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'''Meductic Indian Village / Fort Meductic''' (also known as Medoctec, Madawamkeetook) was the [[Maliseet]] capital until and mid-eighteenth century and was located near the confluence of the Eel River and [[St. John River (Bay of Fundy)|Saint John River]], in [[New Brunswick]], four miles upriver from present-day [[Meductic, New Brunswick]].<ref>The site, dating from before the 17th century, was originally situated on a plateau west of the Saint John River; but in 1968 the Mactaquac Hydroelectric Dam was built, flooding much of the Saint John River valley, including the entire site of Meductic.</ref> The fortified village of Meductic was the principal settlement of the [[Maliseet]] First Nation from before the 17th century until the middle of the 18th, and an important fur trading centre. (The other two significant native villages in the region were [[Norridgewock]] (present-day [[Madison, Maine]]) on the Kennebec River and Penobscot (present-day [[Penobscot Indian Island Reservation|Indian Island, Maine]]) on the Penobscot River. Only during [[King George's War]], after the French established Saint Anne (present-day Fredericton, New Brunswick), did village [[Aukpaque]], present-day [[Springhill, New Brunswick]], become of equal importance to Meductic)<ref>Raymond, p. 3, p. 11, p. 16</ref>
'''Meductic Indian Village / Fort Meductic''' (also known as Medoctec, Madawamkeetook) was the [[Maliseet]] capital until and mid-eighteenth century. It was located near the confluence of the Eel River and [[St. John River (Bay of Fundy)|Saint John River]], in [[New Brunswick]], four miles upriver from present-day [[Meductic, New Brunswick]].<ref>The village, dating from before the 17th century, was situated on a plateau west of the Saint John River. In 1968 the government acquired the Meductic site for the [[Mactaquac Hydroelectric Dam]], which flooded much of the Saint John River valley, including Meductic.</ref> The fortified village of Meductic was the principal settlement of the [[Maliseet]] First Nation from before the 17th century until the middle of the 18th, and it was an important [[fur trading]] centre. (The other two significant native villages in the region were the Abenaki village of [[Norridgewock]] (present-day [[Madison, Maine]]) on the [[Kennebec River]] and Penobscot (present-day [[Penobscot Indian Island Reservation]]) on the Penobscot River. Only during [[King George's War]], after the French established Saint Anne (present-day Fredericton, New Brunswick), did the village [[Aukpaque]], present-day [[Springhill, New Brunswick]], become of equal importance to Meductic).<ref>Raymond, p. 3, p. 11, p. 16</ref>


The village contained Fort Meductic, which was built before the arrival of the French to defend against [[Mohawk nation|Mohawk]] attacks.<ref>Raymond, p. 7</ref> It is reported to have been the first Fort in Acadia.<ref>Raymond, p. 11; Bishop [[Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier]] visited the area on the way to [[Port Royal, Annapolis County, Nova Scotia|Port Royal, Nova Scotia]]. He wrote: "Megogtek is the first fort in [[Acadia]]".</ref> Father [[Joseph Aubery]] re-established the mission in 1701. During the lead up to [[Father Rale's War]], to secure the French influence on the village, Priest [[Jean-Baptiste Loyard]]<ref>Binasco, Matteo. The Role and Activities of the Capuchin, Jesuit and Recollet Missionaries in Acadia/Nova Scotia from 1654 to 1755. Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS. 2004. Father Loyard was born at Pau in 1678 (dept. of Pyrénées-Atlantique). He was ordained a Jesuit priest (Societe of Jesus) and served in Acadia from 1709 until his death 1731.</ref> built the chapel Saint Jean Baptiste (1717). (The bell was given by King Louis XV.) <ref>Raymond, p. 13</ref> The French claimed the same territory on the Kennebec River by building a church in the Abenaki villages of [[Norridgewock]].<ref name="Parks Canada">{{cite web| url=http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=14831| title=Meductic Indian Village / Fort Meductic National Historic Site of Canada| publisher=Parks Canada| accessdate=December 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name="John Grenier 2008, p. 51">John Grenier, ''The Far Reaches of Empire''. University of Oklahoma Press, 2008, p. 51, p. 54.</ref>
The village contained Fort Meductic, which the Maliseet had built before the arrival of the French to defend against [[Mohawk nation|Mohawk]] attacks.<ref>Raymond, p. 7</ref> The Mohawk were one of the [[Five Nations]] of the [[Iroquois Confederacy]], based in present-day New York, south of the St. Lawrence River and generally west of the Hudson River. This is reported to have been the first Fort in Acadia.<ref>Raymond, p. 11; Bishop [[Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier]] visited the area on the way to [[Port Royal, Annapolis County, Nova Scotia|Port Royal, Nova Scotia]]. He wrote: "Megogtek is the first fort in [[Acadia]]".</ref>


