England . Today it is part of Scottish Borders .
The historic town of Roxburgh, which was about two and a half kilometers northeast of the village, no longer exists today. During the Middle Ages, Roxburgh was one of the most important cities in the country, alongside Edinburgh , Stirling and Berwick-upon-Tweed . It was located on a peninsula between the Tweed and Teviot rivers in the center of the Lowlands and served as a defensive base against English invaders. The castle Roxburgh Castle guarded the narrowest part of the peninsula.
King David I raised Roxburgh to the rank of royal city ( Royal Burgh ) and granted the city the right to mint coins. At the height of prosperity, there were no fewer than five mints here. The city had three churches, a castle, a royal residence , several schools and public buildings, several markets and also a monastery. Roxburgh was a trading center, not only regionally but also internationally. Bankers from Italy and traders from all over Europe came here to trade in wool and leather.
The city was repeatedly conquered and recaptured by English and Scottish troops between the 13th and 15th centuries, particularly between 1296 and 1318 during the Scottish Wars of Independence . In 1460, the Scots finally destroyed the castle. During this campaign, King James II died when a cannon exploded right next to him. After Berwick-upon-Tweed was finally conquered by the English in 1482, Roxburgh lost its access to the sea and thus to the European markets. The few remaining residents left the city and moved to nearby Kelso. Roxburgh disintegrated within a few years; today only a few ruins remain. The name passed to the significantly smaller village.
