Parawixia: Difference between revisions
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{{As of|2016|09}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepted the following species:<ref name=WSC_g376/> |
{{As of|2016|09}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepted the following species:<ref name=WSC_g376/> |
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*''[[Parawixia acapulco]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Mexico |
* ''[[Parawixia acapulco]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Mexico |
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*''[[Parawixia audax]]'' <small>(Blackwall, 1863)</small> – Colombia to Argentina |
* ''[[Parawixia audax]]'' <small>(Blackwall, 1863)</small> – Colombia to Argentina |
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*''[[Parawixia barbacoas]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Colombia, Ecuador |
* ''[[Parawixia barbacoas]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Colombia, Ecuador |
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*''[[Parawixia bistriata]]'' <small>(Rengger, 1836)</small> – Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina |
* ''[[Parawixia bistriata]]'' <small>([[Johann Rudolph Rengger|Rengger]], 1836)</small> – Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina |
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*''[[Parawixia casa]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Colombia |
* ''[[Parawixia casa]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Colombia |
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*''[[Parawixia chubut]]'' <small>Levi, 2001</small> – Chile, Argentina |
* ''[[Parawixia chubut]]'' <small>Levi, 2001</small> – Chile, Argentina |
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*''[[Parawixia dehaani]]'' <small>(Doleschall, 1859)</small> – India to Philippines, New Guinea |
* ''[[Parawixia dehaani]]'' <small>(Doleschall, 1859)</small> – India to Philippines, New Guinea |
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*''[[Parawixia destricta]]'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)</small> ([[type species]]) – Mexico to Panama |
* ''[[Parawixia destricta]]'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)</small> ([[type species]]) – Mexico to Panama |
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*''[[Parawixia divisoria]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia |
* ''[[Parawixia divisoria]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia |
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*''[[Parawixia guatemalensis]]'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)</small> – Mexico, Guatemala |
* ''[[Parawixia guatemalensis]]'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)</small> – Mexico, Guatemala |
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*''[[Parawixia honesta]]'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899)</small> – Mexico |
* ''[[Parawixia honesta]]'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899)</small> – Mexico |
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*''[[Parawixia hoxaea]]'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)</small> – Guatemala to Panama |
* ''[[Parawixia hoxaea]]'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)</small> – Guatemala to Panama |
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*''[[Parawixia hypocrita]]'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)</small> – Guatemala to Brazil |
* ''[[Parawixia hypocrita]]'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)</small> – Guatemala to Brazil |
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*''[[Parawixia inopinata]]'' <small>[[Hélio Ferraz de Almeida Camargo|Camargo]], 1950</small> – Brazil |
* ''[[Parawixia inopinata]]'' <small>[[Hélio Ferraz de Almeida Camargo|Camargo]], 1950</small> – Brazil |
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*''[[Parawixia kochi]]'' <small>(Taczanowski, 1873)</small> – Trinidad to Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana |
* ''[[Parawixia kochi]]'' <small>(Taczanowski, 1873)</small> – Trinidad to Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana |
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*''[[Parawixia maldonado]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Peru |
* ''[[Parawixia maldonado]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Peru |
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*''[[Parawixia matiapa]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Trinidad, Colombia, Peru, Brazil |
* ''[[Parawixia matiapa]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Trinidad, Colombia, Peru, Brazil |
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*''[[Parawixia monticola]]'' <small>(Keyserling, 1892)</small> – Brazil |
* ''[[Parawixia monticola]]'' <small>(Keyserling, 1892)</small> – Brazil |
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*''[[Parawixia nesophila]]'' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936</small> – Costa Rica, Panama |
* ''[[Parawixia nesophila]]'' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936</small> – Costa Rica, Panama |
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*''[[Parawixia ouro]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Peru, Brazil |
* ''[[Parawixia ouro]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Peru, Brazil |
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*''[[Parawixia porvenir]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Colombia |
