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The '''Moby Project''' is a collection of of a number of different types of word lists, mostly in English. The files are intended for use in lexical-related projects. The files are public domain and most of them can be downloaded at [[Project Gutenberg]].
The '''Moby Project''' is a collection of public-domain lexical resources. It was created by [[Grady Ward]]. The resources were dedicated to the public domain, and are now mirrored at [[Project Gutenberg]]. {{As of|2007}}, it contains the largest free phonetic database, with 177,267 words and corresponding pronunciations.{{cn|date=September 2016}}


== Hyphenator ==
The lists making up the Moby Project are as follows:
The '''Moby Hyphenator II''' contains the hyphenations of 187,175 words and phrases (including 9,752 entries where no hyphenations are given, such as ''through'' and ''avoir''). The character encoding appears to be MacRoman, and hyphenation is indicated by a bullet (character value 165 decimal, or A5 hexadecimal). Some entries, however, have a combination of actual hyphens and character 165, such as "bar•ber-sur•geon".


There is little to no documentation of the hyphenation choices made; the following examples might give some flavour of the style of hyphenation used: at•mos•phere; at•tend•ant; ca•pac•i•ty; un•col•or•a•ble.
* Moby Hyphenator II - list of word hyphenations.
* Moby Language II - word lists of five languages – [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]], and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]:
* Moby Part-of-Speech - list of words with their parts of speech.
* Moby Pronunciator II - list of words with their pronunciations using Moby's pronunciation mark-up.
* Moby Shakespeare contains the complete unabridged works of [[Shakespeare]]. This file is not available from Project Gutenberg.
* Moby Thesaurus II
* Words (see below)


== Language ==
The Words distribution consists of the following files:
'''Moby Language II''' contains wordlists of five languages: [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]], and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]:


{| class="wikitable"
* Acronyms
|-
* Common words - words present in two or more published dictionaries. The list starts with nearly 300 suffixes.
! Language
* Compound words - phrases, [[proper noun]]s, and [[acronym]]s not included in the common words file. This file starts with over 540 suffixes. It's hard to see how they fit this category.
! Words
* Words included in the first edition of the [[Official Scrabble Players Dictionary]]
! Size (in [[byte]]s)
* Additions to the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary in the second edition
|-
* Most frequently occurring words in the [[English language]]
! French
* Most frequently occurring words on [[Usenet]] in 1992
|align="right"| 138,257
* Most frequently occurring [[substring]]s in the [[King James Version of the Bible]]
|align="right"| 1,524,757
* Most common [[name]]s used in the United States and [[Great Britain]]
|-
* Common English [[female]] names
! German
* Common English [[male]] names
|align="right"| 159,809
* Most common misspelled English words. While such lists usually list the misspellings along with the correct spelling, this list doesn't contain any actual misspellings.
|align="right"| 2,055,986
* Place names in the United States
|-
* Single words excluding proper nouns, acronyms, compound words and phrases, but including [[Archaism|archaic]] words and significant [[variant spellings]]
! Italian
* [[United States Constitution]] including all amendments current to 1993
|align="right"| 60,453
|align="right"| 561,981
|-
! Japanese
|align="right"| 115,523
|align="right"| 934,783
|-
! Spanish
|align="right"| 86,059
|align="right"| 850,523
|-
! Total
|align="right"| 560,101
! 5,928,030
|}


However, some of the lists are contaminated, for example the Japanese list contains English words such as ''abnormal'' and non-words such as ''abcdefgh'' and ''m,./''. There are also unusual peculiarities in the sorting of these lists, as the French list contains a straight alphabetical listing, while the German list contains the alphabetical listing of traditionally capitalized words and then the alphabetical listing of traditionally lower-cased words. The list of Italian words, however, contains no capitalized words whatsoever.
== Issues ==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2016}}
While some of the files have a lot of entries in them, a significant percentage of them are not words at all, but numbers, made-up words, misspellings, proper names, phrases made up of words already in the lists. In many cases, dozens and even hundreds of "words" are simply other words with common prefixes such as "un-", "non-", added to them, many of which would not be found in dictionaries.


The foreign languages list does not use accented characters, so "e^tre" is how a user would look up the French word ''être'' ("To Be").
Another common problem is the inclusion of many non-English words and phrases rarely seen in English writings and thus which do not belong in lists of English words. So while there is some useful data in the lists, someone would have to do a lot of clean-up work to makes the lists actually useful.


