White sucker

White sucker Temporal range: Early Pleistocene to recent
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cypriniformes
Family:	Catostomidae
Genus:	Catostomus
Species:	C. commersonii
Binomial name
Catostomus commersonii (Lacépède, 1803)
Distribution in the United States (also occurs in Canada)
Synonyms
Cyprinus commersonii Lacepède, 1803 Cyprinus teres Mitchill, 1814 Catostomus bostoniensis Lesueur, 1817 Catostomus communis Lesueur, 1817 Catostomus flexuosus Rafinesque, 1820 Cyprinus reticulatus Richardson, 1836 Catostomus gracilis Kirtland, 1838 Catostomus pallidus DeKay, 1842 Catostomus sucklii Girard, 1856 Catostomus chloropteron Abbott, 1860 Catostomus alticolus Cope, 1874 Moxostoma trisignatum Cope, 1875 Catostomus richardsoni Harper & Nichols, 1919

The white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) is a freshwater cypriniform fish inhabiting the upper Midwest and Northeast in North America, but is also found as far south as Georgia and New Mexico in the south and west. The fish is commonly known as a "sucker" due to its fleshy, papillose lips that suck up organic matter and aufwuchs from the bottom of rivers and streams.

Other common names for the white sucker include bay fish, brook sucker, common sucker, and mullet. The white sucker is often confused with the longnose sucker (C. catostomus), because they look very similar.

Description

The white sucker is a long, round-bodied fish with a dark green, grey, copper, brown, or black back and sides and a light underbelly. The fish also has typical features of primitive Cypriniformes fishes, such as a homocercal tail, cycloid scales, and dorsal, pectoral, and pelvic fin rays. When full grown, it can reach lengths between 12 and 20 in and weigh 2 to 6 pounds. The fish's suckermouth with its fleshy lips are located in the inferior position at the bottom of its head, as the fish obtains its food from bottom surfaces. These fish are also commonly mistaken for different types of suckers and redhorse, but can be distinguished by the complete lateral line system containing 55-85 small scales.

Distribution and habitat

Since the fish is highly adaptable to different habitats and changing environmental influences. Generally, however, white suckers are found in small streams, rivers, and lakes in the Midwest and East Coast of the United States. The white sucker is also relatively tolerant of turbid and polluted waters.

Diet habits

The white sucker is a bottom feeder, meaning that it uses its fleshy lips to suck up bottom sediments and other organisms that may be located there. It will eat almost anything it can, but most commonly small invertebrates, algae, and plant matter. Larger predatory fish species such as walleye, trout, bass, northern pike, catfish, muskellunge, and sauger naturally prey on the white sucker.

Reproduction

The white sucker usually spawns in shallow water or streams in April and May; spawning may possibly be initiated by temperature changes and runoff from early snow melt. Two or more males may gather with one female, which releases up to 10,000 eggs that can be fertilized by the gathered males.

Importance to humans

A very common fish, the white sucker is usually not fished for food, though some consider it good to eat. It is most often used as bait; the young are sold as sucker minnows. When it is eaten by humans, it is usually processed and sold under the name of mullet.

Fossil record

Fossils of this fish in the United States occur as early as the Early Pleistocene (1.8 million years ago).

References

• Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Catostomus commersonii" in FishBase. 06 2006 version.

External links

• "Hybrid 'Muttsucker' Has Genes Of Three Species". Science Daily. Aug 15, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
• Species profile by Earl J.S. Rook
• Wisconsin Sea Grant Fish of the Great Lakes species profile
• Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture and Fisheries factsheet
• World Register of Marine Species entry