* ''[[Parawixia porvenir]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Colombia |
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*''[[Parawixia rigida]]'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)</small> – Guatemala to Panama |
* ''[[Parawixia rigida]]'' <small>(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889)</small> – Guatemala to Panama |
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*''[[Parawixia rimosa]]'' <small>(Keyserling, 1892)</small> – Costa Rica to Bolivia |
* ''[[Parawixia rimosa]]'' <small>(Keyserling, 1892)</small> – Costa Rica to Bolivia |
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*''[[Parawixia tarapoa]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil |
* ''[[Parawixia tarapoa]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil |
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*''[[Parawixia tomba]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Peru, Brazil |
* ''[[Parawixia tomba]]'' <small>Levi, 1992</small> – Peru, Brazil |
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*''[[Parawixia tredecimnotata]]'' <small>F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904</small> – Mexico to Belize, Greater Antilles |
* ''[[Parawixia tredecimnotata]]'' <small>F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904</small> – Mexico to Belize, Greater Antilles |
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*''[[Parawixia undulata]]'' <small>(Keyserling, 1892)</small> – Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina |
* ''[[Parawixia undulata]]'' <small>(Keyserling, 1892)</small> – Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina |
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*''[[Parawixia velutina]]'' <small>(Taczanowski, 1878)</small> – Colombia to Argentina |
* ''[[Parawixia velutina]]'' <small>(Taczanowski, 1878)</small> – Colombia to Argentina |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 11:55, 17 January 2018
| Parawixia | |
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_(8752762063).jpg)
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| Parawixia dehaani in Taman Negara National Park, Malaysia | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Araneidae |
| Genus: | Parawixia F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904[1] |
| Species[1] | |
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See text. | |
Parawixia is a genus of orb web weaving spiders from the family Araneidae.[1] Most species of Parawixia are found in the Neotropics but one species, Parawixia dehaani, is found in Australasia and tropical Asia as far west as India.[1]
Natural history
One of the better known species of Parawixia is P. audax. It makes a loose, large web placing itself in the hub, head down, or in a retreat creasted from a rolled-leaf. Webs are placed 1–2 m above the ground but most species probably live in the canopy and so are rarely collected.
Parawixia bistriata is known to be social and makes its webs fairly high up, frequently on telephone poles. All the individuals in a colony are of the same age and size and during the day they share a retreat in which they cluster together.[2]
Species
As of September 2016[update], the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:[1]
- Parawixia acapulco Levi, 1992 – Mexico
- Parawixia audax (Blackwall, 1863) – Colombia to Argentina
- Parawixia barbacoas Levi, 1992 – Colombia, Ecuador
- Parawixia bistriata (Rengger, 1836) – Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina
- Parawixia casa Levi, 1992 – Colombia
- Parawixia chubut Levi, 2001 – Chile, Argentina
- Parawixia dehaani (Doleschall, 1859) – India to Philippines, New Guinea
- Parawixia destricta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) (type species) – Mexico to Panama
- Parawixia divisoria Levi, 1992 – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia
- Parawixia guatemalensis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) – Mexico, Guatemala
- Parawixia honesta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) – Mexico
- Parawixia hoxaea (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) – Guatemala to Panama
- Parawixia hypocrita (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) – Guatemala to Brazil
- Parawixia inopinata Camargo, 1950 – Brazil
- Parawixia kochi (Taczanowski, 1873) – Trinidad to Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana
- Parawixia maldonado Levi, 1992 – Peru
- Parawixia matiapa Levi, 1992 – Trinidad, Colombia, Peru, Brazil
- Parawixia monticola (Keyserling, 1892) – Brazil
- Parawixia nesophila Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 – Costa Rica, Panama
- Parawixia ouro Levi, 1992 – Peru, Brazil
- Parawixia porvenir Levi, 1992 – Colombia
- Parawixia rigida (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) – Guatemala to Panama
- Parawixia rimosa (Keyserling, 1892) – Costa Rica to Bolivia
- Parawixia tarapoa Levi, 1992 – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil
- Parawixia tomba Levi, 1992 – Peru, Brazil
- Parawixia tredecimnotata F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 – Mexico to Belize, Greater Antilles
- Parawixia undulata (Keyserling, 1892) – Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina
- Parawixia velutina (Taczanowski, 1878) – Colombia to Argentina
References
- ^ a b c d e "Gen. Parawixia F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
- ^ Levi, Herbert W. (1992). "Spiders of the orb-weaver genus Parawixia in America (Araneae: Araneidae)". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 153 (1): 1–46.