Erythranthe guttata: Difference between revisions

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==Description==
==Description==
[[File:Mimulus_guttatus_5630.JPG|left|thumb|The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots. The opening to the flower is hairy.]]
[[File:Mimulus guttatus 5630.JPG|left|thumb|The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots. The opening to the flower is hairy.]]
A highly variable plant, taking many forms, it is a [[Cryptic species complex|species complex]] in that there is room to treat some of its forms as different species by some definitions. ''Mimulus guttatus'' is 10 to 80 cm tall with disproportionately large, 20 to 40 mm long, tubular flowers. The perennial form spreads with stolons or rhizomes. The stem may be erect or recumbent. In the latter form, roots may develop at leaf nodes. Sometimes dwarfed, it may be hairless or have some hairs. Leaves are opposite, round to oval, usually coarsely and irregularly toothed or lobed. The bright yellow flowers are born on a [[raceme]], most often with five or more flowers. The [[Calyx (botany)|calyx]] has five lobes that are much shorter than the flower. Each flower has bilateral symmetry and has two lips. The upper lip usually has two lobs; the lower, three. The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots. The opening to the flower is hairy.<ref name= "Jepson">{{cite web | url = http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7386,7412 | title = UC/JEPS: Jepson Manual treatment for ''MIMULUS guttatus'' | author = Copyright © by the Regents of the University of California | authorlink = University of California, Berkeley | date = 1993 | format = HTML | work = Treatment from the Jepson Manual| publisher = [[Regents of the University of California]] and University and Jepson Herbaria (UC/JEPS) | accessdate = 2010-11-21}}</ref><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web | title = Mimulus guttatus DC. | work = GRIN Taxonomy for Plants | publisher = Germplasm Resources Information Network | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24442 | accessdate = 2010-11-21 }}</ref><ref name="Burke">{{cite web|title=Mimulus guttatus|work=WTU Herbarium Image Collection |publisher=Burke Museum, University of Washington|url=http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Mimulus&Species=guttatus|accessdate=2010-11-21}}</ref><ref name="Pojar">{{cite book | last = Pojar | first = Jim |author2=Andy MacKinnon | title = Plants Of The Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska | publisher = Lone Pine Publishing | page = 264 | date = 2004 | id = ISBN 978-1-55105-530-5}}</ref><ref name="Turner">{{cite book | last = Turner | first = Mark |author2=Phyllis Gustafson | title = Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest | publisher = Timber Press | page = 244 | date = 2006 | id = ISBN 978-0-88192-745-0}}</ref>
A highly variable plant, taking many forms, it is a [[Cryptic species complex|species complex]] in that there is room to treat some of its forms as different species by some definitions. ''Mimulus guttatus'' is 10 to 80&nbsp;cm tall with disproportionately large, 20 to 40&nbsp;mm long, tubular flowers. The perennial form spreads with stolons or rhizomes. The stem may be erect or recumbent. In the latter form, roots may develop at leaf nodes. Sometimes dwarfed, it may be hairless or have some hairs. Leaves are opposite, round to oval, usually coarsely and irregularly toothed or lobed. The bright yellow flowers are born on a [[raceme]], most often with five or more flowers. The [[Calyx (botany)|calyx]] has five lobes that are much shorter than the flower. Each flower has bilateral symmetry and has two lips. The upper lip usually has two lobs; the lower, three. The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots. The opening to the flower is hairy.<ref name= "Jepson">{{cite web | url = http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7386,7412 | title = UC/JEPS: Jepson Manual treatment for ''MIMULUS guttatus'' | author = Copyright © by the Regents of the University of California | authorlink = University of California, Berkeley | date = 1993 | work = Treatment from the Jepson Manual| publisher = [[Regents of the University of California]] and University and Jepson Herbaria (UC/JEPS) | accessdate = 2010-11-21}}</ref><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web | title = Mimulus guttatus DC. | work = GRIN Taxonomy for Plants | publisher = Germplasm Resources Information Network | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24442 | accessdate = 2010-11-21 }}</ref><ref name="Burke">{{cite web|title=Mimulus guttatus|work=WTU Herbarium Image Collection |publisher=Burke Museum, University of Washington|url=http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Mimulus&Species=guttatus|accessdate=2010-11-21}}</ref><ref name="Pojar">{{cite book | last = Pojar | first = Jim |author2=Andy MacKinnon | title = Plants Of The Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska | publisher = Lone Pine Publishing | page = 264 | date = 2004 | isbn = 978-1-55105-530-5}}</ref><ref name="Turner">{{cite book | last = Turner | first = Mark |author2=Phyllis Gustafson | title = Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest | publisher = Timber Press | page = 244 | date = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-88192-745-0}}</ref>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
Both annual and perennial forms occur throughout the species' range. It is found in a wide range of habitats including the splash zone of the Pacific Ocean, the geysers of [[Yellowstone National Park]], [[alpine climate|alpine meadows]], [[serpentine soil|serpentine barrens]], and even on the toxic tailings of [[Copper extraction techniques|copper mines]]. It is sometimes [[aquatic plant|aquatic]], its herbage floating in small bodies of water.
Both annual and perennial forms occur throughout the species' range. It is found in a wide range of habitats including the splash zone of the Pacific Ocean, the geysers of [[Yellowstone National Park]], [[alpine climate|alpine meadows]], [[serpentine soil|serpentine barrens]], and even on the toxic tailings of [[Copper extraction techniques|copper mines]]. It is sometimes [[aquatic plant|aquatic]], its herbage floating in small bodies of water.