Father [[Joseph Aubery]] re-established the mission in 1701. During the lead up to [[Father Rale's War]], to secure the French influence on the village, Priest [[Jean-Baptiste Loyard]] built the chapel Saint Jean Baptiste (1717).<ref>Binasco, Matteo. ''The Role and Activities of the Capuchin, Jesuit and Recollet Missionaries in Acadia/Nova Scotia from 1654 to 1755.'' Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS. 2004. Note: Father Loyard was born at [[Pau]] in 1678 (dept. of [[Pyrénées-Atlantique]]). He was ordained a Jesuit priest (Societe of Jesus) and served in Acadia from 1709 until his death in 1731.</ref> (The bell was given by King Louis XV.) <ref>Raymond, p. 13</ref> Similarly, the French claimed territory on the Kennebec River by building a church in the Abenaki village of [[Norridgewock]].<ref name="Parks Canada">{{cite web| url=http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=14831| title=Meductic Indian Village / Fort Meductic National Historic Site of Canada| publisher=Parks Canada| accessdate=December 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name="John Grenier 2008, p. 51">John Grenier, ''The Far Reaches of Empire''. University of Oklahoma Press, 2008, p. 51, p. 54.</ref>
⚫
It is a [[National Historic Site of Canada]]. A Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada plaque and cairn marking the site is located nearby on Fort Meductic Road. Official recognition refers to the polygon around the archaeological remains.<ref>{{CRHP|14831|Meductic Indian Village / Fort Meductic|22 February 2012}}</ref>

⚫
Meductic is a [[National Historic Site of Canada]]. A Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada plaque and cairn marking the site is located nearby on Fort Meductic Road. Official recognition refers to the polygon around the archaeological remains.<ref>{{CRHP|14831|Meductic Indian Village / Fort Meductic|22 February 2012}}</ref>


== Also see ==
== Also see ==
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== References ==
== References ==
'''Secondary Sources:'''
'''Secondary Sources:'''
* [http://www.archive.org/details/cihm_12322 W.O. Raymond. The old Meductic Fort and the Indian chapel of Saint Jean Baptiste: paper read before the New Brunswick Historical Society (1897)]
* [http://www.archive.org/details/cihm_12322 W.O. Raymond. ''The Old Meductic Fort and the Indian Chapel of Saint Jean Baptiste:'' paper read before the New Brunswick Historical Society (1897)]
*{{cite book|last=Raymond|first=William O|title=Glimpses of the Past: History of the River St. John|url=http://www.archive.org/details/glimpsesofpasth00raymuoft|location=Saint John, NB|publisher=unspecified|year=1905|oclc=422037263}}
*{{cite book|last=Raymond|first=William O|title=Glimpses of the Past: History of the River St. John|url=http://www.archive.org/details/glimpsesofpasth00raymuoft|location=Saint John, NB|publisher=unspecified|year=1905|oclc=422037263}}
*John Grenier. (2008). ''The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia 1710-1760''. University of Oklahoma Press.
*John Grenier. (2008). ''The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia 1710-1760''. University of Oklahoma Press.
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/6933/pg6933.txt Parkman - the Jesuits in North America]
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/6933/pg6933.txt Francis Parkman, ''The Jesuits in North America''], Gutenberg Project
*[http://biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?id_nbr=961 Jean-Baptiste Loyard - Canadian Biography Online]
*[http://biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?id_nbr=961 "Jean-Baptiste Loyard"], Canadian Biography Online
* Matteo Binasco. "Few, Uncooperative, and Endangered: The Troubled Activity of the Roman Catholic missionaries in Acadia (1610-1710)", in Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society, Journal, vol.10 (2007), pp.&nbsp;147–162.
* Matteo Binasco. "Few, Uncooperative, and Endangered: The Troubled Activity of the Roman Catholic Missionaries in Acadia (1610-1710)", in ''Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society, Journal,'' vol.10 (2007), pp.&nbsp;147–162.