== Part-of-Speech ==
For example, the Hyphenator is said to contain over 187,000 hyphenated words, but in addition to the problems listed above, nearly 10,000 of the words are one-syllable, such as ''through'', meaning there are no hyphenations possible for them.
'''Moby Part-of-Speech''' contains 233,356 words fully described by [[Lexical category|part(s) of speech]], listed in priority order. The format of the file is ''word\parts-of-speech'', with the following parts of speech being identified:


{| class="wikitable"
The list of Japanese words contains English words such as ''abnormal'' and non-words such as ''abcdefgh'' and ''m,./''. There are also unusual peculiarities in the sorting of these lists, as the French list contains a straight alphabetical listing, while the German list contains the alphabetical listing of traditionally capitalized words and then the alphabetical listing of traditionally lowercased words. The list of Italian words, however, contains no capitalized words whatsoever.
|-
! Part-of-speech
! Code
|-
| [[Noun]]
| N
|-
| [[Plural]]
| p
|-
| [[Noun phrase]]
| h
|-
| [[Verb]] (usually [[participle]])
| V
|-
| [[Transitive verb]]
| t
|-
| [[Intransitive verb]]
| i
|-
| [[Adjective]]
| A
|-
| [[Adverb]]
| v
|-
| [[Grammatical conjunction|Conjunction]]
| C
|-
| [[Preposition]]
| P
|-
| [[Interjection]]
| !
|-
| [[Pronoun]]
| r
|-
| [[Article (grammar)|Definite article]]
| D
|-
| [[Article (grammar)|Indefinite article]]
| I
|-
| [[Nominative]]
| o
|}

== Pronunciator ==
The '''Moby Pronunciator II''' contains 177,267 words with corresponding pronunciations. The Project Gutenberg distribution also contains a copy of the [[cmudict]] v0.3. The file follows the format ''word[/part-of-speech] pronunciation''. The part-of-speech field is used to disambiguate 770 of the words which have differing pronunciations depending on their part-of-speech. For example for the words spelled ''close,'' the verb has the pronunciation {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|oʊ|z}}, whereas the adjective is {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|oʊ|s}}. The parts-of-speech have been assigned the following codes:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Part-of-speech
! Code
|-
| [[Noun]]
| n
|-
| [[Verb]]
| v
|-
| [[Adjective]]
| aj
|-
| [[Adverb]]
| av
|-
| [[Interjection]]
| interj
|}

Following this is the pronunciation. Several special symbols are present:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Symbol
! Meaning
|-
| /
| Used to separate [[phoneme]]s
|-
| _
| Used to separate words
|-
| '
| [[Primary stress]] on the following syllable
|-
| ,
| [[Secondary stress]] on the following syllable
|}

The rest of the symbols are used to represent [[IPA]] characters, according to the following table:

{| class="IPA wikitable"
|-
! Symbol
! [[Help:IPA for English|IPA]]
|-
| &
| æ
|-
| -
| ə
|-
| @
| ʌ, ə
|-
| @r
| ɜr, ər
|-
| A
| ɑː
|-
| aI
| aɪ
|-
| Ar
| ɑr
|-
| AU
| aʊ
|-
| b
| b
|-
| d
| d
|-
| D
| ð
|-
| dZ
| dʒ
|-
| E
| ɛ
|-
| eI
| eɪ
|-
| f
| f
|-
| g
| ɡ
|-
| h
| h
|-
| hw
| hw
|-
| i
| iː
|-
| I
| ɪ
|-
| j
| j
|-
| k
| k
|-
| l
| l
|-
| m
| m
|-
| n
| n
|-
| N
| ŋ
|-
| O
| ɔː
|-
| Oi
| ɔɪ
|-
| oU
| oʊ
|-
| p
| p
|-
| r
| r
|-
| s
| s
|-
| S
| ʃ
|-
| t
| t
|-
| T
| θ
|-
| tS
| tʃ
|-
| u
| uː
|-
| U
| ʊ
|-
| v
| v
|-
| w
| w
|-
| z
| z
|-
| Z
| ʒ
|}

== Shakespeare ==
'''Moby Shakespeare''' contains the complete unabridged works of [[Shakespeare]]. This specific resource is not available from Project Gutenberg.

