Roxburgh Castle
| Roxburgh Castle | ||
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 Ruins of Roxburgh Castle with Floors Castle in the background |
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| Creation time : | 12th Century | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Scottish royalty | |
| Construction: | Quarry stone | |
| Place: | Roxburgh | |
| Geographical location | 55 ° 35 '47.5 " N , 2 ° 27' 23.9" W | |
| Height: | 49 m ASLTemplate: height / unknown reference | |
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Roxburgh Castle is the ruins of a royal castle on the estuary of the Teviot in the Tweed in the Scottish administration unit Scottish Borders . The associated settlement developed into the village of Roxburgh , which the Scots destroyed along with the castle after they had taken it in 1460. Today the ruins stand on the grounds of Floors Castle , the seat of the Duke of Roxburghe on the opposite side of the river from Kelso .
history
Legend has it that King David I built the castle; its existence was first mentioned in a document around 1128. In 1174, after King William I was captured at the Battle of Alnwick , it was handed over to the English and was later often in English hands. The Scots made many attempts to recapture the castle. On February 19, 1314, James Douglas, Lord of Douglas , (the "black Douglas") took the castle; he probably disguised his men as cows. Roxburgh Castle was later lost again. As long as the Scots had the castle in their hands, they tried to destroy it, and in the words of the Lanercost Chronicle, “The Scots tore this whole beautiful castle down to the ground, like the other castles they could take with it the English could never again rule the country by taking the castles. "
The castle was King Edward III's base of operations. of England during its Winter War against Scots in 1334. A Scottish siege in 1417 required repairs. In 1460, the Scots again besieged Roxburgh Castle. During this siege killed metal fragments from the explosion of one of the bombards King James II. But the Scots stormed the castle, they took one, and the queen and wife of James II., Maria von Geldern (Queen) , let them destroy.
In 1545, during Rough Wooing , the English garrison under the command of Ralph Bulmer built a rectangular fort on the site at the behest of the Earl of Hertford . This was destroyed in 1550 after the agreement of the Treaty of Boulogne .
The ruins of the Niederungsburg now consist of a large mound and some masonry that is still visible. Historic Scotland had Roxburgh Castle listed as a Category B Historic Building, but that status has been revoked. Today the castle ruins are only considered a Scheduled Monument .
literature
The capture of Roxburgh Castle in 1314 is one of the inspirations of The Three Perils of Man by James Hogg .
Individual evidence
- ^ Martin Coventry: The Castles of Scotland . Birlinn, 2006. ISBN 1-84158-449-5 . P. 561.
- ↑ a b Mike Salter: Discovering Scottish Castles . Shire Publications, 1985. ISBN 0-85263-749-7 . P. 17.
- ↑ Entry on Roxburgh Castle in Canmore, the database of Historic Environment Scotland (English)
- ^ Howard M. Colvin, RA Brown: The Royal Castles 1066-1485 in The History of the King's Works. Volume II: The Middle Ages . Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London 1963. p. 819.
- ^ Howard M. Colvin, RA Brown: The Royal Castles 1066-1485 in The History of the King's Works. Volume II: The Middle Ages . Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London 1963. p. 820.
- ↑ Mike Salter: Discovering Scottish Castles . Shire Publications, 1985. ISBN 0-85263-749-7 . P. 18.
- ↑ Listed Building - Entry . In: Historic Scotland .
- ↑ Scheduled Monument - Entry . In: Historic Scotland .