External Links
External Links

Revision as of 11:48, 8 August 2014

Fort Meductic
near the confluence of the Eel River and Saint John River, in New Brunswick,
Meductic Church Cornerstone (1717). Oldest religious artifact in New Brunswick. Discovered 1890.[1]
Site information
Controlled byMaliseet
Site history
Builtbefore the 17th century, first Fort in Acadia
Battles/warsBattle of Fort Loyal
Official nameMeductic Indian Village / Fort Meductic National Historic Site of Canada
Designated1924

Meductic Indian Village / Fort Meductic (also known as Medoctec, Madawamkeetook) was the Maliseet capital until and mid-eighteenth century. It was located near the confluence of the Eel River and Saint John River, in New Brunswick, four miles upriver from present-day Meductic, New Brunswick.[2] The fortified village of Meductic was the principal settlement of the Maliseet First Nation from before the 17th century until the middle of the 18th, and it was an important fur trading centre. (The other two significant native villages in the region were the Abenaki village of Norridgewock (present-day Madison, Maine) on the Kennebec River and Penobscot (present-day Penobscot Indian Island Reservation) on the Penobscot River. Only during King George's War, after the French established Saint Anne (present-day Fredericton, New Brunswick), did the village Aukpaque, present-day Springhill, New Brunswick, become of equal importance to Meductic).[3]

The village contained Fort Meductic, which the Maliseet had built before the arrival of the French to defend against Mohawk attacks.[4] The Mohawk were one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, based in present-day New York, south of the St. Lawrence River and generally west of the Hudson River. This is reported to have been the first Fort in Acadia.[5]

Father Joseph Aubery re-established the mission in 1701. During the lead up to Father Rale's War, to secure the French influence on the village, Priest Jean-Baptiste Loyard built the chapel Saint Jean Baptiste (1717).[6] (The bell was given by King Louis XV.) [7] Similarly, the French claimed territory on the Kennebec River by building a church in the Abenaki village of Norridgewock.[8][9]

Meductic is a National Historic Site of Canada. A Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada plaque and cairn marking the site is located nearby on Fort Meductic Road. Official recognition refers to the polygon around the archaeological remains.[10]

Also see

Footnotes

  1. ^ Latin inscription: "To God, most excellent, most high, in honor of Saint John Baptist, the Maliseets erected this church A. D. 1717, while Jean Loyard, a priest of the Society of Jesus, was procurator of the mission.” (See Raymond, P.9)
  2. ^ The village, dating from before the 17th century, was situated on a plateau west of the Saint John River. In 1968 the government acquired the Meductic site for the Mactaquac Hydroelectric Dam, which flooded much of the Saint John River valley, including Meductic.
  3. ^ Raymond, p. 3, p. 11, p. 16
  4. ^ Raymond, p. 7
  5. ^ Raymond, p. 11; Bishop Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier visited the area on the way to Port Royal, Nova Scotia. He wrote: "Megogtek is the first fort in Acadia".
  6. ^ Binasco, Matteo. The Role and Activities of the Capuchin, Jesuit and Recollet Missionaries in Acadia/Nova Scotia from 1654 to 1755. Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS. 2004. Note: Father Loyard was born at Pau in 1678 (dept. of Pyrénées-Atlantique). He was ordained a Jesuit priest (Societe of Jesus) and served in Acadia from 1709 until his death in 1731.
  7. ^ Raymond, p. 13
  8. ^ "Meductic Indian Village / Fort Meductic National Historic Site of Canada". Parks Canada. Retrieved December 20, 2011.
  9. ^ John Grenier, The Far Reaches of Empire. University of Oklahoma Press, 2008, p. 51, p. 54.
  10. ^ Meductic Indian Village / Fort Meductic. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 22 February 2012.

References

Secondary Sources:

External Links


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45°59′53″N 67°29′40″W / 45.99806°N 67.49444°W / 45.99806; -67.49444

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