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Although he owned other residences, he favored Tippah Lodge, his sprawling estate in rural [[Mississippi]].<ref name="rootsweb.ancestry.com">"Paul J. Rainey Estate — Tippah Lodge," http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mstippah/Raineyestate.html, accessed 20 October 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mississippihills.org/travel_planner/itineraries/community/oxford/big_game.aspx|last=|first=|date=September 7, 2012|title=Big Game Hunter in Faulkner Country|accessdate=October 20, 2009}}</ref>
Although he owned other residences, he favored Tippah Lodge, his sprawling estate in rural [[Mississippi]].<ref name="rootsweb.ancestry.com">"Paul J. Rainey Estate — Tippah Lodge," http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mstippah/Raineyestate.html, accessed 20 October 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mississippihills.org/travel_planner/itineraries/community/oxford/big_game.aspx|last=|first=|date=September 7, 2012|title=Big Game Hunter in Faulkner Country|accessdate=October 20, 2009}}</ref>


Rainey was active with the [[American Geographical Society]], [[American Museum of Natural History]], the [[New York Zoological Society]], and the [[Smithsonian Institution]], among other organizations. In 1912, a six-reel [[documentary film]] ''Paul J. Rainey's African Hunt'' was released.<ref name="AfricanHunt">{{cite web|url=http://www.boweryboyshistory.com/2012/09/raineys-african-hunt-bloody-1912-movie.html|last=|first=|date=September 7, 2012|title=Rainey’s African Hunt: A bloody 1912 movie blockbuster|accessdate=March 2, 2019}}</ref>
Rainey was active with the [[American Geographical Society]], [[American Museum of Natural History]], the [[New York Zoological Society]], and the [[Smithsonian Institution]], among other organizations.


⚫
Rejected by the military for health reasons, Rainey purchased an [[ambulance]] and drove it on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] during [[World War I]].
⚫
Rainey's silent film grossed over a half-million dollars ({{Inflation|US|500000|1912|fmt=eq}}), an extraordinary sum for an early motion picture. It was one of the most successful non-fiction films of the decade.<ref name="AfricanHunt"/> Rainey's safari team included a photographer and a taxidermist from the [[Smithsonian Institution]].<ref name="DocumentaryFilm">{{cite book |last=Goldman |first=Tonya |date=2016 |title=The Documentary Film Reader: History, Theory, Criticism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YJFPCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT51&lpg=PT51&dq=%22Captain+Besley+Motion+Picture+Co%22&source=bl&ots=4W3xy7u_Fx&sig=ACfU3U08e4BIUAkeFHGv6jSEz_Z2YSIOAQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiMi9_X4e_gAhULI6wKHXOzA_oQ6AEwBHoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=Besley&f=false |access-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref> The success of Rainey's films led to a boom in expedition and nature films.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=New "Civilization" Press Agent| url=https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_054_24.pdf |magazine=Pacific Coast Musical Review, Volume 26 |location=San Francisco, California |publisher=New Moving Picture Review |date=December 12, 1914 |access-date=February 28, 2019 }}</ref> These were silent films, so many of these films were at first presented by a lecturer in a lyceum-like context.<ref name="DocumentaryFilm"/>


==African expedition film==
⚫
The [[Library of Congress]] has a copy of the film in its paper print collection. Producer [[Joseph P. Bickerton, Jr.]] organized the Jungle Film Corporation to buy and commercialize Rainey's African hunt footage. These films were the first motion pictures to be produced at regular theater prices and were successful in the U.S. and abroad.<ref>Meet JP Bickerton, Jr. New York Times. September 11, 1932</ref>
After the war, Rainey hunted [[Big game hunting|big game]] in [[Africa]]. Rainey and his team filmed some of the earliest [[film]] footage of [[African animals]] in the wild. In 1912, a six-reel [[documentary film]] ''Paul J. Rainey's African Hunt'' was released.<ref name="AfricanHunt">{{cite web|url=http://www.boweryboyshistory.com/2012/09/raineys-african-hunt-bloody-1912-movie.html|last=|first=|date=September 7, 2012|title=Rainey’s African Hunt: A bloody 1912 movie blockbuster|accessdate=March 2, 2019}}</ref>


⚫
Rainey's silent film grossed over a half-million dollars ({{Inflation|US|500000|1912|fmt=eq}}), an extraordinary sum for an early motion picture. It was one of the most successful non-fiction films of the decade.<ref name="AfricanHunt"/> Rainey's safari team included a photographer and a taxidermist from the [[Smithsonian Institution]].<ref name="DocumentaryFilm">{{cite book |last=Goldman |first=Tonya |date=2016 |title=The Documentary Film Reader: History, Theory, Criticism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YJFPCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT51&lpg=PT51&dq=%22Captain+Besley+Motion+Picture+Co%22&source=bl&ots=4W3xy7u_Fx&sig=ACfU3U08e4BIUAkeFHGv6jSEz_Z2YSIOAQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiMi9_X4e_gAhULI6wKHXOzA_oQ6AEwBHoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=Besley&f=false |access-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref> The success of Rainey's films led to a boom in expedition and nature films.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=New "Civilization" Press Agent| url=https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_054_24.pdf |magazine=Pacific Coast Musical Review, Volume 26 |location=San Francisco, California |publisher=New Moving Picture Review |date=December 12, 1914 |access-date=February 28, 2019 }}</ref> These were silent films, so many of these films were at first presented by a lecturer in a lyceum-like context.<ref name="DocumentaryFilm"/>
⚫
Rejected by the military for health reasons, Rainey purchased an [[ambulance]] and drove it on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] during [[World War I]].