== Thesaurus ==
The '''Moby Thesaurus II''' contains 30,260 root words, with 2,520,264 [[synonym]]s and related terms – an average of 83.3 per root word. Each line consists of a list of [[comma-separated values]], with the first term being the root word, and all following words being related terms.

[[Grady Ward]] placed this thesaurus in the [[public domain]] in 1996. It is also available as a [[Debian]] package.

== Words ==
'''Moby Words II''' is the largest wordlist in the world.<ref>[http://www.clres.com/dict.html Electronic Dictionaries<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The distribution consists of the following 16 files:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Filename
! Words
! Description
|-
| ACRONYMS.TXT
| 6,213
| Common [[acronym]]s and [[abbreviation]]s
|-
| COMMON.TXT
| 74,550
| Common words present in two or more published dictionaries
|-
| COMPOUND.TXT
| 256,772
| Phrases, [[proper noun]]s, and [[acronym]]s not included in the common words file
|-
| CROSSWD.TXT
| 113,809
| Words included in the first edition of the [[Official Scrabble Players Dictionary]]
|-
| CRSWD-D.TXT
| 4,160
| Additions to the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary in the second edition
|-
| FICTION.TXT
| 467
| A list of the most commonly occurring [[substring]]s in the book ''[[The Joy Luck Club (novel)|The Joy Luck Club]]''
|-
| FREQ.TXT
| 1,000
| Most frequently occurring words in the [[English language]], listed in descending order
|-
| FREQ-INT.TXT
| 1,000
| Most frequently occurring words on [[Usenet]] in 1992, listed with corresponding percentage in decreasing order
|-
| KJVFREQ.TXT
| 1,185
| Most frequently occurring [[substring]]s in the [[King James Version of the Bible]], listed in descending order
|-
| NAMES.TXT
| 21,986
| Most common [[name]]s used in the United States and [[Great Britain]]
|-
| NAMES-F.TXT
| 4,946
| Common English [[female]] names
|-
| NAMES-M.TXT
| 3,897
| Common English [[male]] names
|-
| OFTENMIS.TXT
| 366
| Most common misspelled English words
|-
| PLACES.TXT
| 10,196
| Place names in the United States
|-
| SINGLE.TXT
| 354,984
| Single words excluding proper nouns, acronyms, compound words and phrases, but including [[Archaism|archaic]] words and significant [[variant spellings]]
|-
| USACONST.TXT
| 7,618
| [[United States Constitution]] including all amendments current to 1993
|-
! Total
! 863,149
!
|}


== References ==
== References ==
Line 50: Line 373:
*[http://icon.shef.ac.uk/Moby/ Moby Project homepage]
*[http://icon.shef.ac.uk/Moby/ Moby Project homepage]
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/results?title=moby+list Project Gutenberg downloads]
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/results?title=moby+list Project Gutenberg downloads]
*''[http://www.foo.be/docs/tpj/issues/vol4_4/tpj0404-0003.html Searching for Rhymes with Perl]''; [http://interglacial.com/~sburke/mpron/ corresponding code]
*''[http://wixml.net/moby.html Conversion to relational database]'' (Dead link)


[[Category:Public domain databases]]
[[Category:Public domain databases]]

Revision as of 18:38, 12 September 2016

The Moby Project is a collection of public-domain lexical resources. It was created by Grady Ward. The resources were dedicated to the public domain, and are now mirrored at Project Gutenberg. As of 2007, it contains the largest free phonetic database, with 177,267 words and corresponding pronunciations.[citation needed]

Hyphenator

The Moby Hyphenator II contains the hyphenations of 187,175 words and phrases (including 9,752 entries where no hyphenations are given, such as through and avoir). The character encoding appears to be MacRoman, and hyphenation is indicated by a bullet (character value 165 decimal, or A5 hexadecimal). Some entries, however, have a combination of actual hyphens and character 165, such as "bar•ber-sur•geon".

There is little to no documentation of the hyphenation choices made; the following examples might give some flavour of the style of hyphenation used: at•mos•phere; at•tend•ant; ca•pac•i•ty; un•col•or•a•ble.