''Mimulus guttatus'' has been a model organism for studies of evolution and ecology. There may be as many as 1000 scientific papers focused on this species. The genome is (as of 2012) being studied in depth.[http://www.mimulusevolution.org/]
''Mimulus guttatus'' has been a model organism for studies of evolution and ecology. There may be as many as 1000 scientific papers focused on this species. The genome is (as of 2012) being studied in depth.[http://www.mimulusevolution.org/]


==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
''Mimulus guttatus'' is cultivated in the specialty [[horticulture]] trade and available as an [[ornamental plant]] for: traditional [[garden]]s; [[Natural landscaping|natural landscape]], [[California native plants|native plant]], and [[habitat garden]]s.
''Mimulus guttatus'' is cultivated in the specialty [[horticulture]] trade and available as an [[ornamental plant]] for: traditional [[garden]]s; [[Natural landscaping|natural landscape]], [[California native plants|native plant]], and [[habitat garden]]s.


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
*{{Commons-inline|{{PAGENAME}}|''{{PAGENAME}}''}}
*{{Commons-inline|Mimulus guttatus|''Mimulus guttatus''}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline|{{PAGENAME}}|''{{PAGENAME}}''}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Mimulus guttatus|''Mimulus guttatus''}}
*[http://www.phytozome.net/mimulus Mimulus Genome Browser - for genetics researchers]
*[http://www.phytozome.net/mimulus Mimulus Genome Browser - for genetics researchers]
*[http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Mimulus+guttatus Photo gallery]
*[http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Mimulus+guttatus Photo gallery]
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[[Category:Model organisms]]
[[Category:Model organisms]]
[[Category:Plants with sequenced genomes]]
[[Category:Plants with sequenced genomes]]



{{Lamiales-stub}}
{{Lamiales-stub}}

Revision as of 09:57, 16 January 2015

Erythranthe guttata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Lamiales
Family:
Scrophulariaceae
Genus:
Mimulus
Species:
M. guttatus
Binomial name
Mimulus guttatus

Mimulus guttatus, the Common monkey-flower, is a yellow bee-pollinated annual or perennial herbaceous wildflower that grows along the banks of streams and seeps in western North America.[1]

Description

The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots. The opening to the flower is hairy.

A highly variable plant, taking many forms, it is a species complex in that there is room to treat some of its forms as different species by some definitions. Mimulus guttatus is 10 to 80 cm tall with disproportionately large, 20 to 40 mm long, tubular flowers. The perennial form spreads with stolons or rhizomes. The stem may be erect or recumbent. In the latter form, roots may develop at leaf nodes. Sometimes dwarfed, it may be hairless or have some hairs. Leaves are opposite, round to oval, usually coarsely and irregularly toothed or lobed. The bright yellow flowers are born on a raceme, most often with five or more flowers. The calyx has five lobes that are much shorter than the flower. Each flower has bilateral symmetry and has two lips. The upper lip usually has two lobs; the lower, three. The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots. The opening to the flower is hairy.[2][3][4][5][6]

Distribution

Both annual and perennial forms occur throughout the species' range. It is found in a wide range of habitats including the splash zone of the Pacific Ocean, the geysers of Yellowstone National Park, alpine meadows, serpentine barrens, and even on the toxic tailings of copper mines. It is sometimes aquatic, its herbage floating in small bodies of water.

Mimulus guttatus has been a model organism for studies of evolution and ecology. There may be as many as 1000 scientific papers focused on this species. The genome is (as of 2012) being studied in depth.[1]

Cultivation

Mimulus guttatus is cultivated in the specialty horticulture trade and available as an ornamental plant for: traditional gardens; natural landscape, native plant, and habitat gardens.

References

  1. ^ "Mimulus guttatus DC". PLANTS Profile. United States Department of Agriculture; Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
  2. ^ Copyright © by the Regents of the University of California (1993). "UC/JEPS: Jepson Manual treatment for MIMULUS guttatus". Treatment from the Jepson Manual. Regents of the University of California and University and Jepson Herbaria (UC/JEPS). Retrieved 2010-11-21.
  3. ^ "Mimulus guttatus DC". GRIN Taxonomy for Plants. Germplasm Resources Information Network. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
  4. ^ "Mimulus guttatus". WTU Herbarium Image Collection. Burke Museum, University of Washington. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
  5. ^ Pojar, Jim; Andy MacKinnon (2004). Plants Of The Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska. Lone Pine Publishing. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-55105-530-5.
  6. ^ Turner, Mark; Phyllis Gustafson (2006). Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-88192-745-0.

External links


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