⚫
The [[Library of Congress]] has a copy of the film in its paper print collection. Producer [[Joseph P. Bickerton, Jr.]] organized the Jungle Film Corporation to buy and commercialize Rainey's African hunt footage. These films were the first motion pictures to be produced at regular theater prices and were successful in the U.S. and abroad.<ref>Meet JP Bickerton, Jr. New York Times. September 11, 1932</ref>
After the war, Rainey hunted [[Big game hunting|big game]] in [[Africa]] and shot some of the earliest [[film]] footage of [[African animals]] in the wild.


==Death and burial==
He died in 1923 of a [[cerebral hemorrhage]] on his forty-sixth birthday. The death occurred while Rainey was en route from [[England]] to [[South Africa]], where he had planned to hunt. He was [[burial at sea|buried at sea]].
He died in 1923 of a [[cerebral hemorrhage]] on his forty-sixth birthday. The death occurred while Rainey was en route from [[England]] to [[South Africa]], where he had planned to hunt. He was [[burial at sea|buried at sea]].


Revision as of 16:17, 8 March 2019

Photograph and signature of Paul J Rainey
Rainey in 1914
Paul J. Rainey in the Arctic, ca. 1910.

Paul James Rainey (September 18, 1877 – September 18, 1923) was an American businessman, philanthropist, hunter, and photographer.

Biography

Paul James Rainey was born September 18, 1877 in Cleveland, Ohio, the fifth of Eleanor Beatty (née Mitchell) and William J. Rainey's five children.[1]

Scion of a wealthy family whose fortune came from coal and coke production, Rainey developed a reputation as a playboy. He invested in numerous personal projects, including his Tippah Lodge in Mississippi, a hotel, prize horses, and private railroad cars.

Although he owned other residences, he favored Tippah Lodge, his sprawling estate in rural Mississippi.[2][3]

Rainey was active with the American Geographical Society, American Museum of Natural History, the New York Zoological Society, and the Smithsonian Institution, among other organizations.

Rejected by the military for health reasons, Rainey purchased an ambulance and drove it on the Western Front during World War I.

African expedition film

After the war, Rainey hunted big game in Africa. Rainey and his team filmed some of the earliest film footage of African animals in the wild. In 1912, a six-reel documentary film Paul J. Rainey's African Hunt was released.[4]

Rainey's silent film grossed over a half-million dollars (equivalent to $15,786,207 in 2023), an extraordinary sum for an early motion picture. It was one of the most successful non-fiction films of the decade.[4] Rainey's safari team included a photographer and a taxidermist from the Smithsonian Institution.[5] The success of Rainey's films led to a boom in expedition and nature films.[6] These were silent films, so many of these films were at first presented by a lecturer in a lyceum-like context.[5]

The Library of Congress has a copy of the film in its paper print collection. Producer Joseph P. Bickerton, Jr. organized the Jungle Film Corporation to buy and commercialize Rainey's African hunt footage. These films were the first motion pictures to be produced at regular theater prices and were successful in the U.S. and abroad.[7]

Death and burial

He died in 1923 of a cerebral hemorrhage on his forty-sixth birthday. The death occurred while Rainey was en route from England to South Africa, where he had planned to hunt. He was buried at sea.

Legacy

After his death, Rainey's family set aside 26,000 acres (110 km2) of his marshland as a wildfowl refuge. Located in coastal south Louisiana, the refuge, known as the Paul J. Rainey Wildlife Sanctuary, is owned by the National Audubon Society.[2] His sister commissioned the Rainey Memorial Gates at the Bronx Zoo as a memorial.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ Danny Murry, "The Amazing Paul Rainey," http://prb.datalane.net/prbamaz.htm, accessed 20 October 2009.
  2. ^ a b "Paul J. Rainey Estate — Tippah Lodge," http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mstippah/Raineyestate.html, accessed 20 October 2009.
  3. ^ "Big Game Hunter in Faulkner Country". September 7, 2012. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
  4. ^ a b "Rainey's African Hunt: A bloody 1912 movie blockbuster". September 7, 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  5. ^ a b Goldman, Tonya (2016). The Documentary Film Reader: History, Theory, Criticism. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  6. ^ "New "Civilization" Press Agent" (PDF). Pacific Coast Musical Review, Volume 26. San Francisco, California: New Moving Picture Review. December 12, 1914. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  7. ^ Meet JP Bickerton, Jr. New York Times. September 11, 1932
  8. ^ Stephen S. Lash (May 1971). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Rainey Memorial Gates". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2011-01-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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