Language

Moby Language II contains wordlists of five languages: French, German, Italian, Japanese, and Spanish:

Language Words Size (in bytes)
French 138,257 1,524,757
German 159,809 2,055,986
Italian 60,453 561,981
Japanese 115,523 934,783
Spanish 86,059 850,523
Total 560,101 5,928,030

However, some of the lists are contaminated, for example the Japanese list contains English words such as abnormal and non-words such as abcdefgh and m,./. There are also unusual peculiarities in the sorting of these lists, as the French list contains a straight alphabetical listing, while the German list contains the alphabetical listing of traditionally capitalized words and then the alphabetical listing of traditionally lower-cased words. The list of Italian words, however, contains no capitalized words whatsoever.

The foreign languages list does not use accented characters, so "e^tre" is how a user would look up the French word être ("To Be").

Part-of-Speech

Moby Part-of-Speech contains 233,356 words fully described by part(s) of speech, listed in priority order. The format of the file is word\parts-of-speech, with the following parts of speech being identified:

Part-of-speech Code
Noun N
Plural p
Noun phrase h
Verb (usually participle) V
Transitive verb t
Intransitive verb i
Adjective A
Adverb v
Conjunction C
Preposition P
Interjection !
Pronoun r
Definite article D
Indefinite article I
Nominative o

Pronunciator

The Moby Pronunciator II contains 177,267 words with corresponding pronunciations. The Project Gutenberg distribution also contains a copy of the cmudict v0.3. The file follows the format word[/part-of-speech] pronunciation. The part-of-speech field is used to disambiguate 770 of the words which have differing pronunciations depending on their part-of-speech. For example for the words spelled close, the verb has the pronunciation /ˈkloʊz/, whereas the adjective is /ˈkloʊs/. The parts-of-speech have been assigned the following codes:

Part-of-speech Code
Noun n
Verb v
Adjective aj
Adverb av
Interjection interj

Following this is the pronunciation. Several special symbols are present:

Symbol Meaning
/ Used to separate phonemes
_ Used to separate words
' Primary stress on the following syllable
, Secondary stress on the following syllable

The rest of the symbols are used to represent IPA characters, according to the following table:

Symbol IPA
& æ
- ə
@ ʌ, ə
@r ɜr, ər
A ɑː
aI aɪ
Ar ɑr
AU aʊ
b b
d d
D ð
dZ dʒ
E ɛ
eI eɪ
f f
g ɡ
h h
hw hw
i iː
I ɪ
j j
k k
l l
m m
n n
N ŋ
O ɔː
Oi ɔɪ
oU oʊ
p p
r r
s s
S ʃ
t t
T θ
tS tʃ
u uː
U ʊ
v v
w w
z z
Z ʒ

Shakespeare

Moby Shakespeare contains the complete unabridged works of Shakespeare. This specific resource is not available from Project Gutenberg.

Thesaurus

The Moby Thesaurus II contains 30,260 root words, with 2,520,264 synonyms and related terms – an average of 83.3 per root word. Each line consists of a list of comma-separated values, with the first term being the root word, and all following words being related terms.

Grady Ward placed this thesaurus in the public domain in 1996. It is also available as a Debian package.

Words

Moby Words II is the largest wordlist in the world.[1] The distribution consists of the following 16 files:

Filename Words Description
ACRONYMS.TXT 6,213 Common acronyms and abbreviations
COMMON.TXT 74,550 Common words present in two or more published dictionaries
COMPOUND.TXT 256,772 Phrases, proper nouns, and acronyms not included in the common words file
CROSSWD.TXT 113,809 Words included in the first edition of the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary
CRSWD-D.TXT 4,160 Additions to the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary in the second edition
FICTION.TXT 467 A list of the most commonly occurring substrings in the book The Joy Luck Club
FREQ.TXT 1,000 Most frequently occurring words in the English language, listed in descending order
FREQ-INT.TXT 1,000 Most frequently occurring words on Usenet in 1992, listed with corresponding percentage in decreasing order
KJVFREQ.TXT 1,185 Most frequently occurring substrings in the King James Version of the Bible, listed in descending order
NAMES.TXT 21,986 Most common names used in the United States and Great Britain
NAMES-F.TXT 4,946 Common English female names
NAMES-M.TXT 3,897 Common English male names
OFTENMIS.TXT 366 Most common misspelled English words
PLACES.TXT 10,196 Place names in the United States
SINGLE.TXT 354,984 Single words excluding proper nouns, acronyms, compound words and phrases, but including archaic words and significant variant spellings
USACONST.TXT 7,618 United States Constitution including all amendments current to 1993
Total 863,149

References

  1. ^ Electronic Dictionaries

External links

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